MULTIPLE REGRESSION TOOL FOR CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT

In classical theory, the risk is limited to mathematical expectation of losses that can occur when choosing one of the possible variants. For banks, risk is represented as losses arising from the completion of one or another decision. Bank risk is a phenomenon that occurs during the activity of banking operations and that cause negative effects for those activities: deterioration of business or record bank losses affecting functionality. It can be caused by internal or external causes, generated by the competitive environment. The concept of risk can be defined as a commitment bearing the uncertainty due to the likelihood of gain or lossbanking system, credit risk, multiple regression.

Credit Risk Management in Terms of Basel III

As volatility has become the dominant environment in which banks operate, they were put in a position to meet new challenges and to face greater risks, reason for the Supervisory Institutions to develop complex models for credit risk management. On the other hand the financial crisis has shown that Basel II has several shortcomings and must be upgraded so the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) proposed in the end of 2009 Basel III, a comprehensive strategy for regulation, supervision and risk management of internationally-active banks.credit risk, management, financial crisis, Basel III.

PC7 – Proiectul FAST Aplicatia MI-SAFE

This is the presentation used in the Regional distribution of MI-SAFE for Romania, held in Jurilovca Town in 18 July 2017. This event was organized and performed by Adrian Stanica and Albert Scrieciu for end-users working or living close to the Study sites from Jurilovca Town (year one) and Iistria Town (year two). The event was organised with the support of the local authority from Jurilovca Town (Figure 2). The main goal was to present the MI-SAFE package, starting with a short presentation about the FAST Project, and focusing on the Romanian study sites and their importance for the project – we consider this to be a good idea to encourage the feedback from the participants (as they have a very good knowledge of these study sites and their particularities)

Airborne Drones for Water Quality Mapping in Inland, Transitional and Coastal Waters-MapEO Water Data Processing and Validation

Using airborne drones to monitor water quality in inland, transitional or coastal surface waters is an emerging research field. Airborne drones can fly under clouds at preferred times, capturing data at cm resolution, filling a significant gap between existing in situ, airborne and satellite remote sensing capabilities. Suitable drones and lightweight cameras are readily available on the market, whereas deriving water quality products from the captured image is not straightforward; vignetting effects, georeferencing, the dynamic nature and high light absorption efficiency of water, sun glint and sky glint effects require careful data processing. This paper presents the data processing workflow behind MapEO water, an end-to-end cloud-based solution that deals with the complexities of observing water surfaces and retrieves water-leaving reflectance and water quality products like turbidity and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration. MapEO water supports common camera types and performs a geometric and radiometric correction and subsequent conversion to reflectance and water quality products. This study shows validation results of water-leaving reflectance, turbidity and Chl-a maps derived using DJI Phantom 4 pro and MicaSense cameras for several lakes across Europe. Coefficients of determination values of 0.71 and 0.93 are obtained for turbidity and Chl-a, respectively. We conclude that airborne drone data has major potential to be embedded in operational monitoring programmes and can form useful links between satellite and in situ observations

Airborne Drones for Water Quality Mapping in Inland, Transitional and Coastal Waters-MapEO Water Data Processing and Validation

Using airborne drones to monitor water quality in inland, transitional or coastal surface waters is an emerging research field. Airborne drones can fly under clouds at preferred times, capturing data at cm resolution, filling a significant gap between existing in situ, airborne and satellite remote sensing capabilities. Suitable drones and lightweight cameras are readily available on the market, whereas deriving water quality products from the captured image is not straightforward; vignetting effects, georeferencing, the dynamic nature and high light absorption efficiency of water, sun glint and sky glint effects require careful data processing. This paper presents the data processing workflow behind MapEO water, an end-to-end cloud-based solution that deals with the complexities of observing water surfaces and retrieves water-leaving reflectance and water quality products like turbidity and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration. MapEO water supports common camera types and performs a geometric and radiometric correction and subsequent conversion to reflectance and water quality products. This study shows validation results of water-leaving reflectance, turbidity and Chl-a maps derived using DJI Phantom 4 pro and MicaSense cameras for several lakes across Europe. Coefficients of determination values of 0.71 and 0.93 are obtained for turbidity and Chl-a, respectively. We conclude that airborne drone data has major potential to be embedded in operational monitoring programmes and can form useful links between satellite and in situ observations

The investigation of the water quality and bed-sediment conditions in Cutetchi Lake, Danube Delta, Romania

Danube Delta includes many ecosystems functioning in a dynamic environment that could be considered, each of them, as ”natural laboratories”. In this sense, Cutetchi Lake was chosen for conducting practical investigations (August 2016) and the obtained data will be used to evaluate the impacts associated with natural factors or human-related activities. Water samples were investigated for physical parameters and water-quality constituents. Bed-sediments samples were analyzed for the main lithological components and trace elements to identify the levels, distribution and the potential sources of heavy metals in surficial accumulations. Related environmental standards were used to evaluate the water and sediment quality. Results indicate that, in the surface water the mean concentration of the environmental indicators ranged mainly in line with sampling points and generally agreed with reference standard: transparency (0.94 m), dissolved oxygen (8.98 mg/l), temperature (22.39 oC), conductivity (392.2 µS/cm), total dissolved solids (196.1 mg/l), pH (7.91), Eh (22 mV), turbidity (5.06 NTU), total suspended solids (9.25 mg/l), nitrite-nitrogen (0.01 mg/l), nitrate-nitrogen (0,02 mg/l), soluble orthophosphates (0.17 mg/l), sulphates (25,5 mg/l), silica (6,8 mg/l). The mean sediment parameter values were: moisture (23.13 %), dry sediment content (76.87 %), total organic matter (73.53 %), total carbonates (7.48 %) and minerogenic fraction (18.98 %). In the bed-sediment, the average metal content was: Zn (102.17 mg/kg), Ni (44.77 mg/kg), Cr (73.23 mg/kg), V (75.30 mg/kg), Co (9.38 mg/kg), Pb (24.83 mg/kg), Cu (58.70 mg/kg), Cd (0.82 mg/kg) etc., and individual values only incidentally exceed the maximum recommended level. This work could be a basis for the ongoing evaluation processes of water and sediment quality

Indicators of Expansion and Retreat of Phragmites Based on Optical and Radar Satellite Remote Sensing: a Case Study on the Danube Delta

Reed is an important wetland species. In some places it provides valuable ecosystem services, while in other places it poses a threat as an invasive species. Thus, monitoring and predicting reed dynamics is crucial. We not only detected changes in reed area using remote sensing, but also developed indicators for the stability of reed wetlands based on remote sensing that would allow to predict its future development. We used satellite imagery to study reed development in the Danube Delta in Romania over a period of 22-years and identified expanding, stable and retreating reedlands. We then compared optical vegetation indices and radar backscatter among those three different reed development categories. We found clear spatial differences in long-term reed dynamics. We also revealed a clear difference in radar backscatter, but no difference in the optical signal of expanding, stable and decreasing reed areas. The radar data showed the largest seasonal variation in locations where reed was expanding and smallest seasonal variation where reed was decreasing. Overall, our study shows that the stability of reed ecosystems, and their services, can be monitored by quantifying seasonal changes in backscatter of reed-lands using radar satellites. This principle looks promising for monitoring other ecosystems as well

Indicators of Expansion and Retreat of Phragmites Based on Optical and Radar Satellite Remote Sensing: a Case Study on the Danube Delta

Reed is an important wetland species. In some places it provides valuable ecosystem services, while in other places it poses a threat as an invasive species. Thus, monitoring and predicting reed dynamics is crucial. We not only detected changes in reed area using remote sensing, but also developed indicators for the stability of reed wetlands based on remote sensing that would allow to predict its future development. We used satellite imagery to study reed development in the Danube Delta in Romania over a period of 22-years and identified expanding, stable and retreating reedlands. We then compared optical vegetation indices and radar backscatter among those three different reed development categories. We found clear spatial differences in long-term reed dynamics. We also revealed a clear difference in radar backscatter, but no difference in the optical signal of expanding, stable and decreasing reed areas. The radar data showed the largest seasonal variation in locations where reed was expanding and smallest seasonal variation where reed was decreasing. Overall, our study shows that the stability of reed ecosystems, and their services, can be monitored by quantifying seasonal changes in backscatter of reed-lands using radar satellites. This principle looks promising for monitoring other ecosystems as well

Indicators of Expansion and Retreat of Phragmites Based on Optical and Radar Satellite Remote Sensing: a Case Study on the Danube Delta

Reed is an important wetland species. In some places it provides valuable ecosystem services, while in other places it poses a threat as an invasive species. Thus, monitoring and predicting reed dynamics is crucial. We not only detected changes in reed area using remote sensing, but also developed indicators for the stability of reed wetlands based on remote sensing that would allow to predict its future development. We used satellite imagery to study reed development in the Danube Delta in Romania over a period of 22-years and identified expanding, stable and retreating reedlands. We then compared optical vegetation indices and radar backscatter among those three different reed development categories. We found clear spatial differences in long-term reed dynamics. We also revealed a clear difference in radar backscatter, but no difference in the optical signal of expanding, stable and decreasing reed areas. The radar data showed the largest seasonal variation in locations where reed was expanding and smallest seasonal variation where reed was decreasing. Overall, our study shows that the stability of reed ecosystems, and their services, can be monitored by quantifying seasonal changes in backscatter of reed-lands using radar satellites. This principle looks promising for monitoring other ecosystems as well

Water Quality, Sediment Characteristics and Benthic Status of the Razim-Sinoie Lagoon System, Romania

Razim Lake is the biggest of Romania’s freshwater lakes and along with other basins as Golovita, Zmeica and Sinoie constitutes a system of great ecological significance, playing also an essential role in the supply of water for irrigation, fishery exploitation, farming, flood prevention, recreational navigation and water tourism. Due to their importance, the environmental conditions in the Razim - Sinoie coastal lakes have attracted an increased public attention in contemporary society. To assess the levels, dissemination and potential sources of contamination in the above-mentioned lagoon system, random sampling was used to collect water and sediment samples from every lake and several analytical techniques were performed to investigate their environmental characteristics. The results obtained from this study indicated that, in water, concentrations of various physico-chemical parameters are, mostly, in agreement with correlated environmental standards. Slight variations and/or occasional exceeding of the maximum admissible limits were generally limited to small areas showing levels that would not warrant special concern. In sediments, the mean concentrations of some specific trace metals were below the levels of potential effect. Benthic samples revealed 31 taxa belonging to 16 zoo-benthal subdivisions. The results of this study showed good ecological status despite local several natural and anthropogenic stressors as fishery exploitation, farming, recreational navigation and water tourism