33 research outputs found
Effect of antifungal agents on indwelling voice prosthetic biofilms
Rehabilitating the lost voice of laryngectomy patients by insertion of a silicone rubber voice prosthesis is now generally considered to be superior to any other form of substitute voice production. However, a drawback of these implants is the rapid colonization by a mixed biofilm of bacteria and yeasts, mainly Candida species, leading to failure and frequent exchange of the implant. A strategy frequently applied by otolaryngologists is oropharyngeal yeast decontamination by using antifungal agents, despite the fact that there is no compelling evidence that prescription of antifungal agents will prolong the lifetime of voice prostheses. Moreover, the prophylactic use of antifungal agents contributes to the development of resistant strains. Alternative approaches to prolonging the lifetime of silicone rubber voice prostheses may be found in modification of the silicone rubber surface of the implant, diet supplementation with active, probiotic bacteria, or salivary substitutes with synthetic antimicrobial peptides.</p
Production of Lambda and Sigma^0 hyperons in proton-proton collisions
This paper reports results on simultaneous measurements of the reaction
channels pp -> pK+\Lambda and pp -> pK+\Sigma^0 at excess energies of 204, 239,
and 284 MeV (\Lambda) and 127, 162, and 207 MeV (\Sigma^0). Total and
differential cross sections are given for both reactions. It is concluded from
the measured total cross sections that the high energy limit of the cross
section ratio is almost reached at an excess energy of only about 200 MeV. From
the differential distributions observed in the overall CMS as well as in the
Jackson and helicity frames, a significant contribution of interfering nucleon
resonances to the \Lambda production mechanism is concluded while resonant
\Sigma^0-production seems to be of lesser importance and takes place only
through specific partial waves of the entrance channel. The data also indicate
that kaon exchange plays a minor role in the case of \Lambda- but an important
role for \Sigma^0-production. Thus the peculiar energy dependence of the
\Lambda-to-\Sigma^0 cross section ratio appears in a new light as its
explanation requires more than mere differences between the p\Lambda and the
p\Sigma^0 final state interaction. The data provide a benchmark for theoretical
models already available or yet to come.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures; accepted by The European Physical Journal A
(EPJ A
Morfologia, ultraestrutura e morfometria do tegumento da paca (Cuniculus paca Linnaeus, 1766) criada em cativeiro
Considerando-se a falta de informações detalhadas sobre a morfologia da paca, sendo o segundo maior roedor da fauna brasileira, de excelente qualidade de carne e, dada a importância do tegumento comum, inclusive para o bom manejo em cativeiro, e até mesmo estudos como uma opção de animal de experimentação, descreveu-se a morfologia, morfometria e a ultraestrutura da pele de oito pacas (Cuniculus paca) machos e fêmeas, mediante a análise comparativa de segmentos cutâneos das regiões cervical, dorsal e medial do carpo. Observaram-se macroscopicamente as características da pelagem. Parte dos segmentos das regiões cutâneas foi analisada à microscopia de luz e parte, à microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Mensuraram-se as espessuras da derme, epiderme, camada córnea, perfis das fibras de colágeno da derme reticular e a área dos perfis das células das glândulas sebáceas repletas. Analisaram-se os resultados pela estatística descritiva e teste "T" (p<0,001). A coloração da pelagem da paca é castanho avermelhado com cerdas organizadas em grupos. A arquitetura da cútis e os anexos cutâneos se assemelham aos dos mamíferos em geral, embora haja ausência de glândulas sudoríparas. De acordo com a analise morfométrica, pôde-se inferir que a arquitetura da cútis de pacas machos e fêmeas apresenta diferenças quando comparada entre os sexos e também em um mesmo animal, diferenciando-se entre diversas regiões corpóreas
Integrating sequence and array data to create an improved 1000 Genomes Project haplotype reference panel
A major use of the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP) data is genotype imputation in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here we develop a method to estimate haplotypes from low-coverage sequencing data that can take advantage of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray genotypes on the same samples. First the SNP array data are phased to build a backbone (or 'scaffold') of haplotypes across each chromosome. We then phase the sequence data 'onto' this haplotype scaffold. This approach can take advantage of relatedness between sequenced and non-sequenced samples to improve accuracy. We use this method to create a new 1000GP haplotype reference set for use by the human genetic community. Using a set of validation genotypes at SNP and bi-allelic indels we show that these haplotypes have lower genotype discordance and improved imputation performance into downstream GWAS samples, especially at low-frequency variants. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved
The Polygenic and Monogenic Basis of Blood Traits and Diseases
Blood cells play essential roles in human health, underpinning physiological processes such as immunity, oxygen transport, and clotting, which when perturbed cause a significant global health burden. Here we integrate data from UK Biobank and a large-scale international collaborative effort, including data for 563,085 European ancestry participants, and discover 5,106 new genetic variants independently associated with 29 blood cell phenotypes covering a range of variation impacting hematopoiesis. We holistically characterize the genetic architecture of hematopoiesis, assess the relevance of the omnigenic model to blood cell phenotypes, delineate relevant hematopoietic cell states influenced by regulatory genetic variants and gene networks, identify novel splice-altering variants mediating the associations, and assess the polygenic prediction potential for blood traits and clinical disorders at the interface of complex and Mendelian genetics. These results show the power of large-scale blood cell trait GWAS to interrogate clinically meaningful variants across a wide allelic spectrum of human variation. Analysis of blood cell traits in the UK Biobank and other cohorts illuminates the full genetic architecture of hematopoietic phenotypes, with evidence supporting the omnigenic model for complex traits and linking polygenic burden with monogenic blood diseases
Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures
Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo