Gevrey regularity for integro-differential operators

We prove for some singular kernels $K(x,y)$ that viscosity solutions of the integro-differential equation $\int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \left[u(x+y)+u(x-y)-2u(x)\right]\,K(x,y)dy=f(x)$ locally belong to some Gevrey class if so does $f$. The fractional Laplacian equation is included in this framework as a special case.Comment: 15 page

Gevrey regularity for integro-differential operators

We prove a regularity theory in the Gevrey class for a family of nonlocal differential equations of elliptic type

Gevrey regularity for integro-differential operators

We prove a regularity theory in the Gevrey class for a family of nonlocal differential equations of elliptic type

Exploring the mental health and psychosocial experiences of asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants in the post-migration context

Background and aims: Migration phases (pre-, during and post-) are known to negatively impact on the mental health and psychosocial experiences of asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants. In this thesis, the focus was on post-migration experiences. Research shows that particular areas of concern include: migration detention, the asylum system, fear of deportation, poverty, destitution, housing issues, language and communication difficulties, and poor access to care. However, more in-depth understanding of the mental health and psychosocial experiences of asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants in the postmigration context is needed. The aim of this thesis was to investigate asylum seekers’, refugees’, and undocumented migrants’ mental health and psychosocial experiences in the postmigration context, including an exploration of social determinants of mental health and the barriers and facilitators to access to services. This was met by addressing three objectives: To investigate asylum seekers’, refugees, and undocumented migrants’ mental health experiences in the context of social determinants of health. To explore how social determinants of health influence the pathway to healthcare services amongst asylum seekers, refugees, and undocumented migrants. To explore the barriers and facilitators to asylum seekers’, refugees and undocumented migrants’ pathways to accessing the services that they need. Methods: This thesis employed three methodological approaches to collect and analyse data: a systematic review and meta ethnography, Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) and a re-analysis of interview data, applying the theory of Candidacy. These qualitative approaches were built on one another in a sequential manner. The systematic review included the qualitative component of 20 studies (11 qualitative and 9 mixed methods), assessed against pre established inclusion criteria. These were analysed by applying a meta-ethnographic approach. Eighteen asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants based in the Glasgow area were interviewed. RTA was the primary qualitative study. The interviews were then reanalysed using the theory of Candidacy to understand in more detail participants’ journeys to accessing the services needed. Results: Combined, the findings from this thesis indicate that the asylum system is a social determinant of health for asylum seeker, refugee and undocumented migrant populations in the UK and internationally. For asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, the inability to work and financial insecurity stemming from Home Office restrictions were found to compound distress. In relation to mental health, psychosomatic symptoms and difficulties with sleep were found, whilst protective factors included family, friends, religion, and hobbies such as exercise and playing music. Access to care was described as arduous due to language and communication difficulties, limited availability of interpreters, and issues registering with a GP. This was due to the limited information and knowledge available to them. Often this was mitigated by third sector organisations. Access to mental health services was consistently shown to be undermined by the Western biomedical approach, which failed to consider socio cultural factors that may further limit access. Often, consultations relating to mental health often resulted in prescriptions for psychotropic medications, which were considered socio-culturally inappropriate by some individuals in these communities and led to the discontinuation of treatment and heightened feelings of isolation. The secondary analysis of the interviews also showed that the operating conditions that influenced access to services comprised of three levels: micro-, meso- and macro. These encompass proximal as well as broader factors that influence these populations’ ability and willingness to access the services that they require. Conclusion: Efforts to improve asylum seekers’, refugees’ and undocumented migrants’ access to services, including healthcare, need to consider the psychosocial and cultural aspects of mental health in these populations. These are found to affect individuals’ and communities’ abilities and willingness to engage with existing services, including the NHS. Health services have a responsibility in lessening the structural barriers and inequity in access that these populations face

Le autostrade del mare in Italia- Analisi delle criticità e prospettive per il futuro

La presente ricerca si propone di analizzare il sistema delle autostrade del mare in Italia con particolare attenzione alle criticità presenti nei nodi marittimi italiani. Le autostrade del mare rappresentano uno strumento introdotto in sede europea per cercare di ridurre il traffico su strada, attraverso incentivi che rendano più conveniente una modalità, quale quella marittima, caratterizzata da un minor impatto ambientale e in grado di generare minori costi generalizzati del trasporto. La necessità stessa di introdurre questo nuovo tipo di “infrastruttura” deriva dalla congestione di alcune grandi arterie del trasporto stradale che hanno aumentato le esternalità del trasporto su gomma, sia merci che passeggeri, mettendo in evidenza la necessità di un riequilibrio modale. Attraverso l’analisi delle rotte attualmente presenti a livello nazionale, degli operatori, dei terminali marittimi e delle criticità ad essi legate, lo studio verifica il raggiungimento degli obbiettivi alla base di questa politica e suggerisce possibili interventi, a livello infrastrutturale e normativo, al fine di promuoverne ulteriormente lo sviluppo.:Motorways of the Sea, Short Sea Shipping, Italian shipping industry, Logistic

I derivati over the counter tra diritto dei privati e la teoria ecologica del contratto. Premesse per uno studio

Lo scritto intende porre alcune premesse per uno studio critico dei derivati over the counter. Condotta in riferimento ai dibattiti italiani e nordamericani, l’analisi di questi strumenti finanziari e del loro regime giuridico consente di sottolineare alcune implicazioni che la loro diffusione ha avuto sulla teoria generale del contratto. In questo senso, i derivati over the counter sono una manifestazione contemporanea di “diritto dei privati”. Tuttavia è illusorio pretendere un loro perfetto isolamento giuridico ed economico. Valorizzando una concezione ecologica del contratto, e facendo attenzione al rischio sistemico, occorre adottare un approccio rimediale capace di mettere in discussione la piena enforceability di questi strumenti finanziari

Strategies for Optic Pathways Decompression for Extra-Axial Tumors or Intracranial Aneurysms: A Technical Note

Abstract Background Different types of skull base tumors and intracranial aneurysms may lead to compression of the optic pathways. Since most of them are biologically benign conditions, the first aim of surgery is preservation of optic nerves rather than the oncologic radicality. Materials and methods Based on the progressive technical refinements coming from our institutional experience of optic nerve compression from aneurysms and extra-axial tumors, we analyzed the surgical steps to release nerves and chiasm during tumor debulking and aneurysm clipping. Results We distinguished vascular and tumor lesions according to the main direction of optic nerve compression: lateral to medial, medial to lateral, inferior to superior, and anterior to posterior. We also identified four fundamental sequential maneuvers to release the optic nerve, which are (1) falciform ligament (FL) section, (2) optic canal unroofing, (3) anterior clinoid process drilling, and (4) optic strut removal. The FL section is always recommended when a gentle manipulation of the optic nerve is required. Optic canal unroofing is suggested in case of lateral-to-medial compression (i.e., clinoid meningiomas), medial-to-lateral compression (i.e., tuberculum sellae meningiomas), and inferior-to-superior compression (i.e., suprasellar lesions). Anterior clinoidectomy and optic strut removal may be necessary in case of lateral-to-medial compression from paraclinoid aneurysms or meningiomas. Conclusions Preservation of the visual function is the main goal of surgery for tumors and aneurysms causing optic nerve compression. This mandatory principle guides the approach, the timing, and the technical strategy to release the optic nerve, and is principally based on the direction of the compression vector