Structure of smectic defect cores: an X-ray study of 8CB liquid crystal ultra-thin films

We study the structure of very thin liquid crystal films frustrated by antagonistic anchorings in the smectic phase. In a cylindrical geometry, the structure is dominated by the defects for film thicknesses smaller than 150 nm and the detailed topology of the defects cores can be revealed by x-ray diffraction. They appear to be split in half tube-shaped Rotating Grain Boundaries (RGB). We determine the RGB spatial extension and evaluate its energy per unit line. Both are significantly larger than the ones usually proposed in the literatureComment: 4 page

Acoustics in water: synergies with marine biology

This paper presents some of the bioacoustics related analysis that was performed on the ANTARES data, focussing on the year 2014. The data was processed for sperm whale, dolphin and shipping presence and grouped by hour of the day. It seemed that dolphins were more socially active during the day and foraging during the night. Sperm whales were mostly foraging during the day, but they may have been moving to other areas during the night. The most intense shipping noise came from a ferry that passed the platform twice a day. Although beaked whales were expected to be present in the area, so far their biosonar signal has not been conclusively found.Postprint (published version

La utillzación de la computadora como herramienta para la implementación del proceso de enfermería: la experiencia del Hospital São Paulo/UNIFESP

This article reports the pathway used to build a prototype of a computer nurse's clinical decision making support system, using NANDA, NIC and NOC classifications, as an auxiliary tool in the insertion of nursing data in the computerized patient record of Hospital São Paulo/UNIFESP.Se relata en este artigo el camino utilizado para la construcción de un prototipo de sistema de apoyo a la decisión computadorizado, utilizando las clasificaciones de enfermería NANDA, NIC Y NOC, para auxiliar en la inserción de los datos de la sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería en el prontuario electrónico de los pacientes dei Hospital São Paulo, de UNIFESP.O artigo relata o caminho utilizado para elaboração de protótipo de um sistema informatizado de apoio à decisão informatizado, utilizando as classificações de diagnósticos, intervenções e resultados de enfermagem (NANDA-NIC-NOC) para auxiliar a inserção dos dados da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem no prontuário eletrônico dos pacientes do Hospital São Paulo da UNIFESP.UNIFESP Departamento de Enfermagem Diretora de Enfermagem do Hospital São Paulo da UNIFESPUNIFESP Hospital São PauloUSP EERP Programa do Pós-GraduaçãoUNIFESP Programa de Pós-graduaçãoUNIFESP Departamento de EnfermagemHospital São Paulo Diretoria de EnfermagemUNIFESP, Depto. de Enfermagem Diretora de Enfermagem do Hospital São Paulo da UNIFESP, Hospital São PauloUNIFESP, Programa de Pós-graduaçãoUNIFESP, Depto. de EnfermagemHospital São Paulo Diretoria de EnfermagemSciEL

Diagnostic workup of childhood interstitial lung disease

Interstitial and orphan lung diseaseEnfermedad pulmonar intersticial y huérfanaMalaltia pulmonar intersticial i orfeChildhood interstitial lung diseases (chILDs) are rare and heterogeneous diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. An accurate and quick aetiological diagnosis may contribute to better management and personalised treatment. On behalf of the European Respiratory Society Clinical Research Collaboration for chILD (ERS CRC chILD-EU), this review summarises the roles of the general paediatrician, paediatric pulmonologists and expert centres in the complex diagnostic workup. Each patient's aetiological chILD diagnosis must be reached without prolonged delays in a stepwise approach from medical history, signs, symptoms, clinical tests and imaging, to advanced genetic analysis and specialised procedures including bronchoalveolar lavage and biopsy, if necessary. Finally, as medical progress is fast, the need to revisit a diagnosis of “undefined chILD” is stressed

Fires at the wildland-industrial interface. Is there an emerging problem?

Over the past years, wildfires have raged with unprecedented intensity across the world, becoming a growing problem, as weather conditions conductive to wildfire ignition and spread will increase in frequency and severity worldwide. This, coupled with a growing human expansion, leads to an increase in wildfire risk and in the threat to wildland-urban interface (WUI) communities. Commonly, definitions for WUI areas consider homes, commercial facilities, office and public buildings. This excludes industrial installations, where wildfires can trigger accidents or cascading events leading to extremely dangerous situations for the population causing enormous economic losses. In this paper, the problem associated to the wildland-industrial interface (WII) is analyzed. A methodology to obtain a global WII map is described, and the first WII maps for Europe and Asia are provided. Results show that, in Europe, 2.5% of the land and 6% of vegetated areas are WII, while in Asia these are respectively 0.24% and 0.5%. An analysis of how wildfire triggered industrial accidents can be considered when performing quantitative risk assessments (QRA) in industrial sites is also performed, identifying the current state of the art and research gaps, with the aim of helping industry, public authorities and policy makers, for better accident prevention, preparedness and response.This research is funded by the project PID2020-114766RB-100 of MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the project 2021_SGR_00251 of Generalitat de Catalunya. A. Àgueda is a Serra Hunter fellow.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Dificuldades e facilidades apontadas por enfermeiras de um hospital de ensino na execução do processo de enfermagem

OBJECTIVE: To identify the difficult and easy aspects of performing the different stages of the nursing process, according to the reports of nurses working at Hospital São Paulo. METHODS: Eighty-three nurses from 20 different hospital units, where the nursing process was regularly implemented, answered structured research questionnaires. RESULTS: Nursing diagnosis and evolution were the phases where nurses reported more difficulties. Most of the difficult and easy points reported are related to the nurses' theoretical and practical knowledge to perform the phases of the process. CONCLUSION: Insufficient knowledge becomes an obstacle for the nurses' compliance to the nursing process. An evaluation of theoretical and practical teaching of the nursing process during undergraduate courses is recommended, as well as continuous education in hospital settings.OBJETIVO: Identificar las dificultades y facilidades mencionadas por enfermeras del Hospital São Paulo en la ejecución de las fases del proceso de enfermería. MÉTODOS: Fueron entrevistadas 83 enfermeras, que trabajaban en 20 unidades de internamiento que poseen el proceso de enfermería implantado en el servicio, utilizándose cuestionarios estructurados. RESULTADOS: El diagnóstico y evolución de enfermería fueron las fases que las enfermeras refirieron tener mayor dificultad para operacionalizar. El núcleo de las dificultades y facilidades está relacionado con el nivel de conocimiento teórico y práctico de las enfermeras para la ejecución de las fases del proceso de enfermería. CONCLUSIÓN: La falta de conocimiento suficiente se vuelve una barrera para la adhesión de las enfermeras al método. Se sugiere la evaluación de la enseñanza teórica y práctica del proceso de enfermería en el pregrado y la educación permanente en los servicios hospitalarios.OBJETIVO: Identificar as dificuldades e facilidades mencionadas por enfermeiras do Hospital São Paulo na execução das fases do processo de enfermagem. MÉTODOS: Foram entrevistadas 83 enfermeiras, atuantes em 20 unidades de internaçaõ que possuem o processo de enfermagem implantado no serviço, utilizando-se questionários estruturados. RESULTADOS: O diagnóstico e evolução de enfermagem foram as fases que as enfermeiras referiram ter maior dificuldade para operacionalizar. O núcleo das dificuldades e facilidades está relacionado com o nível de conhecimento teórico e prático das enfermeiras para a execução das fases do processo de enfermagem. CONCLUSÃO: A falta de conhecimento suficiente torna-se uma barreira para a adesão das enfermeiras ao método. Sugere-se a avaliação do ensino teórico e prático do processo de enfermagem na graduação e a educação permanente nos serviços hospitalares.Centro Universitário São CamiloHealth Ministry National Health Surveillance AgencyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Nursing DepartmentUNIFESP, Nursing DepartmentSciEL

Open legacy soil survey data in Brazil: geospatial data quality and how to improve it

Spatial soil data applications require sound geospatial data including coordinates and a coordinate reference system. However, when it comes to legacy soil data we frequently find them to be missing or incorrect. This paper assesses the quality of the geospatial data of legacy soil observations in Brazil, and evaluates geospatial data sources (survey reports, maps, spatial data infrastructures, web mapping services) and expert knowledge as a means to fix inconsistencies. The analyses included several consistency checks performed on 6,195 observations from the Brazilian Soil Information System. The positional accuracy of geospatial data sources was estimated so as to obtain an indication of the quality for fixing inconsistencies. The coordinates of 20 soil observations, estimated using the web mapping service, were validated with the true coordinates measured in the field. Overall, inconsistencies of different types and magnitudes were found in half of the observations, causing mild to severe misplacements. The involuntary substitution of symbols and numeric characters with similar appearance when recording geospatial data was the most common typing mistake. Among the geospatial data sources, the web mapping service was the most useful, due to operational advantages and lower positional error (~6 m). However, the quality of the description of the observation location controls the accuracy of estimated coordinates. Thus, the error of coordinates estimated using the web mapping service ranged between 30 and 1000 m. This is equivalent to coordinates measured from arc-seconds to arc-minutes, respectively. Under this scenario, the feedback from soil survey experts is crucial to improving the quality of geospatial data

Self-organized arrays of dislocations in thin smectic liquid crystal films

International audienceCombining optical microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction and ellipsometry, we studied the internal structure of linear defect domains (oily streaks) in films of smectic liquid crystal 8CB with thickness 100-300 nm confined between air and a rubbed PVA polymer substrate which impose hybrid anchoring conditions (normal and unidirectional planar, respectively). We show how the presence or absence of dislocations control the structure of highly deformed thin smectic films. Each domain contains smectic layers curved in the shape of flattened hemicylinders to satisfy both anchoring conditions, together with grain boundaries whose size and shape are controlled by the presence of dislocation lines. A flat grain boundary normal to the interface connects neighboring hemicylinders, while a rotating grain boundary (RGB) is located near the axis of curvature of the cylinders. The RGB shape appears such that dislocation lines are concentrated at its summit close to the air interface. The smectic layers reach the polymer substrate via a transition region where the smectic layer orientation satisfies the planar anchoring condition over the entire polymer substrate and whose thickness does not depend on the one of the film. The strength of the planar anchoring appears to be high, larger than 10 −2 J/m 2 , compensating for the high energy cost of creating an additional 2D defect between an horizontal smectic layer and perpendicular ones. This 2D defect may be melted, in order to avoid the creation of a transition region structure composed of a large number of dislocations. As a result, linear defect domains can be considered as arrays of oriented defects, straight dislocations of various Burger vectors, whose location is now known and 2D nematic defects. The possibility of easy variation between the present structure with a moderate amount of dislocations and a structure with a large number of dislocations is also demonstrated