L'estime de soi globale et physique à l'adolescence

International audienceObjective. From a data collection conducted among junior high-school students, we propose to assess global and physical self-esteem. Indeed, profound physical changes, psychological and social affect this phase of development of the person and the object of this article is to clarify what are the potential impacts of these changes on self-esteem as a function of age and gender. Methods. 579 junior high-school students of the Midi Pyrenees region, aged 11 to 17 years (M = 13.34, SD = 1.20) have informed the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (1965) and the physical self-inventory (Ninot, Delignières and Fortes, 2000). Results. The reliability of both tools is confirmed from our study sample. The results allow to update significant differences in global and physical self-esteem according to the age and gender of the adolescents. Conclusion. The discussion focuses on the interpretation of gender differences in the assessment of global self-esteem and physical interpretation of the differences in the development of the person.Objectif de l'étude : À partir d'un recueil de données réalisé auprès d'élèves de collège, nous proposons d'évaluer l'estime de soi dans les domaines global et physique. En effet, de profondes modifications physiques, psychologiques et sociales affectent cette phase de développement de la personne et l'objet de cet article est de préciser quelles sont les répercussions possibles de ces transformations sur l'estime de soi en fonction de l'âge et du genre. Sujets : 579 collégien(ne)s de la région Midi Pyrénées, âgés de 11 à 17 ans (M = 13,34 ; ET = 1,20) ont renseigné l'échelle unidimensionnelle de Rosenberg (1965) et l'Inventaire de Soi Physique de Ninot, Delignières et Fortes (2000). Résultats. La fiabilité des deux outils utilisés est confirmée auprès de notre échantillon d'étude. Les résultats permettent de mettre à jour des différences significatives d'estime de soi globale et physique en fonction de l'âge et du genre des adolescent(e)s. Conclusion. La discussion s'oriente sur l'interprétation des différences de genre dans l'évaluation de l'estime de soi globale et physique et sur l'interprétation de différences au cours du développement de la personne

Application of DEXiPM as a tool to co-design pome fruit systems towards sustainability

The design of fruit production systems considering the latest innovations is a real challenge. Before being tested in an experimental station or in real farm conditions, the global sustainability of these newly designed orchards needs to be evaluated. Based on the DEXiPM® model, the DEXiPM-pomefruit tool has been designed to make an ex ante assessment of the sustainability of innovative orchard systems. This model is based on a decision tree breaking the decisional problems of sustainability assessment into simpler units, referring to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Based on two case studies, we present here the steps and thought process of our group to improve fruit production systems towards innovative and integrated production systems. DEXiPM-pomefruit tool has been tested on apple and pear production systems in the frame of a working group of European researchers. It proved to be sufficiently reliable to select the most promising innovations in a given context. DEXiPM-pomefruit was also used as a dashboard to determine strengths and weaknesses of the tested production systems and therefore to identify improvements

CHAMBRE CONDITIONNÉE POUR LA CONSERVATION D'ANIMAUX AQUATIQUES OU AMPHIBIES AVEC DISPOSITIFS ÉLECTRONIQUES DE RÉGULATION ET D'AUTOMATISATION

International audienc

CHAMBRE CONDITIONNÉE POUR LA CONSERVATION D'ANIMAUX AQUATIQUES OU AMPHIBIES AVEC DISPOSITIFS ÉLECTRONIQUES DE RÉGULATION ET D'AUTOMATISATION

International audienc

Sustainable orchards' redesign: at the crossroads of multiple approaches

Apple production is among the most intensively sprayed productions. Orchards' design usually targets productivity rather than autonomy and reproducibility. However, as perennial and multistrata systems, orchards create complex design opportunities to promote natural regulation processes and to address sustainability issues. Besides, there are specific expectations from the food-chain and the consumers for technical, aesthetical and nutritional qualities of fresh fruits. The whole society is more and more concerned with high pesticides use and its incidence on life quality (human and animal health, biodiversity, water). Therefore, an integrative approach of both agroecosystem and food-chain level has been chosen. To combine the diversity of interpretations and knowledge required to (re)design sustainable orchards, we developed an innovative participatory approach with fruit producers, advisors and agricultural scientists. It relies upon (i) expertbased knowledge to settle the objectives and properties of sustainable orchards; (ii) co-design of candidate models and (iii) ex-ante evaluation. After four years of group-functioning, we hereafter introduce major findings. First, the design of sustainable orchards entails to consider diversity, both among and within candidate models. Most of existing innovative and impressive experiences (e.g. association of animal and fruit productions) have been identified in organic or low-input commercial orchards. Key-elements for design purposes were discussed and included in a framework to design candidate prototypes. Second, a sustainable orchard appears as a dynamic entity adapting to global change and progressing towards 'higher resilience'. Methodological issues for simultaneous conception-evaluation process of prototyped systems were outlined and different tools were explored. To conclude, both diversity and dynamics of orchard models are key elements to sustain productivity and reproducibility. The most promising co-designed prototypes are now to be evaluated in various contexts covering Northern to Southern contexts of Europe within a follow-up project still to initiate

Application of DEXiPM® to assess the sustainability of an innovative apple production system: the exclusion netting

Tree crops production are highly dependent on external inputs, namely pesticides. Redesign tree crop production on other bases becomes a necessity. Before being tested in an experimental station or in real farm conditions, the global sustainability of these newly designed orchards needs to be evaluated. Adapted on the DEXiPM® model, the DEXiPM-pomefruit tool has been designed to make an ex ante assessment of the sustainability of innovative orchard systems. This model is based on a decision tree breaking the decisional problems of sustainability assessment into simpler units, referring to the economic,social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. In the frame of the PURE European project, we tested DEXIPM-pomefruit relevancy to assess the sustainability of innovative orchards. Two apple production systems were compared: one with exclusion netting against codling moth and one without. Exclusion netting is an innovative control method, which decreases the number of treatments by 30 % since all treatments against codling moth are suppressed. Moreover nets represent a good protection against yield loss risk due to climatic conditions (i.e. hail). However, its cost requires an important investment capacity. Assessed by DEXiPM-Pomefruit, the exclusion netting system globally ranked better than the uncovered system. Concerning the social aspect, the result was similar for both production systems. In contrast, economical performances were improved in orchards covered with nets, which are therefore protected against the climatic risk of yield loss. Moreover, the important decrease in pesticide use under nets contributed to improve all environmental impact indicators. DEXiPM-pomefruit helped selecting the most promising innovations in a given context. It was also used as a dashboard to determine strengths and weaknesses of the tested production systems and therefore to identify potential improvement

Application of DEXiPM® to assess the sustainability of an innovative apple production system: the exclusion netting

Tree crops production are highly dependent on external inputs, namely pesticides. Redesign tree crop production on other bases becomes a necessity. Before being tested in an experimental station or in real farm conditions, the global sustainability of these newly designed orchards needs to be evaluated. Adapted on the DEXiPM® model, the DEXiPM-pomefruit tool has been designed to make an ex ante assessment of the sustainability of innovative orchard systems. This model is based on a decision tree breaking the decisional problems of sustainability assessment into simpler units, referring to the economic,social and environmental dimensions of sustainability. In the frame of the PURE European project, we tested DEXIPM-pomefruit relevancy to assess the sustainability of innovative orchards. Two apple production systems were compared: one with exclusion netting against codling moth and one without. Exclusion netting is an innovative control method, which decreases the number of treatments by 30 % since all treatments against codling moth are suppressed. Moreover nets represent a good protection against yield loss risk due to climatic conditions (i.e. hail). However, its cost requires an important investment capacity. Assessed by DEXiPM-Pomefruit, the exclusion netting system globally ranked better than the uncovered system. Concerning the social aspect, the result was similar for both production systems. In contrast, economical performances were improved in orchards covered with nets, which are therefore protected against the climatic risk of yield loss. Moreover, the important decrease in pesticide use under nets contributed to improve all environmental impact indicators. DEXiPM-pomefruit helped selecting the most promising innovations in a given context. It was also used as a dashboard to determine strengths and weaknesses of the tested production systems and therefore to identify potential improvement

BioREco, Méthodologie et expérimentation système pour la réduction de l'utilisation des pesticides en vergers de pommier

Ce numéro est constitué d’articles de synthèse des projets DEPHY EXPE publiés à l’occasion du colloque national DEPHY, qui s’est déroulé les 13 et 14 novembre 2018 à la Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie (Paris). Nous vous invitons à découvrir le bilan et les enseignements des 21 projets conduits sur la période 2012-2017.To reduce pesticide use is challenging but crucial to improve fruit production sustainability. The ‘BioREco’ system experiment permitted to assess the possibilities to decrease pesticide use in apple orchards. Compared to the regional reference, pesticide use at full production (2009-2015) was on average decreased by 38-45% in systems combining low-susceptibility cultivars, alternative methods to chemicals and an accurate evaluation of the risk of damage. In those systems, yield was either similar (low-input systems) or lower (organic farming) than the reference. The multicriteria evaluation that Simon S. et al 74 Innovations Agronomiques 70 (2018), 73-86considered agronomic, environmental, technico-economical and feasability aspects displayed the benefits and the limits of the experimented systems. This work also enabled interactions among stakeholders in the food system about the experimental approach, the orchards, the multicriteria evaluation, the results and knowledge necessary to design the orchards of tomorrow. Keywords: Malus x floribunda, Cropping system, Multicriteria evaluation, Pest and disease management, Pesticide.La réduction de l’utilisation des pesticides est un enjeu majeur en arboriculture. Le dispositif BioREco a permis d’explorer dans la durée le potentiel de réduction de l’utilisation des pesticides en verger de pommiers. Par rapport à la référence régionale, pour la période de pleine production (2009-2015), il a en moyenne été possible de réduire l’utilisation des pesticides de 38 à 45 % en combinant des variétés peu sensibles ou résistantes aux maladies, un ensemble de pratiques alternatives aux pesticides et une évaluation fine du risque de dégâts. Cette réduction a été atteinte pour des niveaux de rendement équivalents (systèmes bas-intrants) ou moindres (systèmes en Agriculture Biologique). L’évaluation multicritère réalisée (agronomique, environnementale, technico-économique et faisabilité) a permis d’identifier les points forts et les points d’amélioration des systèmes expérimentés. Ce dispositif a également permis de créer une dynamique au sein de la filière, autour de l’approche expérimentale, des vergers, de leur évaluation multicritère, des résultats et des connaissances nécessaires pour repenser les vergers de demain

BioREco, Méthodologie et expérimentation système pour la réduction de l'utilisation des pesticides en vergers de pommier

La réduction de l’utilisation des pesticides est un enjeu majeur en arboriculture. Le dispositif BioREco a permis d’explorer dans la durée le potentiel de réduction de l’utilisation des pesticides en verger de pommiers. Par rapport à la référence régionale, pour la période de pleine production (2009-2015), il a en moyenne été possible de réduire l’utilisation des pesticides de 38 à 45 % en combinant des variétés peu sensibles ou résistantes aux maladies, un ensemble de pratiques alternatives aux pesticides et une évaluation fine du risque de dégâts. Cette réduction a été atteinte pour des niveaux de rendement équivalents (systèmes bas-intrants) ou moindres (systèmes en Agriculture Biologique). L’évaluation multicritère réalisée (agronomique, environnementale, technico-économique et faisabilité) a permis d’identifier les points forts et les points d’amélioration des systèmes expérimentés. Ce dispositif a également permis de créer une dynamique au sein de la filière, autour de l’approche expérimentale, des vergers, de leur évaluation multicritère, des résultats et des connaissances nécessaires pour repenser les vergers de demain.To reduce pesticide use is challenging but crucial to improve fruit production sustainability. The ‘BioREco’ system experiment permitted to assess the possibilities to decrease pesticide use in apple orchards. Compared to the regional reference, pesticide use at full production (2009-2015) was on average decreased by 38-45% in systems combining low-susceptibility cultivars, alternative methods to chemicals and an accurate evaluation of the risk of damage. In those systems, yield was either similar (low-input systems) or lower (organic farming) than the reference. The multicriteria evaluation that Simon S. et al 74 Innovations Agronomiques 70 (2018), 73-86 considered agronomic, environmental, technico-economical and feasability aspects displayed the benefits and the limits of the experimented systems. This work also enabled interactions among stakeholders in the food system about the experimental approach, the orchards, the multicriteria evaluation, the results and knowledge necessary to design the orchards of tomorrow. Keywords: Malus x floribunda, Cropping system, Multicriteria evaluation, Pest and disease management, Pesticide