24 research outputs found

    Inflammation and enhanced nociceptive responses to bladder distension produced by intravesical zymosan in the rat

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    BACKGROUND: Mycotic infections of the bladder produce pain and inflammatory changes. The present study examined the inflammatory and nociceptive effects of the yeast cell wall component, zymosan, when admininstered into the urinary bladder in order to characterize this form of bladder sensitization. METHODS: Parametric analyses of the time-course (0–48 hr) and concentration (0–2% solutions) variables associated with intravesical zymosan-induced bladder inflammation were performed in female rats. Plasma extravasation of Evan's Blue dye was used as a measure of tissue inflammation. Cardiovascular and visceromotor responses to urinary bladder distension were used as measures of nociception. RESULTS: Zymosan-induced bladder inflammation, as indexed by plasma extravasation of Evan's Blue, was significantly greater in rats treated with either 1 or 2% solutions as compared to either 0.1 or 0.5% zymosan solutions. In time-course studies (1 – 48 hr post-treatment), 1% zymosan-induced inflammation progressively increased with time following administration, was greatest at 24 hr and began to normalize by 48 hr. In the studies of inflammation-induced changes in nociception, arterial blood pressure (ABP) and visceromotor responses to graded distension of the urinary bladder were significantly increased relative to controls 24 hr after zymosan administration. CONCLUSION: These studies provide important time-course and solution concentration parameters for studies of zymosan-induced inflammation of the bladder and suggest utility of this model for the study of bladder-related pain

    Reactivación de Herpes zóster en población vacunada por COVID 19: Una revisión narrativa

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    La presente revisión describe la evidencia actual sobre la relación reportada entre la aplicación de la vacuna COVID-19 y la reactivación del virus Herpes zóster. Se revisaron reportes de casos publicados en la base de datos bibliográficos de Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar desde el año 2020 al 2021. Los hallazgos se dividieron en los siguientes apartados: Datos epidemiológicos, vacunas COVID-19 asociadas, manifestaciones clínicas, de laboratorio, comorbilidades o antecedentes de inmunosupresión, grado de enfermedad, complicaciones, infección y vacunación previa contra varicela; y finalmente manejo y tratamiento. La revisión bibliográfica incluye 15 artículos tipo reporte de caso, encontrándose un total de 52 pacientes afectados posteriormente a recibir la vacuna contra el COVID - 19, siendo las vacunas Pfizer, Moderna las más reportadas, siendo el sexo masculino él predominante y los dermatomas torácicos y lumbares las zonas más afectadas. Alrededor del mundo se han notificado casos de herpes zóster asociados a las vacunas contra el COVID-19. Si bien se postulan mecanismos fisiopatológicos que podría explicar esta asociación, aun es necesario realizar más estudios para confirmarlo.This review describes the current evidence on the reported relationship between the application of the COVID-19 vaccine and the reactivation of the Herpes zoster virus. Reports of cases published in the bibliographic databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar from 2020 to 2021 were reviewed. The findings were divided into the following sections: Epidemiological data, associated COVID-19 vaccines, clinical manifestations, laboratory, comorbidities or history of immunosuppression, degree of disease, complications, infection and previous vaccination against varicella; and finally management and treatment. The bibliographic review includes 15 case report-type articles, finding a total of 52 patients affected after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, being the Pfizer, Modern vaccines the most reported, being the male sex the predominant one and thoracic dermatomes and lumbar the most affected areas. Cases of shingles associated with COVID-19 vaccines have been reported around the world. Although pathophysiological mechanisms are postulated that could explain this association, more studies still need to be carried out to confirm it.Tesi

    CUBES : the Cassegrain U-band Efficient Spectrograph

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    In the era of Extremely Large Telescopes, the current generation of 8-10m facilities are likely to remain competitive at ground-UV wavelengths for the foreseeable future. The Cassegrain U-Band Efficient Spectrograph (CUBES) has been designed to provide high-efficiency (> 40%) observations in the near UV (305-400 nm requirement, 300-420 nm goal) at a spectral resolving power of R >20, 000 (with a lower-resolution, sky-limited mode of R ~7, 000). With the design focusing on maximizing the instrument throughput (ensuring a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) ~20 per high-resolution element at 313 nm for U ~18.5 mag objects in 1h of observations), it will offer new possibilities in many fields of astrophysics, providing access to key lines of stellar spectra: a tremendous diversity of iron-peak and heavy elements, lighter elements (in particular Beryllium) and light-element molecules (CO, CN, OH), as well as Balmer lines and the Balmer jump (particularly important for young stellar objects). The UV range is also critical in extragalactic studies: the circumgalactic medium of distant galaxies, the contribution of different types of sources to the cosmic UV background, the measurement of H2 and primordial Deuterium in a regime of relatively transparent intergalactic medium, and follow-up of explosive transients. The CUBES project completed a Phase A conceptual design in June 2021 and has now entered the detailed design and construction phase. First science operations are planned for 2028

    Inflammation and enhanced nociceptive responses to bladder distension produced by intravesical zymosan in the rat

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    Abstract Background Mycotic infections of the bladder produce pain and inflammatory changes. The present study examined the inflammatory and nociceptive effects of the yeast cell wall component, zymosan, when admininstered into the urinary bladder in order to characterize this form of bladder sensitization. Methods Parametric analyses of the time-course (0–48 hr) and concentration (0–2% solutions) variables associated with intravesical zymosan-induced bladder inflammation were performed in female rats. Plasma extravasation of Evan's Blue dye was used as a measure of tissue inflammation. Cardiovascular and visceromotor responses to urinary bladder distension were used as measures of nociception. Results Zymosan-induced bladder inflammation, as indexed by plasma extravasation of Evan's Blue, was significantly greater in rats treated with either 1 or 2% solutions as compared to either 0.1 or 0.5% zymosan solutions. In time-course studies (1 – 48 hr post-treatment), 1% zymosan-induced inflammation progressively increased with time following administration, was greatest at 24 hr and began to normalize by 48 hr. In the studies of inflammation-induced changes in nociception, arterial blood pressure (ABP) and visceromotor responses to graded distension of the urinary bladder were significantly increased relative to controls 24 hr after zymosan administration. Conclusion These studies provide important time-course and solution concentration parameters for studies of zymosan-induced inflammation of the bladder and suggest utility of this model for the study of bladder-related pain.</p

    Effects of acute adult and early-in-life bladder inflammation on bladder neuropeptides in adult female rats

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    Abstract Background The purpose of the present study was to determine how acute adult and/or prior early-in life (EIL; P14-P16) exposure to bladder inflammation affects bladder content of calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP). Estrous cycle influences were also studied in the adult-treatment conditions. Methods In Experiment 1, intravesical zymosan or isoflurane anesthesia alone was administered to adult female rats. Bladders and serum were collected 24 hours later during each phase of the estrous cycle. In Experiment 2, zymosan or anesthesia alone was administered EIL and as adults, with bladder tissue collection 24 h later. Results In general, Experiment 1 showed that bladder content of both CGRP and SP was increased by inflammation. This effect was significant when data were collapsed across all phases of the estrous cycle, but was only significant during proestrus when individual comparisons were made during each phase of estrous. Also, adult bladder inflammation significantly reduced estradiol levels. In Experiment 2, bladder content of CGRP and SP was significantly increased in rats receiving EIL and/or adult inflammation. Bladder weights were also significantly increased by inflammation. Conclusions These data indicate that bladder CGRP and SP are maximally increased during the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle in inflamed adult female rats. EIL exposure to bladder inflammation alone can also produce an increase in CGRP and SP lasting into adulthood. Therefore, EIL experience with bladder inflammation may predispose an organism to experience a painful bladder disorder as an adult by increasing primary afferent content of CGRP and/or SP.</p
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