A dual null formalism for the collapse of fluids in a cosmological background

In this work we revisit the definition of Matter Trapping Surfaces (MTS) introduced in previous investigations and show how it can be expressed in the so-called dual null formalism developed for Trapping Horizons (TH). With the aim of unifying both approaches, we construct a 2+2 threading from the 1+3 flow, and thus isolate one prefered spatial direction, that allows straightforward translation into a dual nul subbasis, and to deduce the geometric apparatus that follows. We remain as general as possible, reverting to spherical symmetry only when needed, and express the MTS conditions in terms of 2-expansion of the flow, then in purely geometric form of the dual null expansions. The Raychadhuri equations that describe both MTS and TH are written and interpreted using the previously defined gTOV (generalized Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkov) functional introduced in previous work. Further using the Misner-Sharp mass and its previous perfect fluid definition, we relate the spatial 2-expansion to the fluid pressure, density and acceleration. The Raychaudhuri equations also allows us to define the MTS dynamic condition with first order differentials so the MTS conditions are now shown to be all first order differentials. This unified formalism allows one to realise that the MTS can only exist in normal regions, and so it can exist only between black hole horizons and cosmological horizons. Finally we obtain a relation yielding the sign, on a TH, of the non-vanishing null expansion which determines the nature of the TH from fluid content, and flow characteristics. The 2+2 unified formalism here investigated thus proves a powerful tool to reveal, in the future extensions, more of the very rich and subtle relations between MTS and TH.Comment: 10pp 1 fig. corrected for equation labels, cross listing correcte

Implementation of a Mental Health Environmental Risk Assessment Tool

Background: Patient suicide is a serious safety issue, especially in mental health settings since suicides disproportionately affect psychiatric patients. Environmental hazards are a primary contributing factor in patient suicide cases. Problem: Mental health staff may lack tools and training to perform proper environmental risk assessments, which is the case at a psychiatric crisis residential center in northern California that utilized no environmental risk assessment tool. Methods: An environmental risk assessment tool was implemented at the site for four months to increase staff confidence, ability to identify hazards and decrease risk of patient suicides. Interventions: The Suicide and Self-Injury Patient Checklist (SSIPCL) was implemented, which is an evidence-based tool that has demonstrated efficacy in the standardized identification of hazards and reduction of patient suicide rates. Measures: Primary outcome measures observed pre and post implementation include patient suicide attempt rate (indicated by 5150 DTS [danger to self] holds placed at the site per month or case of suicidal ideation [SI]). Staff confidence scores were measured in regards to perceived site patient safety and ability to identify environmental hazards. Results: Patient suicide attempt rate (in holds per month) did not change after implementation, remaining the same at 0.25. For holds placed per case of SI, there was a decrease of 66% (1 to 0.33). There was a marked improvement in staff satisfaction scores. Conclusions: The SSIPCL can be effective in reducing risk of patient suicide and increasing staff satisfaction in a residential setting, but more research is needed over a longer time span. Key words: environment, suicide prevention, patient suicide, psychiatric, hazar

Optic Nerve Deformation by Eye Movements

Ocular rotation can cause mechanical deformation of the optic nerve head and surrounding tissues. During extreme angles of gaze, the optic nerve can become stretched and impose strain on other ocular tissues. Over a lifetime, the ill effects of repetitive mechanical injury from large adduction can compound, resulting in progressive optic neuropathy in some glaucoma patients.We investigated the etiology of this form of glaucoma through a series of papers focusing on anatomical analysis of the human optic nerve from donated tissue and clinical studies utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO). The optic nerve is surrounded and protected by a bi-layered dural sheath that bears the bulk of exerted mechanical force. Elastin fibers embedded within the sheath and peripapillary tissues around the nerve head form a three-dimensional meshwork that reinforces the tissue against mechanical strain. While the tissue at the globe optic nerve junction is heavily fortified with organized layers of collagen and elastin fibers, irregularities in the elastin fiber arrangement resulting in large dense elastin deposits were observed to correlate with older age. These elastin deposits could be a pathologic byproduct of optic nerve injury from mechanical strain, or serve as a protective mechanism to further reinforce the ocular tissues.In OCT studies, adduction of angles beyond 26� caused marked deformation of the peripapillary tissues around the optic nerve head, and choroidal volume change. cSLO imaging showed similar deformations of the retina surface during large angle adduction. Ocular tissue of younger subjects appears more compliant, while those of glaucoma patients were stiffer and thus experienced less deformation.We explored possible therapies for optic nerve traction during eye movement. Using collagen crosslinking to fortify ocular tissue, we observed that exposure to riboflavin and UV light can stiffen scleral tissue. In addition, we investigated whether prostaglandin agonists could be used to reduce ocular fat and found that topical administration of these agonists had insignificant effects on the retrobulbar fat

Identification and Mitigation of Environmental Hazards in Psychiatric Patient Suicide Prevention: A Review

Background: Environmental hazards are a factor in the bulk of inpatient suicide cases, which disproportionately impact psychiatric patients. Current measures to minimize suicide risk include process-oriented solutions and environmental safeguards such as breakaway structures. Aims: To perform a review of the literature that identifies environmental suicide hazards and interventions implemented to abate hazards and reduce suicide risk. Methods: Electronic databases were searched using relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles published 2009-2020 that identified environmental suicide hazards or examined efficacy of interventions implemented to abate hazards. The Johns Hopkins Research and Non-Research Evidence Appraisal Tools were used for critical appraisal. Results: Final article yield consisted of one level V-B literature review, one level II-B quasi experimental research study, and five level III-B non-experimental descriptive studies. Checklists and structural interventions demonstrated statistically significant reductions in inpatient suicides. The most common environmental hazards were ligatures (sheets/bedding) and ligature points (door fixtures) used in hanging. Conclusions: Findings have valuable clinical implications, such as providing guidance in the systematic elimination of more commonly occurring hazards and support the use of structural and checklist interventions alongside existing suicide prevention measures. However, additional research is needed on efficacy in different settings

Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Wastewater Microbial Metagenome

The existential threat of emerging antibiotic resistance in microbial communities poses significant risks to public health. In particular, wastewater can serve as a point of confluence for pharmaceuticals and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from urban and agricultural settings. While this is a prime environment for genetic drift and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements, it also presents an opportunity for resistome monitoring via shotgun metagenomic sequencing and downstream analysis. This project reports the application of a hybrid assembly approach for the detection of ARGs within DNA derived from a wastewater sample collected from the San José-Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility, which serves a significant portion of the San Francisco Bay Area. Hybrid assembly (with polishing) of Nanopore-derived long reads and Illumina-derived short reads resulted in detection of additional ARGs compared to a previously-performed short-read-based approach

Differential Equations in Stock Prediction Analysis

Stock price prediction plays a vital role in financial decision-making and has been an area of extensive research. In this research, we explore the effectiveness of the differential equation of Brownian motion as a method for stock price prediction and compare its performance with two established techniques, ARIMA and XGBoost. Using historical data from Yahoo Finance, we assess the predictive capabilities of these models and analyze their strengths and weaknesses. The findings of this study will shed light on the potential of Brownian motion as a viable approach in financial forecasting and provide valuable insights for investors and researchers in applying mathematics in social sciences. We also researched the application of this technique in option pricing and combined this with more complicated mathematical models

Exploiting context information to aid landmark detection in SenseCam images

In this paper, we describe an approach designed to exploit context information in order to aid the detection of landmark images from a large collection of photographs. The photographs were generated using Microsoft’s SenseCam, a device designed to passively record a visual diary and cover a typical day of the user wearing the camera. The proliferation of digital photos along with the associated problems of managing and organising these collections provide the background motivation for this work. We believe more ubiquitious cameras, such as SenseCam, will become the norm in the future and the management of the volume of data generated by such devices is a key issue. The goal of the work reported here is to use context information to assist in the detection of landmark images or sequences of images from the thousands of photos taken daily by SenseCam. We will achieve this by analysing the images using low-level MPEG-7 features along with metadata provided by SenseCam, followed by simple clustering to identify the landmark images

β-Lactoglobulin-linoleate complexes: In vitro digestion and the role of protein in fatty acids uptake

peer-reviewedThe dairy protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) is known to bind fatty acids such as the salt of the essential longchain fatty acid linoleic acid (cis,cis-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, n-6, 18:2). The aim of the current study was to investigate how bovine BLG-linoleate complexes, of various stoichiometry, affect the enzymatic digestion of BLG and the intracellular transport of linoleate into enterocyte-like monolayers. Duodenal and gastric digestions of the complexes indicated that BLG was hydrolyzed more rapidly when complexed with linoleate. Digested as well as undigested BLG-linoleate complexes reduced intracellular linoleate transport as compared with free linoleate. To investigate whether enteroendocrine cells perceive linoleate differently when part of a complex, the ability of linoleate to increase production or secretion of the enteroendocrine satiety hormone, cholecystokinin, was measured. Cholecystokinin mRNA levels were different when linoleate was presented to the cells alone or as part of a protein complex. In conclusion, understanding interactions between linoleate and BLG could help to formulate foods with targeted fatty acid bioaccessibility and, therefore, aid in the development of food matrices with optimal bioactive efficacyS. Le Maux is currently supported by a Teagasc Walsh Fellowship and the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (FIRM project 08/RD/TMFRC/650). We also acknowledge funding from IRCSET-Ulysses Travel Grant

A British Bureaucratic Revolution? Autonomy Without Control, or “Freer Markets, More Rules”

This paper addresses a puzzle : how to account for changes in the routine behavior of groups, organizations and individuals in Britain ? Following a detailed analysis of state/market interdependence and the role of the state in creating the market, an analysis drawn from the thinking of Weber and Polanyi, we suggest adapting Weber’s notion of bureaucratic revolution : in what we call the British bureaucratic revolution, the state has played an essential role in social change by creating institutions and rules that are lastingly reorienting actors’ behavior. The example of the healthcare field is examined in order to identify the specific mechanisms that have been impacting on behavior within an approximately ten-year period ; namely, the introduction of 1) competitive practices (sanction/reward) and 2) of auditing and inspection. If this interpretation is valid, then it is reasonable to assume that the effects of this bureaucratic revolution extend beyond Britain

Une révolution bureaucratique britannique ?:Autonomie sans contrôle ou « freer markets, more rules »

L'article a pour point de départ un puzzle: comment rendre compte des transformations des comportements routiniers de groupes, d'organisations et d'individus en Grande-Bretagne? À partir d'une analyse précise des interdépendances entre État et marché et du rôle de l'État dans la création du marché tirée de Weber et de Polanyi, nous proposons de reprendre et d'adapter la notion de révolution bureaucratique avancée par Weber. Nous défendons la thèse selon laquelle la révolution bureaucratique britannique se traduit par le fait que l'État joue un rôle essentiel dans le changement social en créant des règles, des institutions qui orientent dans la durée le comportement des acteurs. L'exemple de la santé est ensuite mobilisé pour identifier des mécanismes précis qui exercent leur influence sur une durée d'une dizaine d'années, à savoir l'introduction de dispositifs de concurrence (sanction récompense) d'une part, d'audit et d'inspection d'autre part. Si notre interprétation est pertinente, on peut envisager que les effets de cette révolution bureaucratique s'exercent dans d'autres contextes que celui de la Grande-Bretagne.This article originated with a puzzle: how best to account for changes in the behavior of groups, organizations and individuals in Great Britain? A detailed analysis of what Weber and Polanyi identified as interdependencies between state and market, and of the state's role in creating the market, led to the decision to adapt the notion of bureaucratic revolution put forward by Weber. We argue that the British bureaucratic revolution is reflected in the fact that the state plays an essential role in social change by creating rules and institutions that lastingly orient actors' behavior. The examples of health and local authorities are then used to identify mechanisms that were influential throughout a ten-year period; specifically the introduction of competition features (rewards and punishments) and of auditing and inspection. If our interpretation is accurate, the effects of this bureaucratic revolution may well come to be felt in contexts other than Great Britain