Hypovitaminosis D in Postmenopause

Hypovitaminosis D is a common health problem in postmenopausal women that predisposes to the development of various conditions, such as difficult-to-manage osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases and cancer. In the last two decades, the extensive role of vitamin D has been characterized, where besides controlling bone mineral metabolism, it also precisely regulates the immune system and metabolism. Early detection of hypovitaminosis D can help provide timely care to improve the health of postmenopausal women. This chapter aims to discuss the most relevant aspects of vitamin D in postmenopausal women and the probable consequences that it has on the development of pathological processes characteristic of this stage

Factores de riesgo de origen nutricional asociados al desarrollo de Debilidad Adquirida en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: Revisión narrativa.

The Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness (ICU-AW) is defined as the decrease in muscle strength and functionality in critically ill patients with no other possible cause than the critical condition. Different risk factors associated with the development of ICU-AW have been reported, which have a partial or total effect on the deterioration of muscle fibers; however, some of the risk factors associated with nutritional status continue to be considered of lower priority, due to the lack of awareness about its clinical benefits. The aim of this narrative review is to collect information on modifiable risk factors of nutritional origin related to the development of ICU-AW and provide recommendations for its prevention. Information was searched in databases and search engines of scientific literature in English and Spanish using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms such as: "acquired polyneuropathy", "critical illness", "body composition", "hyperglycemia", "autophagy", "caloric restriction”. Some risk factors of nutritional origin have been proposed, such as: changes in body composition and phase angle during the ICU stay, days with hyperglycemic episodes, autophagy promoters, caloric deficit, protein, and carbohydrate intake, however, there is no conclusive evidence on its relationship with the prevention of ICU-AW. The identification of risk factors for the development of weakness, mainly those that are potentially modifiable, are the main strategy for the prevention of this clinical entity. Additional information is required on its relationship with the development of ICU-AW, especially those of nutritional origin. Keywords: acquired polyneuropathy; critical illness; body composition; hyperglycemia; autophagy; caloric restriction.La debilidad adquirida en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (DA-UCI) es definida como la disminución de fuerza y funcionalidad muscular en pacientes críticamente enfermos sin otra posible causa más que la condición crítica. Se han reportado diferentes factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de DA-UCI los cuales tienen un efecto parcial o total sobre el deterioro de las fibras musculares, no obstante, algunos de los factores de riesgo asociados al estado nutricional siguen considerándose de menor prioridad, debido a la falta de concientización sobre sus beneficios clínicos. El objetivo de la presente revisión narrativa es recolectar información sobre factores de riesgos modificables de origen nutricional relacionados al desarrollo de DA-UCI y proporcionar recomendaciones para su prevención. Se realizó búsqueda de información en bases de datos y motores de búsqueda de literatura científica en inglés y español utilizando criterios MeSH (cuyas siglas significan Medical Subject Headings) como: “acquired polyneuropathy”, “critical illness”, “body composition”, “hyperglycemia”, “autophagy”, “caloric restriction”. Se han propuesto algunos factores de riesgo de origen nutricional como son: cambios en la composición corporal y ángulo de fase durante la estancia en la UCI, días cursando con episodios de hiperglucemias, promotores de autofagia, deuda calórica, aporte de proteína e hidratos de carbono, sin embargo, no existe evidencia contundente sobre su relación con la prevención de DA-UCI. La identificación de los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de DA-UCI, principalmente de aquellos potencialmente modificables, son la principal estrategia para la prevención de esta entidad clínica. Se requiere información adicional sobre su relación con el desarrollo de DA-UCI, sobre todo de aquellos de origen nutricional. Palabras clave: polineuropatía adquirida; enfermedad crítica; composición corporal; hiperglucemia; autofagia; restricción calórica

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Intestinal Homeostasis under Stress Siege

Intestinal homeostasis encompasses a complex and balanced interplay among a wide array of components that collaborate to maintain gut barrier integrity. The appropriate function of the gut barrier requires the mucus layer, a sticky cushion of mucopolysaccharides that overlays the epithelial cell surface. Mucus plays a critical anti-inflammatory role by preventing direct contact between luminal microbiota and the surface of the epithelial cell monolayer. Moreover, mucus is enriched with pivotal effectors of intestinal immunity, such as immunoglobulin A (IgA). A fragile and delicate equilibrium that supports proper barrier function can be disturbed by stress. The impact of stress upon intestinal homeostasis results from neuroendocrine mediators of the brain-gut axis (BGA), which comprises a nervous branch that includes the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as an endocrine branch of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review is the first to discuss the experimental animal models that address the impact of stress on components of intestinal homeostasis, with special emphasis on intestinal mucus and IgA. Basic knowledge from animal models provides the foundations of pharmacologic and immunological interventions to control disturbances associated with conditions that are exacerbated by emotional stress, such as irritable bowel syndrome

The risk of COVID-19 death is much greater and age dependent with type I IFN autoantibodies

International audienceSignificance There is growing evidence that preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing type I interferons (IFNs) are strong determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia. It is important to estimate their quantitative impact on COVID-19 mortality upon SARS-CoV-2 infection, by age and sex, as both the prevalence of these autoantibodies and the risk of COVID-19 death increase with age and are higher in men. Using an unvaccinated sample of 1,261 deceased patients and 34,159 individuals from the general population, we found that autoantibodies against type I IFNs strongly increased the SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate at all ages, in both men and women. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs are strong and common predictors of life-threatening COVID-19. Testing for these autoantibodies should be considered in the general population