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Toxic effects of brake wear particles on epithelial lung cells in vitro

Background: Fine particulate matter originating from traffic correlates with increased morbidity and mortality. An important source of traffic particles is brake wear of cars which contributes up to 20% of the total traffic emissions. The aim of this study was to evaluate potential toxicological effects of human epithelial lung cells exposed to freshly generated brake wear particles. Results: An exposure box was mounted around a car's braking system. Lung cells cultured at the air-liquid interface were then exposed to particles emitted from two typical braking behaviours ("full stop" and "normal deceleration"). The particle size distribution as well as the brake emission components like metals and carbons was measured on-line, and the particles deposited on grids for transmission electron microscopy were counted. The tight junction arrangement was observed by laser scanning microscopy. Cellular responses were assessed by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (cytotoxicity), by investigating the production of reactive oxidative species and the release of the pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin-8. The tight junction protein occludin density decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) with increasing concentrations of metals on the particles (iron, copper and manganese, which were all strongly correlated with each other). Occludin was also negatively correlated with the intensity of reactive oxidative species. The concentrations of interleukin-8 were significantly correlated with increasing organic carbon concentrations. No correlation was observed between occludin and interleukin-8, nor between reactive oxidative species and interleukin-8. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the metals on brake wear particles damage tight junctions with a mechanism involving oxidative stress. Brake wear particles also increase pro-inflammatory responses. However, this might be due to another mechanism than via oxidative stress. [Authors]]]> Vehicle Emissions ; Particulate Matter ; Particle Size ; Epithelial Cells ; Toxicity Tests eng https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_834D29655A82.P001/REF.pdf http://nbn-resolving.org/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_834D29655A828 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/urn/urn:nbn:ch:serval-BIB_834D29655A828 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Copying allowed only for non-profit organizations https://serval.unil.ch/disclaimer application/pdf oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_834DC6847A73 2022-02-19T02:25:16Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_834DC6847A73 A liposomal peptide vaccine inducing CD8+ T cells in HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice, which recognise human cells encoding hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins info:doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.05.009 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.05.009 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/15519708 Engler, O. B. Schwendener, R. A. Dai, W. J. Wolk, B. Pichler, W. Moradpour, D. Brunner, T. Cerny, A. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2004-11 Vaccine, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 58-68 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/0264-410X <![CDATA[Virus specific T cell responses play an important role in resolving acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. Using the HLA-A2.1 transgenic mouse model we investigated the potential of a liposomal peptide vaccine to prime a CD8(+) T cell response against 10 different HCV epitopes, relevant for human applications. We were able to demonstrate the induction of strong cytotoxic T cell responses and high numbers of IFN-gamma-secreting cells, which persisted at high levels for at least 3 months. Co-integrating CpG oligonucleotides into liposomes further increased the number of IFN-gamma-secreting cells by 2-10-fold for most epitopes tested. The frequency of specific cells was further analysed with chimeric A2 tetramers bearing the NS31073-1081 epitope and was estimated at 2-23% of the CD8(+) T cell population. Importantly, mouse effector cells, specific for this epitope, were also capable of lysing a human target cell line expressing HCV proteins. This finding and the specific protection observed in challenge experiments with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HCV sequences emphasise the biological relevance of the vaccine-induced immune response. In conclusion, such liposome formulations represent a safe and promising strategy to stimulate the CD8(+) T cell against HCV

Research on teacher education: more and more focused and less and less argued? Typological explorations of a crossed movement

Cette contribution propose un exercice de double classification d’un corpus restreint de textes (issus de la RSSE entre 2000 et 2019) qui concernent la relation entre recherche en éducation et formation à l’enseignement. Un paradoxe est mis en exergue : au fil des années, une augmentation des prétentions épistémologiques à décrire un lien normatif entre recherche et formation est relevée alors que, dans le même temps, la teneur argumentative diminue. Cherchant à conceptualiser et interpréter cette évolution, les auteurs de cette synthèse rétrospective suggèrent que les préoccupations dominantes des sciences de l’éducation auraient elles-mêmes changé d’échelle. (DIPF/Orig.)This contribution proposes a classification of a limited corpus of texts (from the RSSE between 2000 and 2019) which focus on the relationship between research in education and teacher training. A paradox is highlighted: over the years, an increase in epistemological pretensions to describe a normative link between research and training is noted while, at the same time, the argumentative content decreases. Seeking to conceptualise and interpret this development, the authors of this retrospective synthesis suggest that the dominant concerns of of educational research have themselves shifted in scale. (DIPF/Orig.

Des recherches sur la formation des enseignant·e·s de plus en plus focalisées et de moins en moins argumentées ? Explorations typologiques d’un chassé-croisé

Cette contribution propose un exercice de double classification d’un corpus restreint de textes (issus de la RSSE entre 2000 et 2019) qui concernent la relation entre recherche en éducation et formation à l’enseignement. Un paradoxe est mis en exergue : au fil des années, une augmentation des prétentions épistémologiques à décrire un lien normatif entre recherche et formation est relevée alors que, dans le même temps, la teneur argumentative diminue. Cherchant à conceptualiser et interpréter cette évolution, les auteurs de cette synthèse rétrospective suggèrent que les préoccupations dominantes des sciences de l’éducation auraient elles-mêmes changé d’échelle

Schlüssel zur Einteilung von Neophyten in der Schweiz in die Schwarze Liste oder die Watch-Liste

ISSN:0253-1453ISSN:1420-906

Characterisation of nanoparticles resulting from different braking behaviours

Brake wear particulate matter (PM) may provoke cardiovascular effects. A system was developed to expose cells to airborne PM from brakes. Six car models were tested, each with full stop and normal deceleration. PM numbers, mass and surface, metals, and carbon compounds were measured. Full stop produced higher PM number and mass concentrations than normal deceleration (up to 10 million particles/cm3 in 0.2 m3 volume). 87% of the PM mass was in the fine (100 nm to 2.5 ìm) and 12% in the coarse (2.5 to 10 ìm) fraction, whereas 74% of the PM number was nanoscaled (ultrafine &lt; 0.1 ìm) and 26% fine PM. Elemental concentrations were 2,364, 236, and 18 ìg/m3 of iron, copper and manganese, respectively, and 664 and 36 ìg/m3 of organic and elemental carbon. PM-release differed between cars and braking behaviour. Temperature and humidity were stable. In conclusion, the established system seems feasible for exposing cell cultures to brake wear PM. [Authors]]]> Vehicle Emissions ; Particulate Matter ; Particle Size ; Epithelial Cells ; Toxicity Tests eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_4F5284AEEBE7 2022-02-19T02:21:13Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_4F5284AEEBE7 Tricks and Effects: Introduction Turquety, Benoît info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2015 Early Popular Visual Culture, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 103-105 eng oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_4F52E9EAD243 2022-02-19T02:21:13Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_4F52E9EAD243 La Polymerase Chain Reaction: principes de base. [Polymerase chain reaction: basic principles] info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/8209127 Schorderet, D. F. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1994-05 Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis, vol. 83, no. 20, pp. 588-94 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/1013-2058 <![CDATA[The Polymerase Chain Reaction is a technique in molecular biology, that allows million-fold amplification of DNA-fragments. It is based on specific oligonucleotides used as starting segments (primers) of both sides of the genomic region to be studied. This chain reaction is characterized by three steps: denaturation of DNA by increasing the temperature; renaturation of the DNA allowing for competition between the two original DNA segments and the numerous primers, and finally synthesis of DNA by the polymerase. The cycle is repeated from 25 to 35 times in order to exponentially duplicate the DNA-fragments between the two primers. Usage of a thermoresistant polymerase permitted automatization of the procedure. This technique represents a revolution for practical molecular biology and medicine. Its very high sensitivity, however, may cause errors that have to be recognized. Several practical examples are described and analyzed in order to illustrate the PCR-concept to physicians in practise