118 research outputs found

    Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography: how to use and when to use-a clinical consensus statement from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging of the European Society of Cardiology.

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    peer reviewedThree-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D TOE) has been rapidly developed in the last 15 years. Currently, 3D TOE is particularly useful as an additional imaging modality for the cardiac echocardiographers in the echo-lab, for cardiac interventionalists as a tool to guide complex catheter-based procedures cardiac, for surgeons to plan surgical strategies, and for cardiac anaesthesiologists and/or cardiologists, to assess intra-operative results. The authors of this document believe that acquiring 3D data set should become a 'standard part' of the TOE examination. This document provides (i) a basic understanding of the physic of 3D TOE technology which enables the echocardiographer to obtain new skills necessary to acquire, manipulate, and interpret 3D data sets, (ii) a description of valvular pathologies, and (iii) a description of non-valvular pathologies in which 3D TOE has shown to be a diagnostic tool particularly valuable. This document has a new format: instead of figures randomly positioned through the text, it has been organized in tables which include figures. We believe that this arrangement makes easier the lecture by clinical cardiologists and practising echocardiographers

    The Effect of Recurrent Floods on Genetic Composition of Marble Trout Populations

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    A changing global climate can threaten the diversity of species and ecosystems. We explore the consequences of catastrophic disturbances in determining the evolutionary and demographic histories of secluded marble trout populations in Slovenian streams subjected to weather extremes, in particular recurrent flash floods and debris flows causing massive mortalities. Using microsatellite data, a pattern of extreme genetic differentiation was found among populations (global FST of 0.716), which exceeds the highest values reported in freshwater fish. All locations showed low levels of genetic diversity as evidenced by low heterozygosities and a mean of only 2 alleles per locus, with few or no rare alleles. Many loci showed a discontinuous allele distribution, with missing alleles across the allele size range, suggestive of a population contraction. Accordingly, bottleneck episodes were inferred for all samples with a reduction in population size of 3–4 orders of magnitude. The reduced level of genetic diversity observed in all populations implies a strong impact of genetic drift, and suggests that along with limited gene flow, genetic differentiation might have been exacerbated by recurrent mortalities likely caused by flash flood and debris flows. Due to its low evolutionary potential the species might fail to cope with an intensification and altered frequency of flash flood events predicted to occur with climate change

    Interleukin-17-producing decidual CD4+ T cells are not deleterious for human pregnancy when they also produce interleukin-4

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    BACKGROUND: Trophoblast expressing paternal HLA-C antigens resemble a semiallograft, and could be rejected by maternal CD4+ T lymphocytes. We examined the possible role in human pregnancy of Th17 cells, known to be involved in allograft rejection and reported for this reason to be responsible for miscarriages. We also studied Th17/Th1 and Th17/Th2 cells never investigated before. We defined for the first time the role of different Th17 subpopulations at the embryo implantation site and the role of HLA-G5, produced by the trophoblast/embryo, on Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS: Cytokine production by CD4+ purified T cell and T clones from decidua of normal pregnancy, unexplained recurrent abortion, and ectopic pregnancy at both embryo implantation site and distant from that site were analyzed for protein and mRNA production. Antigen-specific T cell lines were derived in the presence and in the absence of HLA-G5. RESULTS: We found an associated spontaneous production of IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-4 along with expression of CD161, CCR8 and CCR4 (Th2- and Th17-type markers) in fresh decidua CD4+ T cells during successful pregnancy. There was a prevalence of Th17/Th2 cells (producing IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IL-4) in the decidua of successful pregnancy, but the exclusive presence of Th17 (producing IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22) and Th17/Th1 (producing IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and IFN-Îł) cells was found in the decidua of unexplained recurrent abortion. More importantly, we observed that Th17/Th2 cells were exclusively present at the embryo implantation site during tubal ectopic pregnancy, and that IL-4, GATA-3, IL-17A, ROR-C mRNA levels increased in tubal biopsies taken from embryo implantation sites, whereas Th17, Th17/Th1 and Th1 cells are exclusively present apart from implantation sites. Moreover, soluble HLA-G5 mediates the development of Th17/Th2 cells by increasing IL-4, IL-17A and IL-17F protein and mRNA production of CD4+ T helper cells. CONCLUSION: No pathogenic role of decidual Th17 cells during pregnancy was observed. Indeed, a beneficial role for these cells was observed when they also produced IL-4. HLA-G5 could be the key feature of the uterine microenvironment responsible for the development of Th17/Th2 cells, which seem to be crucial for successful embryo implantatio

    Aspects cliniques et prévention de la transmission materno-fœtale

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    Trente maladies rares en dermatologie et la grossesse (interactions et modalités de prise en charge)

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    La grossesse au cours des maladies rares est un évènement particulier, sur lequel peu de données scientifiques sont disponibles. Ce travail est une revue de la littérature mondiale sur les interactions entre 30 maladies rares en dermatologie et la grossesse, leur prise en charge obstétricale ainsi que l'éventuelle tératogénicité des thérapeutiques.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Transmission materno foetale de l'infection à Herpes simplex virus (actualités dans la prise en charge thérapeutique)

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    L'herpès génital est une infection sexuellement transmissible dont la séroprévalence est en augmentation constante dans les pays occidentaux. En France deux millions de personnes sont concernées. Le virus de l'herpès provoque des infections le plus souvent bénignes, voire asymptomatiques, mais peut provoquer des formes graves notamment chez le nouveau-né. L'herpès néonatal est une affection rare, dont l'incidence moyenne est de 1 à 5 pour 10 000 grossesses, mais dont les conséquences en terme de mortalité et de morbidité sont sérieuses. Le risque d'herpès néonatal reste difficile à prévenir car 2/3 des enfants atteints ont une mère asymptomatique au moment du travail et sans aucun antécédent d'herpès génital. Nous rapportons dans ce travail, le résultat d'une enquête réalisée au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse entre 2001 et 2002 concernant la prise en charge de femmes ayant eu un problème d'herpès pendant leur grossesse ainsi que des observations d'infection herpétique néonatale recueillies au service de Néonatologie de l'Hôpital des Enfants. A la lumière des données de la littérature et des recommandations de la dernière conférence de consensus, nous avons dégagé les principales lignes de conduite pour un praticien confronté au problème de l'herpès génital pendant la grossesse.Des progrès restent à faire dans l'information et l'éducation du public sur les modes de contamination du virus et des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles en général.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Allées (315552109) / SudocSudocFranceF

    La Colonisation de l'Ile par les différentes Souches de Truite

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    Il est habituel d'expliquer l'existence de trois formes de truites communes dans l'île par des arrivées successives, décalées dans le temps. Cette affirmation d'apparence simple, voire simpliste, pose en réalité de nombreuses questions pour des animaux dulçaquicoles

    Prise en charge thérapeutique des nausées et vomissements de la grossesse

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    Les nausées et vomissements représentent une symptomatologie très fréquente du début de la grossesse. Ils sont le plus souvent d'évolution bénigne et disparaissent spontanément à la fin du premier trimestre de grossesse. Chez environ 10% des femmes, ces symptômes persistent durant le second trimestre de grossesse, et chez 3% durant le troisième trimestre. Dans 0.3% à 2% des grossesses, il existe de rares formes sévères appelées vomissements incoercibles ou hyperemesis gravidarum, susceptibles d'entraîner des complications. Ce travail a pour but de rappeler les points essentiels concernant l'épidémiologie, la pathogénie, le diagnostic, mais aussi de présenter l'essentiel des connaissances et évaluations de l'actuel arsenal thérapeutique disponible pour traiter les nausées et vomissements de la grossesse en France.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Utilisation des antirétroviraux chez la femme enceinte séropositive

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    TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Allées (315552109) / SudocSudocFranceF
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