Most Common Dental Complications in Chronic Disease Patients

The term "oral health" describes the conditions of the teeth, gums, and overall oral-facial system, which enables people to chew, speak, and smile. Some of the most common oral disorders are cavities (tooth decay), gum disease (periodontitis), and oral cancer. In the past year, about 40% of people stated feeling oral pain, and by the time they reach 34 years, more than 80% of individuals will have suffered from at least one cavity. so we are putting our hands to explore the most common dental complications in chronic diseases patient

Awareness of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Among Pre-Clinical Medical Students at King Faisal University in Saudi Arabia

Background Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a prominent gastro-intestinal condition that is detected during non-emergency clinic visits. Thus, the aim of the study is to assess the awareness of GERD among pre-clinical medical students at King Faisal University (KFU), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Methods This study was a Cross-sectional study based on a questionnaire, included the Pre-clinical medical students of King Faisal University, in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, AlAhsa.  excluded all students from clinical years and other colleges and institutions. Estimated sample size was 255 that was required to achieve a precision of 5% with a 95 percent confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 273 participants were surveyed. The study revealed that the prevalence of GERD was 63.7% which is far much higher than the stated average prevalence stated at 13.98%. Averagely, from the 12 questions, 76.18% of pre-clinical medical students answered the 12 questions correctly. This average score is significantly higher than the 37% that Riyadh reported. The study revealed that 99.6% (272/273) have heard of GERD. Conclusion GERD is a gastrointestinal motility condition caused by stomach contents refluxing into the esophagus or oral cavity, resulting in symptoms or consequences. Among the families of the third-year College of Medicine at King Faisal University, the prevalence rate was 63.7%. The overall awareness of GERD and its risk factors among students is 76.18%. More education campaign is still needed to raise awareness of this condition

Gender, Literacy, and Elementary School Students with Reading Centers

Reading centers are an important and active part of most elementary classrooms As a teacher of young children in Saudi Arabia I observed that there were times when students did not benefit from their literacy experiences and at other times there was a good deal of activity around their experiences in the reading centers I had developed for them As a result of this experience in my own classroom I have continued to have great interest in the role of reading centers for young children s learning This study is focused on the literacy activities in the reading centers in the elementary classroom Specifically it is focused on exploring the differences between boys and girls as they participate in reading centers in their classroom There are differences between boys and girls reading interests that have been documented in the research This study seeks to examine these differences in one elementary second grade classroo

Literature Review: Waiting Time and Patient Satisfaction Relationship

The patient waiting period in an outpatient facility may affect the satisfaction of patients and relies on other characteristics of the visit. This study examines how patient satisfaction is related to the period of waiting for medical attention in a healthcare facility. The study was undertaken in specialized clinics including family medicine. Data was collected by distributing structured questionnaires to patients in the outpatient clinics which included social demographics and patient satisfaction scores. Half of the total patients that participated in the study confirmed their satisfaction with waiting time. Comparably, the clinic of family medicine recorded better scores in waiting periods than other clinics. Besides, it was confirmed that patients treated in family medicine clinics recorded the highest scores in patient satisfaction. Although overall patient satisfaction was lower compared to previous pieces of literature, the study confirms that a reduced waiting period results in increased patient satisfaction and a greater likelihood of patients returning to the health facility.&nbsp

The Effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility in Saudi Arabia

In this article we have briefly discussed about the corporate social responsibilities in Saudi Arabia and their effectiveness After the introduction advantages and disadvantages of CSR are discussed After that implementation of CSR in Saudi Arabia is discussed giving an overview of how it is executed After giving some positive developments seen after CSR the drawbacks of improperly governed CSR are discussed In the end a conclusion is made highlighting what steps should Saudi Arabia should take in order to overcome these problem

The effects of a combined exercise programme aerobic and resistance on blood glucose, incretin, metabolic and inflammatory mediators that could control the diabetes and improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes patients

An excessive number of calories consumed daily, in addition to a sedentary lifestyle, are the main causes of increasing type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence worldwide (LEE, H.K. et al., 2010). Diabetes is usually accompanied by hypertension, lipid disorders and obesity. The aim of this study isto show that combination exercise is effective. It will compare T2D and non-diabetes (ND) volunteers doing combination exercise consisting of resistance and cycling. The interventions are minor and fairly short consisting of 12 episodes of exercise over 6 weeks, yet this was enough to produce measurable change and improvement. This included the re-categorization of two T2D volunteers to being ND, using normal metrics. Method: in each exercise session the participant should perform a combined exercise program consists of 30 min of resistance exercise followed by 20 min moderate cycling. This is done twice a week for 6 weeks. At the beginning of each session the participants have to stretch-up for 11 steps of stretching, then he/she must cycle for five minutes to warm up. The RE consist of 3 sets, in each set the volunteer performed (squat, chest, back, biceps and triceps) 10 times. HbA1c, lipid profile, weight, BMI, waist and lung capacity also measured at baseline and the 12th exercise session. OGTT were done at the beginning, after 1st session and finally after session 12. Moreover, BG and HR measured before exercise, after 1st, 2ndand 3rd RE then after 10 and 20 minutes of AE. BP also checked before exercise after RE and then after AE. RPE were checked after 1st, 2nd and 3rd RE as well as after 10 and 20 minutes AE. Blood samples collected at base line after these sessions (S1, S2, S4, S6, S8, S10 and S12), centrifuge and refrigerate the plasma to be analysed later by a commercially-available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by The Evidence Investigator™ Biochip Array technology (Randox, UK). Results: After just six weeks, there was a reduction in the HbA1c level for the T2D volunteers which is significant (P= 0.000). Moreover, in ND the reduction was also significant (P= 0.000). In T2D, the OGTT result shows that the AUC of BG for the 1st OGTT was (30.55±2.5 mmol/L/h) but then decreased in the 2nd and 3rd OGTT, finally decreasing to (24.4±1.9 mmol/L/h). This reduction reflects a clear improvement in the IS in T2D. It shows that the reduction of BG in the OGTT after chronic effect of exercise was better than acute effect (after the first session). Meanwhile in ND, the AUC for the 1st OGTT was (14.9±3.2 mmol/L/h) and although became (13.9±3.0 mmol/L/h) in the 2nd OGTT returned to the original in the third reading. In the T2D group who are using (Metformin and SGT2-I group), their result shows elevation in GLP-1 in the assessment of both acute and chronic effect of the programme. GLP-1 in this group was (3.9±1.5) and increased to (8.4±1.2), (P= 0.345) after S1 and then increased more to (11.0±0.8), (P=0.196) after 6 weeks of exercise. Conclusion: In T2D and ND combination exercise has a beneficial effect on HbA1c, the improvement was higher in T2D. The anthropometric variables (weight, waist, BMI and lung capacity) improved significantly as well in T2D and ND. OGTT shows a very significant improvement of BG and insulin level in both groups that was higher in T2D, which shows that there was an improvement in insulin sensitivity. Exercise is also important to improve GLP-1 secretion. Despite the range of studies on incretin undertaken here, still there is a need to compare the effect of exercise and different types of pharmacological therapy on GLP1. This study compared the effect of exercise on T2D plus medication in volunteers. It has been found that within T2D group only Metformin and SGT2-I group was improved. Both SGLT2 inhibitors and metformin have been found to affect body weight and this may explain the improvement of GLP-1 level, suggesting an area for future investigation. Finally, exercise has different effect on the inflammatory markers, it shows elevation of IL-6 in T2D after 6 weeks of exercise. CRP represent significant reduction after 6 weeks as well which illustrates that exercise has good impact in decreasing inflammation by reducing CRP. Moreover, there is a little published data on the effect of exercise and medication type on the inflammatory markers. The present study illustrates a significant reduction in Cystatin C after 6 weeks within T2D group who are using (metformin and DDP4-I). Therefore, there is increasing concern that some medication plus exercise improve inflammatory markers which need further investigations

Artificial Intelligence: Uses and Misuses

Artificial Intelligence (AI) was mostly regarded as science-fiction in the past but with the recent advancements in technology, it has silently crept into our lives. From social media to computer games to self-driving cars to military gadgets to personal digital assistants, AI is everywhere. This progress is also due to a paradigm shift in AI community where current trend is to make AI stronger in specific domains rather than making a human-like AI which can do anything. Resultantly, AI can now out-perform humans in many areas. But this progress of AI is scary for some people who are predicting the 201C;rise of machines201D; in half a century or so if AI progress remains unbridled

The influence of participative leadership on employee performance: a case of the public sector in Saudi Arabia

Most public organizations in Saudi Arabia currently face leadership problems such as the inability to meet organizational performance targets, low productivity, and poor motivation. This study presents a critical analysis of the extent to which a participative leadership style could help improve these leadership challenges in the Saudi Arabia public sector organizations. Its main objective was to determine the impact participative leadership has on employee performance in the Saudi Arabia public sector. It focused on analyzing the positive impact the participative leadership approach has on employee performance that contributes to enhanced employee performance and organizational performance. However, the participative leadership approach represents the independent variable for the study while employee performance is the dependent variable. In this case, performance refers to the capacity to combine the correct behavior skills in order to aid in the attainment and objectives of an organization. It entails quality and quantity of work as well as the workers\u27 capabilities. This study used a quantitative research method. The population of interest in this study was employees from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Saudi Arabia. The total number of the participants was 110 employees and all of them worked for more than 1 year by the time the study was conducted. This study utilized an online survey for collecting primary data. For 1 week, the study collected data from 110 respondents whose information is kept confidential through online survey questionnaires in English and Arabic. The anticipated outcome from the study and existing research was that workers who experience or perceive to experience participative leadership in the Saudi Arabia public sector perform better than other workers by completing more organizational goals through quality work and teamwork within a supportive workplace environment

Role of Influenza Vaccine in Preventing Covid-19 Complications

current research has insinuated that prior immunization to pathogens like influenza and tuberculosis may bestow some armor against COVID-19. Conlon and his colleagues (2021) go further to state that an assessment of over 19000 COVID-19 patients in non-cohort research from Brazil got a 17% diminished odds of death, 8% reduced odds of demand for intensive care medicine, and 18% decreased odds of aggressive respiratory assistance in individuals who obtained an influenza inoculation. Sta?czak-Mrozek and his colleagues (2021) stated that even though their research did not permit them to assume the beneficial effects of influenza inoculation on the incidence and brutality of the COVID-19 virus. So in this article, we aim to explore the possible influence of influenza vaccine in order to prevent covid 19 complications