Design And Practical Implementation Of Harmonic-Transponder Sensors

Harmonic radar is a nonlinear detection technology that transmits and receives radio-frequency (RF) signals at orthogonal frequencies, so as to suppress the undesired clutters, echoes and electromagnetic interreferences due to multipath scattering. Its implementation generally comprises a nonlinear tag (i.e, a harmonic transponder), which picks the interrogation signal at specific fundamental frequency (f0) and converts it into a high/sub-harmonic signal (nf0). Such a technology has been successfully applied to tracking small insects and detection of electrically-small objects in the rich-scattering environment. Similarly, a harmonic sensor is used to interrogate electrically-small and passive sensors, of which the magnitude and peak frequency of output harmonics (e.g., second harmonic) are functions of the parameter to be sensed. A harmonic tag or sensor comprises one or multiple antennas, a frequency modulator, a sensor, a microchip and matching networks. Here, we propose and experimentally validate compact, low-cost, low-profile, and conformal hybrid-fed microstrip antennas for the harmonics-based radar and sensor systems. The proposed 98 microstrip antennas are based on a simple single-layered and hybrid-feed structure. By optimizing the feed position and the geometry of microstrip patch, the fundamental mode and particular higher-order modes can be excited at the fundamental frequency and the second harmonic. We have derived the analytical expressions for calculating the antennas’ resonant frequencies, which have been verified with numerical simulations and measurements. Our results show that the proposed hybrid-feed, single-layered microstrip antennas, although having a compact size and a low profile, can achieve descent realized gain (1.2 – 3.5 dB), good impedance matching (return loss \u3c -15 dB), high isolation (\u3c-20 dB), and favorable co/cross-polarization properties. The proposed microstrip antennas may benefit various size-restricted harmonic transponders used for harmonic radars, harmonic sensors, medical implants, passive radio-frequency identification (RFID), and internet-of-things (IoT) applications

An Artificial Neural Network Framework to Predict Patients with High Likelihood of Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important health and healthcare system problem. The ability to predict which patients will develop CKD is a difficult task due to the complex nonlinear relationships among related factors. Using artificial neural networks (ANN), applied to a population 17 through 90 years of age, we achieved 97% accuracy in classification, based on standard laboratory test and patient data. The technique was also helpful in determining which features of the data are most predictive; 75% of the features were sufficient to reach this high level of accuracy

Investigate the Customer's Understanding of the Billboard Advertisements

The topic of this project is INVESTIGATE THE CUSTOMER'S UNDERSTANDING OF THE BILLBOARD ADVERTISEMENTS. The main purpose of this study focuses on the issue of investigating whether understanding of pictorial, text, and overall message and Keller model for Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction (A.R.C.S) differ by gender, race, and age. This study was conducted on a different billboards located in Kedah State, Malaysia. The study also emphasises that both Gestalt theory and visuals on billboard have a dimensional effects in terms of the image, text, and overall messages of the billboards. The findings reported that there were significant differences in understanding of pictorial elements and overall messages by gender with females reporting significantly higher means than males, but there was no significant difference in understanding of textual elements by gender, race, and age. Meanwhile, the result indicated that the mean scores of females towards understanding billboards were significantly highe

Vibrations of a Single Degree Freedom System

The purpose of the present experiment is to analyse the effect of damping, mass and spring on a system The objectives of the presented experiment are as follows - To determine the natural frequency of the single-degree of freedom (SDOF) system. - To determine the damping parameters of the dashpot. - To determine the effects of damping, mass, and stiffness on the system response. - To compare the measured results with simulated results in Simulink

The Role of Formal Institutional Support On Starting A Business: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

This thesis explores and examines the role of formal institutional support for early stage entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia. Although entrepreneurship literature has attracted a considerable amount of attention, the relationships between the regulatory, cognitive and normative dimensions of the institutional profile, and support for entrepreneurship and business performance have been under-explored in prior research, in particular in the context of early stage entrepreneurs within a developing economy such as Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the main research question is approached via six sub-questions, which explore the most important reasons for starting a business, the types of institutional support used by early stage entrepreneurs, the relationship between early stage entrepreneurial ideas and the provision of institutional/entrepreneurial support, the relationship between institutional support and early stage business performance, the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in accessing the available institutional supports, and how these challenges can be overcome to enhance entrepreneurship in the context of Saudi Arabia. The study takes a two-stage mixed methods approach to data collection. First, a large panel data set was acquired from early stage entrepreneurs involved in support programmes in Saudi Arabia. A survey of early stage entrepreneurs who were involved in support programmes in the main cities in Saudi Arabia produced a response rate of 27% (n = 117). The purpose of this first stage was to explore the role of formal institutional support for early stage entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, and to inform the second, qualitative stage. In the second stage, a group of support institution officials (n = 13) and early stage entrepreneurs (n = 7) were selected for qualitative data collection, using semi-structured interviews, aiming to gain deeper understanding of support agencies’ impact on entrepreneurs and to explore how participants view the process of application for support. The main findings of the study are that the most important reasons that motivate entrepreneurs for starting a business is taking advantage of opportunity. The main types of institutional support used by early stage entrepreneurs are consultation, finance and networking. Findings also showed there is a positive relationship between early stage entrepreneurial ideas and the provision of institutional support and a positive relationship was found between institutional support, especially the regulatory dimension, and early stage business performance. The main challenges faced by entrepreneurs in accessing support in Saudi Arabia are lack of access and poor quality of education and training, bureaucracy, and lack of access to finance, while the main challenges faced by support institutions are lack of awareness of support for entrepreneurship and lack of access to data. The challenge that faced both is institutions working in isolation from each other. This thesis proposed modifications to a number of entrepreneurship models (Bhave, 1994; Shane, 2003; GEM, 2005), and offers recommendations to entrepreneurs, institution officials and policy makers to enhance support for entrepreneurship

Two Axis Solar System

For several hours of service, stationary solar energy systems produce less than their maximum power output. This is because solar panels produce their highest peak power while they are perpendicular to the sun's light, which occurs only for a brief period of time during the day while the panel is stationary. Solar tracking systems have been around for a long time and solve this problem. Some systems use light sensor arrays to monitor the sun's light intensity, while others depend on mathematical models with no external sensors that simply set the angle of the panel at specific times during the day. This project's engineering design phase is split into two semesters, with the first semester's design process having already been detailed in the first article. The aim of this document is to show how to develop, test, and analyse a low-cost solar tracking system primary design that best addresses the problem statement

Intractable epilepsy in South African children based on criteria defined by the international league against epilepsy (ILAE)

Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references

Risk Determinants and Investment Decisions: An Explanatory Study

This research suggest a general framework to help understating Jordanian investors’ disposition towards risk orientation, where risk attributes is a fundamental issue in creating monetary choices. This research examines various financial risk tolerance and investment orientation of investors in Jordan, where this study investigate whether demographic factors influence the financial risk tolerance and investment orientations. The research utilizes a randomly selected sample of 106 individual investors trading in the financial market of Jordan.  The findings of the statistical analysis has confirmed that a high average risk orientation is related with higher income level and higher education level. The empirical investigation have had revealed that the demographic variables that have a substantial influence on investor’s risk orientations are income level, Age, and education level. Keywords: Risk attributes, financial decisions, investment choices, path analysis, PLS methods

A Requirement Model For Online Web-Based Car Loan Management System For UUM Bursary

The current century have witnessed several major technological renaissances and many technological achievements as well, which led to a competition among many countries to adapt this new trends. In fact Malaysia had improved the infrastructure needed in the information and communication technology area, in order to provide the universities with the modern technologies. Therefore the use of the technology becomes available inside the universities which make it more effective. The staffs have to come personally to the bursary to apply for car loan. And they are facing many difficulties when they intend to fill the application form for car loan. Applicant has to fill data twice; therefore, take a long time and a large quantity of papers is needed. This research introduces a prototype "Web Based Car Loan Management System" to help in solving the problems or the difficulties of the traditional system (manual system), the study will use the methodology for this study is based on the general methodology in research design, because it is have the logical phases that used to develop a prototype for car loan management web based system and algorithm was developed to help facilitate decision making of the car loan process. Finally, the system is tested and the result confirms that the proposed system is capable to manage a successful completion of car loan process