New Method for Estimation Mebeverine Hydrochloride Drugs Preparation by a New Analyser: Ayah 6S.X1(WSLEDs)-T.- Two Solar Cells Complied with C.F.I.A

          تم استخدام طريقة تعكرية حساسة (0-180 درجة) لتقدير المبفرين الهيدروكلورايد في الادوية من قبل اثنين من الخلايا الشمسية وستة مصادر من .Ayah 6.S.X1-T-2.D تعمل هذه الطريقة الى تكوين مركب زوج للون الموزي الوردي يترسب بتفاعل مبفرين هيدروكلورايد مع حمض الفوسفوتونجستيك. تم قياس التعكرية عن طريق انعكاس الضوء الساقط الذي يصطدم بسطح دقائق الراسب بزواية 0-180 درجة. العلاقة الخطية لمنحني المعايرة للمبفرين هيدروكلورايد تمتد 12-0.5  مللي مول. لتر-1 , حدود الكشف (S/N = 3) (521.92=SB نانو غم/ انموذج من التخفيف التدريجي لاقل تركيز مع معامل الارتباط r = 0.9966 بينما كان RSD% اقل من 1% لتركيز 2, 6 مللي مول/لتر من المبفرين هيدروكلورايد. تم تطبيق الطريقة بنجاح لتقدير الدواء المستهدف في ثلاث تركيبات دوائية مختلفة. تم دراسة مقارنة باستخدام اختبار t. كان يظهر أنه لا يوجد فرق كبير بين قيمتين.A sensitivity-turbidimetric method at (0-180o) was used for detn. of mebeverine in drugs by two solar cell and six source with C.F.I.A... The method was based on the formation of ion pair for the pinkish banana color precipitate by the reaction of Mebeverine hydrochloride with Phosphotungstic acid. Turbidity was measured via the reflection of incident light that collides on the surface particles of precipitated at 0-180o. All variables were optimized. The linearity ranged of Mebeverine hydrochloride was 0.05-12.5mmol.L-1, the L.D. (S/N= 3) (3SB) was 521.92 ng/sample depending on dilution for the minimum concentration, with correlation coefficient r = 0.9966while was R.S.D% < 1% of 2, 6 mmol.L-1 conc. of Mebeverine hydrochloride. The method is used successfully for three different of target drugs in three different pharmaceutical formulations. A comparison using t-test was studied. It was shown that there is no significant difference between two values

Sedimentological and diagenetic study of the Early Middle Miocene Jeribe Limestone Formation in selected wells from Iraq northern oilfields (Ajil; Hamrin; Jadid; Khashab)

Five subsurface sections covering the entire length of the Jeribe Limestone Formation (Early Middle Miocene) were studied from four oilfields in northern Iraq. It is hoped to unravel this formation microfacies ; depositional environment; diagenetic attributes and their parental processes; and the relationship between these processes and the observed porosity patterns. The microfacies were found to include mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone, which have been deposited respectively in open platform, restricted platform, and edge platform which represent the lagoonal environment, while the deposits of the lower parts of the Jeribe formation especially in well Hamrin- 2 reflect a deeper fore slope environment. By using the lithofacies association concepts, the depositional model of the Jeribe Formation was built. From a reservoir point of view, the formation suffered from two groups of diagenetic processes. The first one includes the porosity destructive ones such as cementation; compaction; mechanical degradation; anhydritization; and silicification. The second group include porosity enhancers ones which to include dissolution; and dolomitization

Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RN) Gene Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR) Polymorphism Association in men Infertility in Erbil City /Kurdistan Iraq

عائلة الحريك الخلوي -1 لها أدوار متعددة في الجهاز التناسلي الذكري، ومن بينها مضادات مستقبلات الحريك الخلوي -1 (IL-1RN) الموجودة في الغدد التناسلية الذكرية، حيث تزداد نشاطها عند الاصابات بالعدوى والالتهاب. تهدف الدراسة الحالية إلى التحقق من وجود صلة محتملة لتعدد الأشكال المترادفة المترادفة (VNTR) للجين IL-1RN مع العقم عند الذكور. شملت مجموعات الدراسة المسجلين 100 من الرجال المصابين بالعقم و 100 من الرجال الأصحاء. حيث تم تحليل السوائل المنوية للمجموعات المشاركة. تم جمع عينات الدم المحيطي لتقييم أو الكشف عن تعدد الأشكال المترادفة المترادفة (VNTR) لجين مضادات مستقبلات الحريك الخلوي -1 (IL-1RN) لنمطين من الاليلاتأليل IL-1RN1 يتوافق مع 410 زوج قاعديIL-11RN2 يتوافق مع 240وج قاعدي كعلامة على العقم عند الذكور، باستخدام تقنية PCR حددت النتائج ارتفاع وتيرة التغاير الاليلي IL-1RN2   (26٪) ، واثنين من التغاير الاليلي VNTR ناقلات IL-1RN1 و IL-1RN2  (16٪) من الرجال المصابين بالعقم مع تأثيرات كبيرة على حركة الحيوانات المنوية واشكالها (P<0.000-0.002) على التوالي. هذه الدراسة التى تم تقييمها في إقليم كردستان (أربيل – العراق) والتى حددت تأثيراً كبيراً لتعدد الأشكال المترادفة المتعاقبة VNTR لجين IL-1RN في مسببات العقم عند الذكور خاصة على حركية الحيوانات المنوية واشكالها، ولا سيما ناقلات أليلية البديل IL-1RN2.The interleukin-1 family has multifaceted roles in men٫s reproductive syste. Out  of these is interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) which exists in men gonads, and in case of infection and inflammatory process, its activity is increased.  The current study aims to verify a possible linkage of Variable Number Tandem Repeat (VNTR) polymorphism of the IL-1RN gene with human men infertility. The study groups enrolled included 100 infertile men and 100 fertile and healthy men. Their seminal fluids were subjected to analysis. Also peripheral blood samples were collected for the assessment or detection of polymorphic Variable Number  Tandem Repeats (VNTR) polymorphism of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN). Two alleles, namely IL-1RN1 allele corresponding to 410bp fragment and IL-11RN2 that corresponding to 240bp fragments,  are a marker for human men infertility, detected by PCR technique. The results delineated a high frequency of IL-1RN2 allelic gene variants (26%), and two VNTR allelic gene variants carriers IL-1RN1 and IL-1RN2 (16%) among  infertile men with significant impacts on sperm motility and morphology (P< 0.000-0.002) respectively. This prospective study inKurdistan region (Erbil –Iraq)  defined a significant impact of VNTR polymorphism of IL-1RN gene in the etiology of men infertility especially on sperm motility and morphology; particularly carriers of IL-1RN2 allelic variant

Resistin , Insulin resistance and BMI in type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects.

Background : Obesity and insulin resistance have been quite well recognized as fundamental and leading causes of major health issues such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Abdominal obesity, particularly visceral adiposity is considered to play a major role in causing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus , T2DM The resistin is considered one of the causes of insulin resistance which lead to hyperinsulinemia and a decrease in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (Quicki) which has been recently reported to be a useful marker of insulin resistance in patients with T2DM. Objective : The aim of the present study is to find the relationship between resistin and obesity as modulated by T2DM. Subjects and methods : The study involved 50 patients with T2DM with age range of 30 -70 years , and 30 healthy subjects ( control group ) of matching age and sex. Ten mLs of blood were collected from each patient and normal control subject after an overnight fast . One mL. was kept in an EDTA tube for mesureement of glycated Hb ( HbA1c) and the rest was allowed to clot , centrifuged and serum was divided into aliquots . Some was kept at (- 20 oC ) for measurement of resistin and insulin ( by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay , ELISA) and the rest for measurement of glucose , urea and creatinine ( by the available routine laboratory tests ) at the same day of collection. Results showed a significant rise in serum resistin in the obese diabetic patients as compared to the non obese patients. There are significant correlations between resistin and each of insulin resistance ( Quicki ) and degree of obesity (BMI) . Conclusion : Resistin & insulin resistance are significantly affected by BMI in diabetic patients only and not in the control group which implies that the obese control subjects didn’t have insulin resistances enough to show any change in resistin level. This confirms the synergistic effect of the obesity and diabetes on resistin level, while no effect of the disease per se could be detected from the present study

A new monoclonal antibody detects downregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type γ in chronic myeloid leukemia patients

Background: Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor gamma (PTPRG) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family known to act as a tumor suppressor gene in many different neoplasms with mechanisms of inactivation including mutations and methylation of CpG islands in the promoter region. Although a critical role in human hematopoiesis and an oncosuppressor role in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have been reported, only one polyclonal antibody (named chPTPRG) has been described as capable of recognizing the native antigen of this phosphatase by flow cytometry. Protein biomarkers of CML have not yet found applications in the clinic, and in this study, we have analyzed a group of newly diagnosed CML patients before and after treatment. The aim of this work was to characterize and exploit a newly developed murine monoclonal antibody specific for the PTPRG extracellular domain (named TPγ B9-2) to better define PTPRG protein downregulation in CML patients. Methods: TPγ B9-2 specifically recognizes PTPRG (both human and murine) by flow cytometry, western blotting, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Co-localization experiments performed with both anti-PTPRG antibodies identified the presence of isoforms and confirmed protein downregulation at diagnosis in the Philadelphia-positive myeloid lineage (including CD34+/CD38bright/dim cells). After effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment, its expression recovered in tandem with the return of Philadelphia-negative hematopoiesis. Of note, PTPRG mRNA levels remain unchanged in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) non-responder patients, confirming that downregulation selectively occurs in primary CML cells. Conclusions: The availability of this unique antibody permits its evaluation for clinical application including the support for diagnosis and follow-up of these disorders. Evaluation of PTPRG as a potential therapeutic target is also facilitated by the availability of a specific reagent capable to specifically detect its target in various experimental conditions

Patterns of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium in a highly structured Hordeum vulgare association-mapping population for the Mediterranean basin

Population structure and genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) were investigated in 192 Hordeum vulgare accessions providing a comprehensive coverage of past and present barley breeding in the Mediterranean basin, using 50 nuclear microsatellite and 1,130 DArT® markers. Both clustering and principal coordinate analyses clearly sub-divided the sample into five distinct groups centred on key ancestors and regions of origin of the germplasm. For given genetic distances, large variation in LD values was observed, ranging from closely linked markers completely at equilibrium to marker pairs at 50 cM separation still showing significant LD. Mean LD values across the whole population sample decayed below r 2 of 0.15 after 3.2 cM. By assaying 1,130 genome-wide DArT® markers, we demonstrated that, after accounting for population substructure, current genome coverage of 1 marker per 1.5 cM except for chromosome 4H with 1 marker per 3.62 cM is sufficient for whole genome association scans. We show, by identifying associations with powdery mildew that map in genomic regions known to have resistance loci, that associations can be detected in strongly stratified samples provided population structure is effectively controlled in the analysis. The population we describe is, therefore, shown to be a valuable resource, which can be used in basic and applied research in barle

Effect of aging on growth hormone-leptin axis in normal and obese healthy subjects

Background: Growth hormone is a hormone responsible for the normal body growth and development by stimulation protein production in muscle cells and energy release for breakdown of fat. On the other hand leptin is a newly discovered hormone that is mainly synthesized in adipose tissues it decreases food intake by causing satiety and promoting energy combustion . Both aging and obesity are associated with a reduction in growth hormone secretion. In the mean time obese humans have increased circulating leptin. Objective: The aim of this paper is to shed light on the contribution of these two hormones in the mechanism of aging process in an attempt of improving this process for a better life at old ages. Sera from blood samples were used to carry out certain biochemical parameters and hormone (growth hormone and leptin). Results: The results obtained show a decrease in the level of growth hormone with progression of age. In the mean time there is an increase in the level of serum leptin with the advancement of age. Aging is usually associated with adiposity. Increasing fat with age is probably multifactorial one potential mechanism for that is reduced leptin transport across blood-brain barrier..  Conclusion: The increase in leptin level which was observed in elderly age group and obese group suggest that the associated decrease in growth hormone serum level is related to obesity in general and in particular to the aging process

Hepatoprotective Effect of Captopril on Liver Toxicity Induced by High and Low Dose of Paracetamol in Rats:Histological Study

Many patients may administered medications like captopril (ACE inhibitor) for treatment of chronic diseases and may also take Paracetamol as an Over The Counter (OTC) drug which may interact with captopril. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate of the hepatoprotective effect of captopril on liver toxicity induced by low and high dose of paracetamol in rats. This study was conducted in two phases: first study for low dose of paracetamol (300 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were treated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS), captopril 20 mg/kg, paracetamol 300 mg/kg or captopril 20 mg/kg plus paracetamol 300 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days. Second study for single high dose of paracetamol (3000 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were pretreated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS) or captopril 20 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days followed by single oral administration of Paracetamol 3000 mg/kg or normal saline. The administration of Paracetamol or normal saline was performed 24 hours after the last administration of captopril. After 48 hours of hepatic injury induction, the animals were then sacrificed and the liver was removed for histopathological studies. Low dose (300 mg/kg) for 10 days and high single dose (3000 mg/kg) of paracetamol produced hepatotoxic effects. While captopril 20 mg/kg showed marked protection against changes induced by low and high dose of paracetamol on the liver

Mapping adaptation of barley to droughted environments

Identifying barley genomic regions influencing the response of yield and its components to water deficits will aid in our understanding of the genetics of drought tolerance and the development of more drought tolerant cultivars. We assembled a population of 192 genotypes that represented landraces, old, and contemporary cultivars sampling key regions around the Mediterranean basin and the rest of Europe. The population was genotyped with a stratified set of 50 genomic and EST derived molecular markers, 49 of which were Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs), which revealed an underlying population sub-structure that corresponded closely to the geographic regions in which the genotypes were grown. A more dense whole genome scan was generated by using Diversity Array Technology (DArT®) to generate 1130 biallelic markers for the population. The population was grown at two contrasting sites in each of seven Mediterranean countries for harvest 2004 and 2005 and grain yield data collected. Mean yield levels ranged from 0.3 to 6.2 t/ha, with highly significant genetic variation in low-yielding environments. Associations of yield with barley genomic regions were then detected by combining the DArT marker data with the yield data in mixed model analyses for the individual trials, followed by multiple regression of yield on markers to identify a multi-locus subset of significant markers/QTLs. QTLs exhibiting a pre-defined consistency across environments were detected in bins 4, 6, 6 and 7 on barley chromosomes 3H, 4H, 5H and 7H respectivel