A Common Left Occipito-Temporal Dysfunction in Developmental Dyslexia and Acquired Letter-By-Letter Reading?

We used fMRI to examine functional brain abnormalities of German-speaking dyslexics who suffer from slow effortful reading but not from a reading accuracy problem. Similar to acquired cases of letter-by-letter reading, the developmental cases exhibited an abnormal strong effect of length (i.e., number of letters) on response time for words and pseudowords.Corresponding to lesions of left occipito-temporal (OT) regions in acquired cases, we found a dysfunction of this region in our developmental cases who failed to exhibit responsiveness of left OT regions to the length of words and pseudowords. This abnormality in the left OT cortex was accompanied by absent responsiveness to increased sublexical reading demands in phonological inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) regions. Interestingly, there was no abnormality in the left superior temporal cortex which--corresponding to the onological deficit explanation--is considered to be the prime locus of the reading difficulties of developmental dyslexia cases.The present functional imaging results suggest that developmental dyslexia similar to acquired letter-by-letter reading is due to a primary dysfunction of left OT regions

Forced Hepatic Overexpression of CEACAM1 Curtails Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) regulates insulin sensitivity by promoting hepatic insulin clearance. Liver-specific inactivation or global null-mutation of Ceacam1 impairs hepatic insulin extraction to cause chronic hyperinsulinemia, resulting in insulin resistance and visceral obesity. In this study we investigated whether diet-induced insulin resistance implicates changes in hepatic CEACAM1. We report that feeding C57/BL6J mice a high-fat diet reduced hepatic CEACAM1 levels by >50% beginning at 21 days, causing hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and elevation in hepatic triacylglycerol content. Conversely, liver-specific inducible CEACAM1 expression prevented hyperinsulinemia and markedly limited insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation that were induced by prolonged high-fat intake. This was partly mediated by increased hepatic β-fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure. The data demonstrate that the high-fat diet reduced hepatic CEACAM1 expression and that overexpressing CEACAM1 in liver curtailed diet-induced metabolic abnormalities by protecting hepatic insulin clearance

A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people

Background: Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people may be at higher risk of mental disorders than heterosexual people.Method: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of mental disorder, substance misuse, suicide, suicidal ideation and deliberate self harm in LGB people. We searched Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl, the Cochrane Library Database, the Web of Knowledge, the Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, the International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Sociological Abstracts, the Campbell Collaboration and grey literature databases for articles published January 1966 to April 2005. We also used Google and Google Scholar and contacted authors where necessary. We searched all terms related to homosexual, lesbian and bisexual people and all terms related to mental disorders, suicide, and deliberate self harm. We included papers on population based studies which contained concurrent heterosexual comparison groups and valid definition of sexual orientation and mental health outcomes.Results: Of 13706 papers identified, 476 were initially selected and 28 (25 studies) met inclusion criteria. Only one study met all our four quality criteria and seven met three of these criteria. Data was extracted on 214,344 heterosexual and 11,971 non heterosexual people. Meta-analyses revealed a two fold excess in suicide attempts in lesbian, gay and bisexual people [ pooled risk ratio for lifetime risk 2.47 (CI 1.87, 3.28)]. The risk for depression and anxiety disorders (over a period of 12 months or a lifetime) on meta-analyses were at least 1.5 times higher in lesbian, gay and bisexual people (RR range 1.54-2.58) and alcohol and other substance dependence over 12 months was also 1.5 times higher (RR range 1.51-4.00). Results were similar in both sexes but meta analyses revealed that lesbian and bisexual women were particularly at risk of substance dependence (alcohol 12 months: RR 4.00, CI 2.85, 5.61; drug dependence: RR 3.50, CI 1.87, 6.53; any substance use disorder RR 3.42, CI 1.97-5.92), while lifetime prevalence of suicide attempt was especially high in gay and bisexual men (RR 4.28, CI 2.32, 7.88).Conclusion: LGB people are at higher risk of mental disorder, suicidal ideation, substance misuse, and deliberate self harm than heterosexual people

طيف الميكروويف لجزيئات 13CH3C15N and 13CH313C15N مدى التردد من 17 - 95 جيجا هيرتز

Some microwave frequencies of the v^ + Vg vibrational combination band for the two isotopes CH^C N and CH^ C N of methyl cyanide were measured in the frequency range 17-95 GHz, for the transitions AJ = 1<-0, AJ = 2<-1, AJ = 3<-2, AJ = 5<-4. Good agreement was found between experimental and theoretical values except for the components of quantum numbers k = l = ± 1 for each J. These components show a large departure between experimental and theoretical values, which attribute to two fermi resonances between v, and v^ + Vg, also between Vg and v^ + Vg vibrational states.بعض تردد الميكروويف 13CH3C15N and 13CH313C15N من ميثايل في مدى التردد الاهتزازي للمركبة v7 + v8 قد قيست في النطاق الترددي ما بين 17-95 GHZ للتنقلات 4←5=J∆ , 2←3= J∆ , 1←2= J∆ , 0←1= J∆ هذا وقد وجد توافق جيد بين التجارب العملية والقيم النظرية المتوقعة لمركبات الأعداد الكمية 1±=1=K لكل J . هذه المركبات أظهرت فرق شاسع بين النتائج النظرية و النتائج العملية و التي ساهمت في نوعين من رنين فيرمي للحالات الاهتزازية ما بين V3 و V7+ V8 وما بين V6 و V7 + V8

ANOMALOUS BEHAVIOUR IN THE ROTATIONAL SPECTRUM OF THE V8=2V_{8} = 2 AND 3 VIBRATION FOR THE 12CH313C15N{^{12}} CH_{3} {^{13}}C^{15}N MOLECULE IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 17-95 gHz

$^{\ast}$ This work supported in part by grant B-842 of the Robert A. Welch Foundation, Houston, Texas.Author Institution: University of North Texas; University of KansasThe methyl cyanide molecule was studied in the $v_{8} = 2$ and 3 vibrations, for rotational energy levels with $1 \leqslant J \leqslant 5$ to establish the trend in the energy level in the frequency range 17 to 95 gHz. Anomalous behaviour in the $^{12}CH_{3} {^{13}}C^{15}N$ rotational spectrum of the $V_{8} = 3$ vibration for the $(K=\pm 1) (\ell = \pm 1)$ components with large frequency departures, $=6(J+1) MHz$, from a standard model were investigated to determine what interactions were at play which had been ignorable in ${^{13}}CH_{3} {^{12}}C^{15}N$ molecule. The method of isotopic substitution enabled the molecular system to be ``tuned'' so that resonant interactions could be explored in more detail for each of the molecules. These large departures are explained using a basic molecular model in which accidentally strong resonances (ASR) are at play

ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION-ROTATION SPECTRA IN ν10=1\nu_{10}=1 AND 2 AND THE ν9=1\nu_{9}=1 AND 3 VIBRATIONS OF THE DEUTERATED (CD3CCD)(CD_{3}CCD) MOLECULE FOR THE ΔJ=3←2\Delta J=3\leftarrow 2 AND δJ=2←1\delta J=2 \leftarrow 1 ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS

Author Institution: Faculte des Sciences Semlalia, Marakesh; Department of Physics, Mu'tah University; Department of Physics, Kyungsung University; Department of Physics, University of Bahrain; Department of Physics, University of Norh TexasMeasurements of low J components of the vibration-rotation spectra of $CD_{3}CCD$ propyne were used to obtain some of the vibration-rotational constants for this molecules. Results on components observed in the ground, $v_{10}=1$ and 2 and $v_{9}=1$ and 3 vibrations were compared with those obtained in other laboratories for high J spectral components and used to refine some of the rotational parameters. Additional spectra were observed in the 90 GHz range for the comparison with other available data

VIBRATION-ROTATION COMPONENTS IN ν10=1\nu_{10} = 1 AND 2 AND THE ν9=1\nu_{9} = 1 AND 3 VIBRATIONS OF THE DEUTERATED (CD3CCDCD_{3}CCD) MOLECULE FOR THE ΔJ=3←2\Delta J = 3\leftarrow 2 AND ΔJ=2←1\Delta J = 2\leftarrow 1 ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS

Author Institution: Faculte des Sciences Semlalia; Department of Physics, Mu'tah University; Department of Physis, Kyungsung University; Department of Physics, University of North TexasMeasurements made on some low J components of the vibration rotation spectra of $CD_{3}CCD$ propyne were used to refine some of the rotational constants for the molecule in the vibrational states-Rotational components in the ground, $\nu_{10}-1$ and 2 and $\nu_{9} = 1$ and 3 vibrations were measured and analysed in this work. These results are compared with those obtained in other laboratories for high J spectral components in this molecule and used to refine some of the rotational parameters