The perceptions of specific needs among a discourse community of ESP learners : whether these relate to their achievement, attitudes and motivation

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Oxidative stress contributes to cobalt oxide nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human hepatocarcinoma cells.

BackgroundCobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co(3)O(4)NPs) are increasingly recognized for their utility in biological applications, magnetic resonance imaging, and drug delivery. However, little is known about the toxicity of Co(3)O(4)NPs in human cells.MethodsWe investigated the possible mechanisms of genotoxicity induced by Co(3)O(4)NPs in human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, apoptosis, and DNA damage were assessed in HepG2 cells after Co(3)O(4)NPs and Co(2+) exposure.ResultsCo(3)O(4)NPs elicited a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in glutathione with a concomitant increase in lipid hydroperoxide, ROS generation, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity after 24- and 48-hour exposure. Co(3)O(4)NPs had a mild cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells; however, it induced ROS and oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage, a probable mechanism of genotoxicity. The comet assay showed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) dose- and time-related increase in DNA damage for Co(3)O(4)NPs, whereas Co(2+) induced less change than Co(3)O(4)NPs but significantly more than control.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that Co(3)O(4)NPs induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in HepG2 cells through ROS and oxidative stress

GENDER-ROLE IDENTITY AMONG JORDANIAN MALE NURSING STUDENTS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

The objectives of the study were to describe the reasons for choosing nursing to study, gender role classification, and gender-role characteristics according to Bem sex-role inventory among male Jordanian nursing students recruited from two nursing schools in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was conducted using a self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of demographic information and Bem-sex role inventory. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations. Results revealed that the highest reported reason for choosing nursing to study was “I like the profession” (36.9 %) and the lowest reported reason was “The only specialty I got approval at the University” 3.3%. Results revealed that 43.44% of students were found to be masculine, 45.08% androgyny, 9.02% undifferentiated, and 2.46% were feminine. Results revealed also that nursing students’ masculine subscale had the higher average score (5.58) out of 7, followed that of the neutral subscale (5.25) and the feminine subscale (4.73). The study suggests that modification of the policies for recruitment of nursing students at the nursing schools in Jordan is needed to meet the gender- role requirements of the nursing profession to enhance male nurses’ retention and promotion in nursing

GENDER-ROLE IDENTITY AMONG JORDANIAN MALE NURSING STUDENTS: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

The objectives of the study were to describe the reasons for choosing nursing to study, gender role classification, and gender-role characteristics according to Bem sex-role inventory among male Jordanian nursing students recruited from two nursing schools in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was conducted using a self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of demographic information and Bem-sex role inventory. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations. Results revealed that the highest reported reason for choosing nursing to study was “I like the profession” (36.9 %) and the lowest reported reason was “The only specialty I got approval at the University” 3.3%. Results revealed that 43.44% of students were found to be masculine, 45.08% androgyny, 9.02% undifferentiated, and 2.46% were feminine. Results revealed also that nursing students’ masculine subscale had the higher average score (5.58) out of 7, followed that of the neutral subscale (5.25) and the feminine subscale (4.73). The study suggests that modification of the policies for recruitment of nursing students at the nursing schools in Jordan is needed to meet the gender- role requirements of the nursing profession to enhance male nurses’ retention and promotion in nursing

Borderline Personality Disorder: An Overview of History, Diagnosis and Treatment in Adolescents

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a cluster B personality disorder. It is characterized by erratic behaviors, emotional instability and one of its hallmarks is self injurious behavior, which starts in adolescence. Patients with BPD are difficult to treat, most have a history of child sexual abuse, about a quarter present with sexual abuse from a caretaker. Although personality disorders are diagnosed only in adults, BPD manifests itself in adolescence in the form of uncontrollable anger, self mutilations, dissociation and other such behaviors. Hence, there is a growing number of scientists discussing the possibility of diagnosing BPD in adolescents. Here, we give an overview of the history and development of BPD in general; and in the adolescent population in particular. We also touch upon pharmacological and clinical interventions available for patients being diagnosed and/or possessing traits of BPD