The equivalent medium for the elastic scattering by many small rigid bodies and applications

We deal with the elastic scattering by a large number $M$ of rigid bodies, $D_m:=\epsilon B_m+z_m$, of arbitrary shapes with $0<\textcolor{black}{\epsilon}<<1$ and with constant Lam\'e coefficients $\lambda$ and $\mu$. We show that, when these rigid bodies are distributed arbitrarily (not necessarily periodically) in a bounded region $\Omega$ of $\mathbb{R}^3$ where their number is $M:=M(\textcolor{black}{\epsilon}):=O(\textcolor{black}{\epsilon}^{-1})$ and the minimum distance between them is $d:=d(\textcolor{black}{\epsilon})\approx \textcolor{black}{\epsilon}^{t}$ with $t$ in some appropriate range, as $\textcolor{black}{\epsilon} \rightarrow 0$, the generated far-field patterns approximate the far-field patterns generated by an equivalent medium given by $\omega^2\rho I_3-(K+1)\mathbf{C}_0$ where $\rho$ is the density of the background medium (with $I_3$ as the unit matrix) and $(K+1)\mathbf{C}_0$ is the shifting (and possibly variable) coefficient. This shifting coefficient is described by the two coefficients $K$ and $\mathbf{C}_0$ (which have supports in $\overline{\Omega}$) modeling the local distribution of the small bodies and their geometries, respectively. In particular, if the distributed bodies have a uniform spherical shape then the equivalent medium is isotropic while for general shapes it might be anisotropic (i.e. $\mathbf{C}_0$ might be a matrix). In addition, if the background density $\rho$ is variable in $\Omega$ and $\rho =1$ in $\mathbb{R}^3\setminus{\overline{\Omega}}$, then if we remove from $\Omega$ appropriately distributed small bodies then the equivalent medium will be equal to $\omega^2 I_3$ in $\mathbb{R}^3$, i.e. the obstacle $\Omega$ characterized by $\rho$ is approximately cloaked at the given and fixed frequency $\omega$.Comment: 27pages, 2 figure

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Associated with Brucellosis in Livestock Owners in Jordan

We evaluated livestock owners' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding brucellosis in Jordan. A questionnaire was administered and biological samples were examined to verify the serological status of animals. Seroprevalence estimates indicated that 18.1% (95% CI: 11–25.3) of cattle herds and 34.3% (95% CI: 28.4–40.4) of small ruminant flocks were seropositive. The results showed that 100% of the interviewed livestock keepers were aware of brucellosis: 87% indicated a high risk of infection if unpasteurized milk is consumed and 75% indicated a high risk if unpasteurized dairy products are consumed. Awareness of the risk of infection through direct contact with fetal membranes or via physical contact with infected livestock is considerably lower, 19% and 13%, respectively. These knowledge gaps manifest in a high frequency of high-risk practices such as assisting in animal parturition (62%), disposing aborted fetuses without protective gloves (71.2%) or masks (65%), and not boiling milk before preparation of dairy products (60%). When brucellosis is suspected, basic hygiene practices are often disregarded and suspect animals are freely traded. Public health education should be enhanced as the disease is likely to remain endemic in the ruminant reservoir as long as a suitable compensation program is not established and trust on available vaccines is regained

Cultural Aspects of Arabicisation: Past and Present

The aim of this article is to examine the cultural dimensions of arabicisation, past and present. The article traces the rise and fall of arabicisation and its ramifications for science, knowledge, research and education in and through Arabic. Arabicisation has been at the heart of linguistic and cultural debate since the dawn of Islam, a debate intensified when the Arabs and their new religion came into contact with different civilizations and cultures. The rise of the Islamic empire in mediaeval times consolidated Arabic and Arab culture, attracting scholars from around the world to research different areas of science and knowledge through the medium of Arabic, which in turn became, and remained for centuries, the global donor language of knowledge and learning. With the decline of the Arab/Islamic empire, however, Arabic and Arab culture started to lose their world standing. Today, Arabic and its culture occupy a marginal position when compared to other languageslike English for instance. For different internal and external reasons, Arabic has lost its status as the major language of innovation and creative thinking. But this is not because it cannot handle the concepts of modern civilization or is unable to express them; rather the cultural position of Arabs seems to be the main reason. Instead of being the predominant language of science and technology, Arabic has been competed by other foreign languages in its own territories. The widespread use of European languages, the languages of the colonizing powers, has undermined its role. Furthermore, the lack of pan-Arab policies on language planning has contributed to the emergence of different and often disparate models of arabicisation. Transformation in the objectives and scope of the process reflects the historical developments and decline of Arab culture from medieval times to the present day. 

Identification Tharais: Rediscovering a Byzantine Archaeological Site on the Madaba Mosaic Map

This study delves into the archaeological site of Tharais, which is referenced in the famous Madaba mosaic map. and dates back to the Byzantine era. Our goal is to determine the exact location of this ancient settlement by carefully examining the available literature. It includes archaeological reports, maps, and historical records. Fieldwork was conducted in the western extension of Karak Governorate in Jordan between 2021 to 2024. Our investigations successfully identified Tharais in the northwestern region of the town of El-ʿIrāq, located on Karak plateau, historically known as the land of Moab. Archaeological remnants characteristic of the Byzantine period has been excavated in this area, including pottery shards, stone implements, and architectural remains. This discovery of Tharais significantly enhances our understanding of the history and cultural structure of the region during the Byzantine period. The site’s strategic position on the trade corridor linking Moabite plateau to the south-eastern Dead Sea region hints at its prominence as a commercial and religious hub. To fully grasp the specific roles and historical context of Tharais within the Byzantine period, further archaeological exploration is imperative. In conclusion, this research not only illuminates a specific archaeological site but also aligns with the broader endeavor to safeguard and protect Jordan’s cultural legacy

Brucellosis remains a neglected disease inthe developing world: a call forinterdisciplinary action

Brucellosis places significant burdens on the human healthcare system and limits the economic growth of individuals, communities, and nations where such development is especially important to diminish the prevalence of poverty. The implementation of public policy focused on mitigating the socioeconomic effects of brucellosis in human and animal populations is desperately needed. When developing a plan to mitigate the associated consequences, it is vital to consider both the abstract and quantifiable effects. This requires an interdisciplinary and collaborative, or One Health, approach that consists of public education, the development of an infrastructure for disease surveillance and reporting in both veterinary and medical fields, and campaigns for control in livestock and wildlife species

Disclosure of Organizational Ambidexterity Activities and Earnings Quality in Oman

Purpose: This study examines the association between organizational ambidexterity disclosure (OAD) and earnings quality (EQ) in terms of earnings persistence (PER) and value relevance (VR).   Theoretical framework: Organizational ambidexterity disclosure (OAD) is one type of forward-looking disclosure (FLD) which includes all information about exploration and exploitation activities. In accounting, the study is interested in how (OAD) affects the firm’s earnings quality.   Design/methodology/approach: This study uses the secondary data of non-financial industrial and services firms listed on the Muscat Securities Market (MSX) in Oman for a 5-year period from 2017–2021. The study uses generalized least square (GLS) and feasible general least squares (FGLS) regressions to test the hypotheses and find the results.   Findings: Results of the GLS and the robust results of FGLS show that OAD has a positive and significant effect on earnings persistence (PER) and value relevance (VR) and the coefficient of VR is stronger than the coefficient of PER, indicating the importance of OAD on the earnings quality as new evidence in the area of accounting.   Research Implications: The results provide crucial implications for researchers, investors, policy makers and managers. The study provides potential leverage points for those responsible for shaping the disclosure and transparency because of it insights on when OAD impacts EQ.   Originality/value: This study offers a novel resource-based perspective to explain how Omani firms achieve higher sustainable and value relevance earnings by investing in OA. It also provides new evidence about how an ambidextrous firm improves the sustainable and value relevance earnings

Attitudes of Students in Grade Ten towards Islamic Education per Variables (Type, Academic Achievement Level, Parents Educational Level and Parents Monthly Income) In Dhofar Governorate

The aim of this study is to identify attitudes of students in Grade Ten towards Islamic Education Subject in Dhofar Governorate per variables (Type, Academic Achievement level, parents educational level and parents monthly income). Data were collected by a questionnaire consisting of 27 paragraphs where its validity and reliability were verified. The study was conducted on male and female students in Grade Ten in Dhofar Governorate. The findings showed that attitudes of Grade Ten students towards Islamic Education subject are positive attitudes based on calculating theoretical mean on scale 6/3=2 and compare it to mean of students’ responses on the scale whereby most of the means were with (Agree) which is above 2. The study shows that there are no statistical differences between mean responses of the sample on attitudes scale towards Islamic Education subject based on (Type and Academic Achievement). However, there are statistical differences between means of sample’s responses based on the variable of the parents’ educational level. The study also concluded that there is a statistical weak, negative and inverse relationship between means of the sample’s responses on scale of attitudes towards Islamic Education subject and parents’ monthly income. The researcher used different statistical methods to demonstrate findings as follows: Frequency, mean, percentage, T-Test, ANOVA test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The study recommends that it is necessary to enhance positive attitudes towards the subject through diverse teaching strategies, active learning, and using activities associated with the lessons