The Classification of the Languages of North Arabia: Remarks on the Semitic Language Family Tree of the 2nd edition of Routledge’s The Semitic Languages

This paper discusses the classification of the languages of Ancient North Arabia and Arabic as presented in the introduction of Routledge’s The Semitic Language’s handbook

The concepts of al-halal and al-haram in the Arab-Muslim culture : a translational and lexicographical study

This paper aims at providing sufficient definitions of the concepts of al-Halal and al-Haram in the Arab-Muslim culture, illustrating how they are treated in some bilingual Arabic-English dictionaries since they often tend to be provided with inaccurate, lacking and sometimes simply incorrect definitions. Moreover, the paper investigates how these concepts are linguistically reflected through proverbs, collocations, frequent expressions, and connotations. These concepts are deeply rooted in the Arab-Muslim tradition and history, affecting the Arabs' way of thinking and acting. Therefore, accurate definitions of these concepts may help understand the Arab-Muslim identity that is vaguely or poorly understood by non-speakers of Arabic. Furthermore, to non-speakers of Arabic, these notions are often misunderstood, inadequately explained, and inaccurately translated into other languages

FastPacket: Towards Pre-trained Packets Embedding based on FastText for next-generation NIDS

New Attacks are increasingly used by attackers everyday but many of them are not detected by Intrusion Detection Systems as most IDS ignore raw packet information and only care about some basic statistical information extracted from PCAP files. Using networking programs to extract fixed statistical features from packets is good, but may not enough to detect nowadays challenges. We think that it is time to utilize big data and deep learning for automatic dynamic feature extraction from packets. It is time to get inspired by deep learning pre-trained models in computer vision and natural language processing, so security deep learning solutions will have its pre-trained models on big datasets to be used in future researches. In this paper, we proposed a new approach for embedding packets based on character-level embeddings, inspired by FastText success on text data. We called this approach FastPacket. Results are measured on subsets of CIC-IDS-2017 dataset, but we expect promising results on big data pre-trained models. We suggest building pre-trained FastPacket on MAWI big dataset and make it available to community, similar to FastText. To be able to outperform currently used NIDS, to start a new era of packet-level NIDS that can better detect complex attacks.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2209.1396

A lexicological study of friendship in Arabic

Cras nec mi sit amet odio fringilla tempor. Being one of the main concepts that represent the Arab culture, this paper studies the Arab concept of friendship and the definitions some bilingual Arabic-English dictionaries provide of the lexical items that convey it, and how such concepts can be inaccurate or inadequate. It also focuses on how friendship is linguistically encoded through proverbs, collocations, and frequent expressions. The analysis and results of this paper can help translators since Arabic friendship words are quite numerous and tend to be frequently used

Connecting the Lines between Old (Epigraphic) Arabic and the Modern Vernaculars

This paper investigates three linguistic features—wawation, the 1CS genitive clitic pronoun, and the relative pronoun—that are shared between the ancient epigraphic forms of Arabic and modern dialects, to the exclusion of Classical Arabic. I suggest that these features represent the earliest linguistic layer of the modern dialects

ARNLI: ARABIC NATURAL LANGUAGE INFERENCE ENTAILMENT AND CONTRADICTION DETECTION

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a hot topic research in natural language processing, contradiction detection between sentences is a special case of NLI. This is considered a difficult NLP task which has a big influence when added as a component in many NLP applications, such as Question Answering Systems, text Summarization. Arabic Language is one of the most challenging low-resources languages in detecting contradictions due to its rich lexical, semantics ambiguity. We have created a dataset of more than 12k sentences and named ArNLI, that will be publicly available. Moreover, we have applied a new model inspired by Stanford contradiction detection proposed solutions on English language. We proposed an approach to detect contradictions between pairs of sentences in Arabic language using contradiction vector combined with language model vector as an input to machine learning model. We analyzed results of different traditional machine learning classifiers and compared their results on our created dataset (ArNLI) and on an automatic translation of both PHEME, SICK English datasets. Best results achieved using Random Forest classifier with an accuracy of 99%, 60%, 75% on PHEME, SICK and ArNLI respectively

A Paleo-Arabic inscription on a route north of Ṭāʾif

This paper will produce a new edition of the Rīʿ al-Zallālah inscription, discussing in detail its paleographic features and content, and the ramifications it has on our understanding of the linguistic and religious milieu of the sixth–early seventh century Ḥigāz

Examining Performance Disparities in Palestinian Banks: A Comparative Analysis of Islamic and Conventional Banks

The study investigates the performance differentials between Islamic and conventional banks operating in Palestine across a number of dimensions. Research Problem: The study addresses the lack of comparative analysis between Islamic and conventional banks in Palestine, specifically examining performance disparities using the CAMEL approach. This is critical due to the recent trend of conventional banks acquiring Islamic banks, raising questions about the underlying performance differences. Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Palestine from 2011 to 2021, focusing on key performance dimensions such as capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earning ability, and liquidity. Methodology: The main purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Palestine from 2011 to 2021, focusing on key performance dimensions such as capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earning ability, and liquidity. Results: The main purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the performance of Islamic and conventional banks in Palestine from 2011 to 2021, focusing on key performance dimensions such as capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earning ability, and liquidity. Recommendations: Islamic banks should refine their business models to adopt higher-risk, higher-profitability strategies and diversify their financing beyond Murabaha. Conventional banks should continue strengthening their liquidity positions and capital management to maintain their competitive edge

The study of somatic idioms from a linguistic-cultural perspective: the case of ‘heart’

En el presente trabajo se analizan las expresiones somáticas que existen en español y en árabe que contengan el término ‘corazón/qalb ( القلب )’ siguiendo los postulados de la Teoría Conceptual de la Metáfora. Mediante el estudio de los dominios meta a los que hace referencia el corazón en ambas lenguas se pretende establecer los modelos culturales subyacentes que imperan en ambas lenguas.In this paper we analyze the somatic expressions that exist both in Spanish and Arabic containing the term 'heart / qalb ( القلب )' following the tenets of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Through the study of the target domains referring to the heart in both languages, we intend to establish the underlying cultural models prevailing in both languages

The Digraph اى in the Quranic Consonantal Text and the Identification of a New Letter Shape for Final Hē in the 7th to 8th Century Arabic Script

This paper proposes a hitherto unrecognized orthographic practice in the Quranic consonantal text: use of the digraph اى ,that is, alif + denticle, to represent the noninitial glottal stop, most often adjacent to the high vowels i/ī and less commonly in other environments. This feature leads to the identification of a new letter shape for the final hē in the early Islamic Arabic hand, originating in the Nabataeo-Arabic script, which in turn can explain a number of previously enigmatic spellings in the Quranic consonantal text