Improving the anti-corrosion properties via surface modification for silicon dioxide by conductive polymer

The modification of silicon dioxide surface via polyaniline (PANI) prepared by in-situ polymerization method. PANI and PANI-SiO 2 were characterized using Fourier transform infrared; X-ray diffraction and digital multimeter was used to measure conductivities for samples. Morphology of the synthesized PANI and PANI-SiO2, were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Samples were then used as pigments through blended with acrylic paint and applied on the surface of carbon steel panels. Corrosion was evaluated for coating of carbon steel panels through; full immersion test, salt spray test and adhesion test up to standards; ASTMG 31, ASTM B117 and ASTM D3359 respectively. Corrosion rate and coating adhesion were calculated after finished exposed periods in acidic Medias. Digital camera also used for monitored corrosion visually on the surface of carbon steel specimens. The results revealed that acrylic paint pigmented by SiO2 modified by polyaniline, more efficiently in corrosion protection for carbon steel than each of PANI and SiO2

Analysis load forecasting of power system using fuzzy logic and artificial neural network

Load forecasting is a vital element in the energy management of function and execution purpose throughout the energy power system. Power systems problems are complicated to solve because power systems are huge complex graphically widely distributed and are influenced by many unexpected events. This paper presents the analysis of load forecasting using fuzzy logic (FL), artificial neural network (ANN) and ANFIS. These techniques are utilized for both short term and long-term load forecasting. ANN and ANFIS are used to improve the results obtained through the FL. It also studied the effects of humidity, temperature and previous load on Load Forecasting. The simulation is done by the Simulink environment of MATLAB software

Antibacterial Activity of Francoeuria crispa, Pulicaria undulata, Ziziphus spina-christi and Cucurbita pepo Against Seven Standard Pathogenic Bacteria

The antibacterial potentials of the medicinal plants Francoeuria crispa (Forssk.) Cass., Pulicaria undulata (L.) Kostel, Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. and Cucurbita pepo L. Ethanol, petroleum ether, ethyl Acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts, at a concentration of 100 mg/ml, were evaluated against selected bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (NCTC 8236), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6380), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella para typhi B (0650) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 1312) using the Agar Diffusion Technique in vitro. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values were also determined for the most active plant extracts. Of all extracts the ethanolic extract of Pulicaria undulata was the most active, whereas, the aqueous extract of Ziziphus spina – christi stem bark was the most active of all aqueous extracts tested. The ethyl acetate extract of F. crispa showed activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Most susceptible Gram-negative bacteria were E. coli and P. vulgaris and least susceptible was S. para typhi B. In Gram –positive bacteria, most and least susceptible were S. aureus and B. subtilis respectively. The lowest MIC values were \u3c3.125 and 6.25 μg/ml for the crude extracts of ethyl acetate of Pulicaria undulata and crude methanolic extract of Ziziphus spinachristi, respectively. These results provide promising baseline information for the potential use of these crude extracts in the treatment of bacterial infections

Removal of Nitrogen Compounds from Industrial Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Reactor: The Effects of React Time

This study was performed to optimise the react time (RT) and study its effects on the removal rates of nitrogen compounds in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating synthetic industrial wastewater. The results showed that increasing the RT from 4 h to 10, 16 and 22 h significantly improved the nitrogen compounds’ removal efficiency, it was increased from 69.5% to 95%, 75.7 to 97% and from 54.2 to 80.1% for NH3-N, NO3-N and NO2-N respectively. The results obtained from this study showed that the RT of 22 h was the optimum for nitrogen compounds removal efficiency

Kod etika amil zakat: Satu perspektif Islam

Institusi amil memainkan peranan penting dalam perkembangan sistem pentadbiran dan pengurusan zakat di negara kita. Malah, kejayaannya dalam meningkatkan jumlah kutipan dan melaksanakan urusan agihan zakat secara berkesan menjadi contoh kepada negara-negara Islam yang lain. Namun, tahap kepercayaan dan keyakinan masyarakat terhadap institusi ini masih berada pada tahap yang rendah. Natijahnya, masih terdapat masalah kebocoran zakat berlaku yang mana zakat sama ada dibayar terus kepada asnaf atau dibayar melalui saluran-saluran yang tidak diiktiraf oleh pihak berkuasa agama negeri-negeri. Justeru, kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan mengenai amil dan mencadangkan mengenai keperluan dan kod etika untuk amil

Nutrient recovery from domestic effluent using an 2 indigenous strain of scenedesmus sp.

The performance of a Scenedesmus sp. in the phycoremediation of domestic 6 secondary effluents and the high-quality production of the effluents for safe 7 disposal are investigated in the current work. An indigenous strain of a 8 Scenedesmus sp. is obtained from a sludge thickness basin at a wastewater 9 treatment plant. The characteristics of this microalgae are identified using a 10 molecular analysis based on 18S ribosomal RNA sequences. The phycoremedia11 tion process is conducted in a photoreactor tank (5 L) with five different 12 concentrations of a Scenedesmus sp. (between 10 5 and 10 6 cells mL � 1 ). The 13 reactors are then placed outdoors (exposed to natural environmental conditions) 14 for 8 days. The Scenedesmus sp. had the ability to remove 91.86%, 98.15%, and 15 93.11% of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and total organic carbon 16 (TOC), respectively, and reduce biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical 17 oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solid (TSS) by 86.5%, 69.9%, and 18 76%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 6 cells mL � 1 . Moreover, the increase in 19 the pH value during microalgae activity contributed to the increases in nutrients 20 and characteristics percentage removal. The treated secondary effluents gener21 ated from the phycoremediation process after 8 days met the EQA 1974 22 (Regulation 2009) sewage sludge (standard A) in terms of TN and TP but is still 23 not under the permissible limits for BOD, COD, and TSS. In conclusion, an 24 indigenous Scenedesmus sp. was efficient in enhancing the quality of secondary 25 wastewater to meet the standards required for reuse or safe disposal

Controlling Water Temperature during the Electrocoagulation Process Using an Innovative Flow Column-Electrocoagulation Reactor

A flow column has been innovatively used in the design of a new electrocoagulation reactor (ECR1) that will reduce the temperature of water being treated; where the flow columns work as a radiator for the water being treated. In order to investigate the performance of ECR1 and compare it to that of traditional reactors; 600 mL water samples with an initial temperature of 350C were pumped continuously through these reactors for 30 min at current density of 1 mA/cm2. The temperature of water being treated was measured at 5 minutes intervals over a 30 minutes period using a thermometer. Additional experiments were commenced to investigate the effects of initial temperature (15-350C), water conductivity (0.15 – 1.2 mS/cm) and current density (0.5 -3 mA/cm2) on the performance of ECR1. The results obtained demonstrated that the ECR1, at a current density of 1 mA/cm2 and continuous flow model, reduced water temperature from 350C to the vicinity of 280C during the first 15 minutes and kept the same level till the end of the treatment time. While, the temperature increased from 28.1 to 29.80C and from 29.8 to 31.90C in the batch and the traditional continuous flow models respectively. In term of initial temperature, ECR1 maintained the temperature of water being treated within the range of 22 to 280C without the need for external cooling system even when the initial temperatures varied over a wide range (15 to 350C). The influent water conductivity was found to be a significant variable that affect the temperature. The desirable value of water conductivity is 0.6 mS/cm. However, it was found that the water temperature increased rapidly with a higher current density

Medium access prioritizing in the heterogeneous low-rate wireless PANs

Coping with customer interests to employ Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) in the new applications requires dealing with the fact of nodes variety that implies the heterogeneous nature of the traffic. This necessitates employing differentiation techniques that lead in the end to implementing prioritization in some processes of the system. The medium access controlling process plays a main role in the WSN work life cycle and the QoS provisioning is mainly based on the MAC efficiency. In this paper, we introduce the main techniques of WSN medium access prioritizing in the cluster-based Low-PANs. We propose using the prioritizing source as the categorizing factor. Furthermore, this study analyzes the impact of applying the MAC prioritization on the performance of the WSN. The simulation results prove that prioritizing nodes improves the system performance in terms of the access delay and the throughput metrics