IN-DEPTH DEBATE INTO LANGUAGE AND CULTURE

In this paper three different debates which are related to language and culture will be discussed with illustrations of how each debate impacts on the chosen context. The chosen context is Iraqi students; who currently are studying English language as a foreign language at the secondary school. Firstly, a comparison of between EFL and EIL will begiven. Secondly, a discussion about teaching non-verbal signals to support language learning will be provided. Thirdly, the use of technology to teach English will be outlined to show the different points of view regarding this point. Finally, there will be a recommendation by the author who will draw on his own experiences and understanding of the educational contexts he is familiar with

Pathological effects of anabolic steroid (Sustanon®) on liver of male rats

The present pathological study on the male rats aims to investigate the effects on liver tissue induced by repeated administration of three doses of sustanon for four periods. The experiment was done on the 100 adult male rats randomly divided into five groups 20 rats in each group. The first group is considered as a negative control treated with diet and water only. The second group is considered a positive control treated weekly for 60 days with sesame oil intramuscularly while groups III, IV and V treated with diluted sustanon in 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly weekly for 60 days respectively. Blood was collected in a period 15, 30 and 60 days after treatment for measurements liver function tests ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferas) enzymes. Then the animals were dissected to take samples in a period 15, 30 and 60 days after treatment for histopathological examination, then 5 rats were lefted in each group in the diet and water for 30 days after last treatment for examination the above mentioned parameters. The results revealed the presence of significantly increasing of liver enzyme activation represented by ALT and AST at level P<0.05 compared with control groups. The value of these levels were higher in group V in a day 60 after treatment and its continue to increase even after stopping treatment and remained on diet and water only for 30 days. Pathologically, all treated groups with sustanon revealed gross and histopathological changes in liver tissue, there were enlargement and congestion gross. Histopathologically, the liver sections elucidate cellular swelling, vacuolar degeneration in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in addition to fatty change and programmed cell death in all groups during a period 15, 30 and 60 days these changes continue even after stopping the treatment for 30 days but portal fibrosis has been observed.It has been concluded from this study that sustanon in concentration 5, 10, 20 mg /kg of body weight in aperiods 15, 30 and 60 have ability to induce hepatotoxic effect on liver of male rat and these effects irreversible and progressive for 30 days after stopping the drug administration

Literature circles enhancing cultural awareness and language ‎acquisition for adult learners of Arabic

Language and culture are inextricably linked. Consequently, the teaching of cultural awareness as part of additional language instruction is crucial to increasing language proficiency. This paper examines how literature circles are utilized and actively modelled in the teaching and learning of the Arabic language and its culture in an adult Arabic as an Additional Language classroom in Iraq with beginner, intermediate and advanced learners. The impact of the literature circles pedagogy is explored through the analysis of audio transcripts of the interactions during the class, student journals reflections on their experiences participating in the study, and the researcher’s field notes recording their observations during the literature circle activities. Eight participants from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds were divided into two multi-level groups. The data revealed that the literature circle methodology increased student-to-student interaction and collaborative learning and understanding of Arabic culture. These outcomes resulted in enhanced confidence in using the language and, consequently language proficiency in the Arabic language

Seismic Analysis Using Three Dimensional Modeling

AbstractThree-dimensional dynamic analysis is required for a large number of differenttypes of structural systems that are constructed in Seismic Zones. The lateral forcerequirements suggest several methods that can be used to estimate the distribution ofseismic forces within a structure. However, these guidelines are not unique and needfurther interpretations. The major advantage of using the forces obtained from adynamic analysis as the basis for a structural design is that the vertical distribution offorces may significantly be different from the forces obtained from an equivalent staticload analysis

Methodology: training requirement of agriculture extension officers in Iraq

Identifying training needs of structural and component in the training industry is an important process that needs to be given a high consideration. It seems difficult to identify training requirements, because of differences in the levels of the trainer experience, skills and efficiency. In-service training of the Extension Agents is the call of the time. Training needs were assessed using the Borich Needs Assessment Model, This Model is designed around the skills individuals and groups need to be effective in the future and are used for making human resources decisions. Will be modified this model with suitable in my country to achieve goal my study. Also I design conceptual framework to explain the dependent and independent variables of the study. The data collection after completed my questionnaire, validity and reliability of the instrument and doing T-test, when collect a data, the data analysis to get result and discussion. Training should not be conducted at the time of sowing and harvesting time and lectures should be carried out during the training sessions and choose time suitable for agricultural extension workers. Thus, necessary steps should be taken to identify the unfelt needs of the agricultural extension workers and strengthen their knowledge, skills and attitudes required for performing their job efficiently

Media Pembelajaran Inovatif Berbasis Lingkungan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam di Pondok Pesantren Pengkendekan Luwu Utara

Keterbatasan teknologi dan sumber daya manusia menjadi hambatan dalam mengembangkan media pembelajaran berbasis lingkungan di pondok pesantren. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk agar guru di pesantren Asadiyah Penkendekan memiliki kemampuan mengembangkan dan menggunakan media pembelajaran inovatif berbasis lingkungan. Peserta dalam kegiatan ini adalah guru agama di pondok pesantren As’adiyah pengkendekan dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 30 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini yaitu mengunakan metode pelatihan partisipatif. Penilaian peserta terhadap media yang ditampilkan menggunakan skala 1-4. Penilaian tersebut dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptive sederhana. Proses pengolahan data untuk indeks penilaian (skala 1-4) dilakukan dengan telaah rata-rata, dan diolah dengan tingkat persentase. Guru di pondok pesantren Asadiyah Penkendekan telah mampu mengembangkan dan menggunakan media pembelajaran inovatif berbasis lingkungan

Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Some New Substituted Bis-spirocyclohexanones Derived from Acetone

Diarylidene acetones (DAA) (1-5) had been prepared by the condensation of acetone with substituted benzaldehydes via Claisen-Schmidt reaction, DAA’s brought to condense with anthrone to afford the title compounds (6-10) through Michael addition. The structures of the products were suggested in the light of spectral data (UV, IR, 1H&13C-NMR)

Robotertechnik zur diffraktometrischen Charakterisierung von Restspannungs-, Textur-, Phasenentwicklung an technischen Komponenten

Am Materialforschungsdiffraktometer STRESS-SPEC der Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II) wurde vor einiger Zeit ein BMBF gefördertes Robotersystem in Betrieb genommen. Damit wurde es erstmals möglich kompakte Proben von technischen Dimensionen bezüglich kristallographischer Textur, Restspannungen und Phasenzusammensetzungen automatisch zu charakterisieren. Der Roboter verfügt über drei Funktionen, die den Messablauf entscheidend vereinfachen und für Neutronenmessungen sehr wichtig teure Messzeit einsparen. Texturmessungen sind häufig Serienuntersuchungen zur Texturentwicklung als Funktion von Umformgrad, Umformtemperatur und Legierungszusammensetzung, so dass der Roboter als automatischer Probenwechsler erhebliche Zeitersparnis bringt. Zweitens fungiert der Roboter nicht nur als Probenwechsler, sondern ersetzt gleichzeitig auch die Eulerwiege zum Abfahren der einzelnen Polfiguren. Die dritte Funktion ist die Scanfunktion des Roboters, um zum Beispiel die Informationen über den Umfang von Rohren oder über Schweißnähten automatisch Messen zu können

The Effect of Organisational Citizenship Behavior on Cultural Diversity: A Case Study of Ophthalmological Hospital Friendship Algeria-Cuba

The increasing mobility of people around the world has led to an increasingly culturally diverse workforce, and there may be negative effects on certain cultural groups to achieve an organisational competitive advantage. In relation to this idea, this study shows the influence of both a shared vision and loyalty, teamwork, and nationality, gender, satisfaction, justice, and conflict tolerance on organisational citizenship behavior in light of cultural diversity. Testing whether these factors are related to the determination of organisational citizenship behavior through the binary response technique of multiple logistic regression, a random sample was selected from the general community of the Algerian-Cuban Friendship Hospital of Ophthalmology, and the number of its members was estimated to be 213 by answering a set of questions about the most influential factors in determining organisational citizenship behavior in the light of cultural diversity, the findings revealed a positive and meaningful relationship between shared vision, loyalty, teamwork, and nationality and organisational citizenship behavior In light of cultural diversity, these individuals often adapt to the new culture by changing their behaviors, values, and attitudes as well. Besides, there is no relationship between gender, satisfaction, justice, conflict tolerance and organisational citizenship behavior in light of cultural diversity. The current study suggests that the hospital management should formulate its values according to the employee's cultural citizenship values, and this should be done with the different dimensions of the employee's cultural citizenship values to reduce any conflict that arises due to differences in the value system, through training the employees continuously learn how to modify their behaviors depending on the cultural situations They face and strengthen organisational unity and cohesion. Organisational citizenship behaviors such as loyalty, shared vision, teamwork, job satisfaction, organisational justice, and tolerance of conflict can be linked to several competencies organisations use to select, train, and evaluate individuals In light of cultural diversity