Improving the anti-corrosion properties via surface modification for silicon dioxide by conductive polymer

The modification of silicon dioxide surface via polyaniline (PANI) prepared by in-situ polymerization method. PANI and PANI-SiO 2 were characterized using Fourier transform infrared; X-ray diffraction and digital multimeter was used to measure conductivities for samples. Morphology of the synthesized PANI and PANI-SiO2, were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Samples were then used as pigments through blended with acrylic paint and applied on the surface of carbon steel panels. Corrosion was evaluated for coating of carbon steel panels through; full immersion test, salt spray test and adhesion test up to standards; ASTMG 31, ASTM B117 and ASTM D3359 respectively. Corrosion rate and coating adhesion were calculated after finished exposed periods in acidic Medias. Digital camera also used for monitored corrosion visually on the surface of carbon steel specimens. The results revealed that acrylic paint pigmented by SiO2 modified by polyaniline, more efficiently in corrosion protection for carbon steel than each of PANI and SiO2

Development of a Two-Level Warping Algorithm and Its Application to Speech Signal Processing

In many different fields there are signals that need to be aligned or “warped” in order to measure the similarity between them. When two time signals are compared, or when a pattern is sought in a larger stream of data, it may be necessary to warp one of the signals in a nonlinear way by compressing or stretching it to fit the other. Simple point-to-point comparison may give inadequate results, because one part of the signal might be comparing different relative parts of the other signal/pattern. Such cases need some sort of alignment todo the comparison. Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) is a powerful and widely used technique of time series analysis which performs such nonlinear warping in temporal domain. The work in this dissertation develops in two directions. The first direction is to extend the this dynamic time warping to produce a two-level dynamic warping algorithm, with warping in both temporal and spectral domains. While there have been hundreds of research efforts in the last two decades that have applied and used the one-dimensional warping process idea between time series, extending DTW method to two or more dimensions poses a more involved problem. The two-dimensional dynamic warping algorithm developed here for a variety of speech signal processing is ideally suited. The second direction is focused on two speech signal applications. The First application is the evaluation of dysarthric speech. Dysarthria is a neurological motor speech disorder, which characterized by spectral and temporal degradation in speech production. Dysarthria management has focused primarily teaching patients to improve their ability to produce speech or strategies to compensate for their deficits. However, many individuals with dysarthria are not well-suited for traditional speaker-oriented intervention. Recent studies have shown that speech intelligibility can be improved by training the listener to better understand the degraded speech signal. A computer-based training tool was developed using a two-level dynamic warping algorithm to eventually be incorporated into a program that trains listeners to learn to imitate dysarthric speech by providing subjects with feedback about the accuracy of their imitation attempts during training. The second application is voice transformation. Voice transformation techniques aims to modify a subject’s voice characteristics to make them sound like someone else, for example from a male speaker to female speaker. The approach taken here avoids the need to find acoustic parameters as many voice transformation methods do, and instead deals directly with spectral information. Based on the two-Level DW it is straightforward to map the source speech to target speech when both are available. The resulted spectral warping signal produced as described above introduces significant processing artifacts. Phase reconstruction was applied to the transformed signal to improve the quality of the final sound. Neural networks are trained to perform the voice transformation

Cognitive radio systems in LTE networks

This thesis was submitted for the award of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University London.The most important fact in the mobile industry at the moment is that demand for wireless services will continue to expand in the coming years. Therefore, it is vital to find more spectrums through cognitive radios for the growing numbers of services and users. However, the spectrum reallocations, enhanced receivers, shared use, or secondary markets-will not likely, by themselves or in combination, meet the real exponential increases in demand for wireless resources. Network operators will also need to re-examine network architecture, and consider integrating the fibre and wireless networks to address this issue. This thesis involves driving fibre deeper into cognitive networks, deploying microcells connected through fibre infrastructure to the backbone LTE networks, and developing the algorithms for diverting calls between the wireless and fibre systems, introducing new coexistence models, and mobility management. This research addresses the network deployment scenarios to a microcell-aided cognitive network, specifically slicing the spectrum spatially and providing reliable coverage at either tier. The goal of this research is to propose new method of decentralized-to-distributed management techniques that overcomes the spectrum unavailability barrier overhead in ongoing and future deployments of multi-tiered cognitive network architectures. Such adjustments will propose new opportunities in cognitive radio-to-fibre systematic investment strategies. Specific contributions include: 1) Identifying the radio access technologies and radio over fibre solution for cognitive network infrastructure to increase the uplink capacity analysis in two-tier networks. 2) Coexistence of macro and microcells are studied to propose a roadmap for optimising the deployment of cognitive microcells inside LTE macrocells in the case of considering radio over fibre access systems. 3) New method for roaming mobiles moving between microcells and macrocell coverage areas is proposed for managing spectrum handover, operator database, authentication and accounting by introducing the channel assigning agent entity. The ultimate goal is to reduce unnecessary channel adaptation

An examination of the impact of the oil prices and economic determinants on India's economic development

The economic development of developing nations has been impacted by several factors, including the fluctuation of oil and other commodity prices due to environmental and economic degradation. This issue requires the attention of contemporary researchers and policymakers. Consequently, the current study investigates the effect of oil prices and economic determinants such as the wholesale price index, the consumer price index, inflation, and industrialization on the growth of the Indian economy. The study utilized the World Bank database from 1986 to 2020 to collect secondary data. The researchers used the Dynamic Auto-regressive Distributed Lags (DARDL) method to examine the relationships between the study's variables. The findings revealed that oil prices, the wholesale price index, the consumer price index, inflation, and industrialization positively affect India's economic growth. This study assists policymakers in formulating economic development policies with the proper emphasis on oil price fluctuations and economic determinants.Haidar Ali Al Dulaimi (College of Business and Economics, University of Babylon, Iraq)Includes bibliographical references

The Effect of Age in the Shape of the Spermatozoa Frozen Friesian Bulls

 تهدف الدراسة الحالية فيما إذا كانت هنالك أي اختلافات في شكل وأبعاد النطف للثيران، لمعرفة نضوج النطف واختيار السائل المنوي لتجميده لكي يستعمل في التلقيح الاصطناعي. في الوقت الحاضر أصبح الشكل المورفولوجي للنطف يشكل عنصرا مهما في تقويم السائل المنوي واختبار أفضل النطف السوية من حيث الإبعاد والشكل. قسمت الثيران حسب الأعمار إلى ثلاثة مجاميع بواقع 4 ثيران لكل مجموعة، الأولى 2-4 سنوات، الثانية 4-6 سنوات والثالثة 6-8 سنوات.اخذ السائل المنوي من كل مجموعة عشوائياً وفحصت النطف الناضجة والسليمة، بعد ذلك أخذت القياسات التالية بواسطة الحاسوب. قيس طول وعرض ومحيط ومساحة رأس النطفه، و قيست الصفات الشكلية لرأس ألنطفه الاهليليجيه والخشونة (التعضن) والاستطالة والانتظام لرأس ألنطفه. سجل طول الرأس أعلى قيمه على مستوى ((P<00.5 في فئة 6-8 سنوات بقيمة (8.20) مايكرون وفئة 2-4 سنوات هي الأقل (7.81) مايكرون، إما العرض فقد تفوقت الفئة الثالثة على الفئتين الأخريين بقيمة (4.51) مايكرون. وتفوقت الفئة الثالثة لمحيط ومساحة رأس النطفة على باقي الفئات العمرية بقيمة قدرها  (24.51) (29.50) مايكرون على التوالي، أما الاهليليجيه والخشونة فسجلت فئة 2-4 سنوات أعلى قيمه (1.85) (0.96) مايكرون على التوالي، وكذلك تفوقت الفئة الأولى بقيمة (0.30) مايكرون في الاستطالة وسجلت الفئة الثالثة 6-8 سنوات قيمه أعلى من الفئة الأولى والثانية في انتظام شكل النطفه.          من خلال هذه النتائج يمكن إن نستنتج أنه كلما تقدم الثور في العمر أصبح شكل النطفه أفضل وبالتالي يمكن اختيار سائله المنوي في التجميد.This study was aimed to determine whether there are any differences in the shape and dimensions of bulls sperm using different ages, as well as to know the maturity of the sperm, then choose the bull for insemination or to freeze the taken semen to be used in artificial insemination. Now a day become morphology shape for sperm important item in the valuation of the semen and chose the best normal sperm whence dimension and shape. Methods were used and bulls were classified by age into three groups, the first group includes 4 bulls aged 2-4 years, the second group includes 4 bulls 4-6 years old, the third group includes 4 bulls 6-8 years old. Semen of each group was taken randomly and the mature and intact semen were examined. The results were revealed that the highest value of head’s length (6-8 years category) was (8.20), while for 4-2 years category was the least (7.81). For the width, the third category was recorded the highest (4.51) along with the other. The Ellipticity inducts that 4-2 years group was the highest value (1.85), while for elongation character the 2-4 years group was the highest with (0.3) compared with the other.           It can be concluded our study in the current to the next score whenever the bull offers in the form of life has become the best sperm beltala can choose sperm in the freezer

Biostratigraphy of Qamchuqa Formation in Jambur Oil Field in Kirkuk Area

تكوين قمجوقة هو احد التكاوين التي ترسبت خلال العصر الطباشيري في العراق. حيث تم دراسة التكوين في(بئر جمبور-22 , جمبور -20, جمبور-15 ) الواقعة ضمن حقل جمبور النفطي شمال شرق العراق في محافظة كركوك. تم دراسة ثلاثة مائة وخمسة وثلاثون شريحة لتحديد المتحجرات و الانطقة الحياتية .تم تحديد سبعة وثلاثون نوع من اجناس الفورامنيفرا القاعية بالاضافة الى قطع من الرودست والبليسيبودا والمولاسكا و الاوستراكودا والطحالب والمرجان والاصداف وشوكيات الجلد. تم تحديد خمسة انطقة حياتية والتي من خلالها تم تحديد عمر التكوين و لذي يعود الى  الابتيان-البيان.The Qamchuqa Formation has been studied in three wells ( Ja-15, Ja-20, Ja-22) within Jambur oil field, North East of Iraq . Three hundred and thirty five thin sections have been studied by polarizing microscope in order to determine fossils and biozones. Thirty seven species of benthic foraminifera were recognized.In addition to following fossils that recognized in Qamchuqa Formation :  Calcareous algae – Coptocampylodon fontis, Rudist fragments ,Pelecypods Gastropods , Mollusks , Brachiopod , Ostracods shells  , Echinoid fragmendes , Coral and  Algea .      Five biozones were observed, they are: Praeorbitolina cormyi – Palorbitolina lenticularis - concurrent Zone (of  Early Aptian), Mesorbitolina parva - Range Zone (of Middle Aptian age), Mesorbitolina texana - Range Zone (of Late Aptian – Early Albian,), Mesorbitolina subconcava - Range Zone (latest early Albian) and Orbitolina sefini - Range Zone (of Late Albian). The age of Qamchuqa Formation has been distinguished according to these biozones, to be as ( Aptian-Albian)

Result Research Model of Scheduling Block Allocation in Downlink LTE

Result of the model of time and frequency resource scheduling in downlink LTE development was applied. The given model is directed upon securing the wireless network users being served by the allocation to user equipment required transmission rates. Comparative analysis of the offered model with existing methods from the point of view of securing the common productivity of downlink, level of bandwidth balancing, possibility of allocation to users' equipment required transmission rate are complete

Model of Distribution of Frequency Resource in the WiMAX Mesh-Network

The frequency resource distribution mathematical model is offered as a problem of subchannels’ number balancing between radio channels, which are formed by mesh-stations of the wireless network. The use of the offered model has made it possible to raise efficiency of the wireless mesh-network as a whole and ensure the “bottlenecks” absenc

Result Research Model of Scheduling Block Allocation in Downlink LTE

Result of the model of time and frequency resource scheduling in downlink LTE development was applied. The given model is directed upon securing the wireless network users being served by the allocation to user equipment required transmission rates. Comparative analysis of the offered model with existing methods from the point of view of securing the common productivity of downlink, level of bandwidth balancing, possibility of allocation to users' equipment required transmission rate are complete