Hibridinių grėsmių Arkties regione teisiniai iššūkiai

This article will focus on the legal framework that applies to the Arctic ocean and highlight the legal grey areas that hybrid campaigns could invest in to violate international maritime law and law relating to the use of force.Straipsnyje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama teisinei sistemai, sutartims ir kitiems teisės aktams, kurie taikomi Arkties vandenyno teritorijai bei pilkųjų zonų apibrėžimui, taip pat nustatyti, kur būtų galima taikyti hibridinę taktiką ir operacijas nepažeidžiant tarptautinės jūrų teisės ir teisės, reguliuojančios jėgos draudimą

MECHANICAL AND DURABILITY PROPERTIES OF GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE – A REVIEW

Owing to the ongoing increase in human population, there is a need for more construction projects including residential buildings and other amenities. Concrete is by far the dominant material used in construction and cement is a main ingredient. Cement manufacture is an energy intensive process and emit large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. A reduction in the amount of cement used in construction is greatly beneficial. The use of geopolymer or alkali activated materials can serve this purpose as it attempts to totally replace cement in concrete. Geopolymers are materials that consist mainly of silica and alumina materials and activated using alkali such as sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide. This paper attempts to review recent articles on the production and properties of geopolymers and alkali activated materials. Different hardened, structural, and durability properties are studied. These include; compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, shrinkage, expansion, creep, weight loss, carbonation, sulfate, and corrosion

The Ottoman Empire Procedures in Preventing Zionism Infiltration to Jerusalem in the Reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II District of the (1876-1909)

The current study is seeking to answer one main question which is: Did the Ottoman take proper and critical procedures to prevent Zionism infiltration to district of empire Jerusalem? What are the related consequences?. The study deals with three domains: 1. Herzl international communications. 2. Immigrations to Jerusalem. 3. proper and critical procedures taken by the Ottoman Empire to prevent Zionism infiltration to Jerusalem. The researchers attached two reports for governors Akram Bek and Ahamd Rasheed Bek as two main sources of this study. The study adopted Ottoman documents, Arabic studies, Turkish studies and foreign studies. The study concludes that the Ottoman empire represented by Sultan Abdulhamid did not ;legitimize the Jewish immigration to Palestine and loyal employees such as Akram Bek transformed this into practical procedures. Meanwhile, some corrupted employees breached this and facilitated the immigration of jews to Palestine.Similar breach are taking place nowdays

Mechanical and morphological properties of injection-molded rice husk polypropylene composites

In this work, the investigation of the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of the rice husk flour/polypropylene composites was performed utilizing various filler loadings and coupling agent. Five levels of filler loading (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 wt%) were designed. In addition, to help the interaction between fiber and polypropylene matrix, struktol coupling agent was added to the composites. All of tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength properties of the composites were carried out. Moreover, the 50 wt% filler-loaded composites had optimum tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus, whereas the 35 wt% of filler loading case was the best regarding Young's modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strength. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope results demonstrate that as filler loading increases, more voids and fiber pullout occur

A review of rice husk bio-based composites

Development of new bio- based composites from renewable resources is getting wide attention from researchers due to environmental issue caused by traditional composites. Rice husk is a new potential renewable source of fillers for bio-composites to produce green products. Rice husk is the outer sheath surrounding rice grains during their growth. The aim of this work is to systematically review the parameters that affect the rice husk -polymeric composites in order to enhance their usage in various sustainable designs and applications. It is dedicated that rice husk composites are not used effectively due to the lack of understanding over its potential for such green composites. Moreover, systematic review of the published works demonstrated that the lack of awareness to environmental problems and technology as well as socio-economy problems prevent proper utilization of rice in bio-composites for sustainable products. Moreover, systematic discussions of the parameters that affect the performance of rice husk - composites are illustrated in this work to enhance its implementations for future sustainable products

Investigating morphological and performance deterioration of injection-molded rice husk–polypropylene composites due to various liquid uptakes

Systematic investigations for the tensile strengths, tensile moduli, flexural strengths, flexural moduli, and impact strengths of various reinforced conditions of rice husk–polypropylene composites under the effect of different liquids uptakes were carried out. Three different liquids, i.e., lubricant oil, sea water, and distilled water, were utilized in this work to investigate their effects on the composites’ mechanical performance. Moreover, morphological analysis of the designed composites was also carried out. Various fiber loadings at 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55 wt% have been designed and investigated. The rice husk–polypropylene composites have been prepared by injection molding, and struktol was used as an additive. The composites were immersed in three different liquids—lubricant oil, sea water, and distilled water—for 4 weeks. The water uptake of rice husk–polypropylene composites for distilled water was the highest compared to lubricant oil and sea water. Moreover, results have demonstrated that mechanical properties of composites immersed in sea water were the best, followed by those immersed in lubricant oil, and then those immersed in distilled water. In addition, it was observed that more voids and pull-out existed in composites immersed in lubricant oil, followed by those immersed in distilled water, and then those immersed in sea water. Tensile moduli showed a reduction trend for all composites with increasing filler loading. However, flexural moduli improved as the filler loading increased. Also, results here demonstrated an optimum filler loading condition for each particular mechanical property of rice husk–polypropylene composites

Venous thromboembolism in children with cancer – a population-based cohort study

Introduction: Cancer is a known risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adults, but population-based data in children are scarce. Materials and methods: We conducted a cohort study utilising linkage of the Clinical Practice Research Database (primary care), Hospital Episodes Statistics (secondary care), UK Cancer Registry data and Office for National Statistics cause of death data. From these databases, we selected 498 children with cancer diagnosed between 1997 and 2006 and 20,810 controls without cancer. We calculated VTE incidence rates in children with cancer vs. controls, and hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression. Results: We identified four VTE events in children with cancer compared with four events in the larger control population corresponding to absolute risks of 1.52 and 0.06 per 1000 person-years respectively. The four children with VTE and cancer were diagnosed with hematological, bone or non-specified cancer. Childhood cancer was hence associated with a highly increased risk of VTE (HR adjusted for age and sex: 28.3; 95%CI = 7.0-114.5). Conclusions: Children with cancer are at increased relative risk of VTE compared to those without cancer. Physicians could consider thromboprophylaxis in children with cancer to reduce their excess risk of VTE however the absolute risk is extremely small and the benefit gained therefore would need to be balanced against the risk invoked of implementing such a strategy. Novelty & Impact Statements: While there is a reasonable level of knowledge about the risk of VTE in adult populations, it is not well known whether this risk is reflected in paediatric patients. We found a substantial increase in risk of VTE in children with cancer compared to a child population without cancer. While this finding is important, the absolute risk of VTE is still low and must be balanced with the risks of anticoagulation

Eco-friendly composites for brake pads from agro waste: a review

Natural fibers possess unique property densities that make them potential alternative reinforcement materials in synthetic brake pad composites. This article presents a comprehensive review for the potential and possibilities of reinforcing brake pads using natural plant-based fibers. The influential keys to designing brake pad composites are found to be thermal stability, interfacial bond of the matrix with the fiber, thermal fade, effectiveness, and recovery. Besides that, the optimization technique for manufacturing process of eco-friendly brake pads is also covered. It can be concluded that natural fibers can be used as potential materials for designing effective eco-friendly brake pad composites in the near future

Récupération de chaleur par intégration de générateur de vorticité, hybridation avec des générateurs thermoélectriques, utilisation d’énergies renouvelables et analyse du cycle de vie

The constant increase in global energy consumption leads to the depletion of natural resources, high energy prices, energy shortages, significant negative impacts on the environment, but most importantly, large amounts of thermal energy are observed to be wasted in all energy-consuming systems, where sometimes energy loss exceeds 60%. In this context, recovering lost heat becomes crucial, and in some cases, heat recovery can reach up to 90%. Therefore, our study is focused on a hybrid energy recovery system that utilizes thermoelectric generators (TEG) located at the surface of a concentric tube heat exchanger. To enhance heat transfer, vortex generators (VGs) are used so that the downstream flow generates two counter-rotating vortices. The study is held through numerical simulations of the flow through different designs and configurations. Life cycle analysis of the design has been implemented in a practical study involving renewable and non-renewable energy sources to investigate the economic and environmental benefits of this design. Finally, a fundamental study on a hybrid system of heat flow and electricity production has been conducted.L’augmentation constante de la consommation d'énergie mondiale entraîne un épuisement des ressources naturelles, des prix de l'énergie élevés, une pénurie d'énergie, des impacts négatifs élevés sur l'environnement, mais aussi et surtout on observe de grandes quantités d'énergie thermique perdues dans tous les systèmes consommateurs d’énergie, où parfois la perte d'énergie dépasse 60%. Dans ce contexte, récupérer la chaleur perdue devient primordial, dans certains cas la récupération de chaleur peut atteindre jusqu'à 90%. Ainsi notre étude est orientée vers un système de récupération d'énergie hybride qui utilise des générateurs thermoélectriques (TEG) placés en surface dans un échangeur de chaleur à tube concentrique. Pour augmenter le transfert de chaleur, des générateurs de vorticité (VG) sont utilisés, de sorte que l'écoulement en aval génère deux tourbillons contra-rotatifs. Les simulations numériques de l’écoulement ont été menées pour différents designs et plusieurs configurations. L'analyse du cycle de vie de la conception a été mise en œuvre dans une étude pratique avec des sources d'énergie renouvelables et non renouvelables afin d'étudier combien cette conception permet d'économiser sur les plans économiques et environnementaux. Enfin, une étude fondamentale sur un système hybride de flux de chauffage et de production d'énergie électrique a été réalisée

Hibridinio karo problema tarptautinėje teisėje

The thesis addresses the legal complexity of hybrid war to international law on the use of force and international humanitarian law. Contemporary hybrid warfare poses threats to the legal order based on a combination of military and non-military means. As such, the thesis focuses on the threats originating from cyber attacks and non-state armed groups, addressing by that the legal challenges that state or non-actors exploit deliberately to strengthen their own positions and undermine the position of their adversaries. That said, the thesis is devoted to underlining the changing nature of conflicts, challenging elements of hybrid warfare that do reach the level of physical damage “cyber attacks and non-state armed groups”. And for the sake of deeper legal analysis, the thesis focuses on the prohibition on the use of force in international law “jus ad Bellum” and its limited exceptions, the legal basis of attribution that is highly relevant to the nature of hybrid threats, the principle of sovereignty, non-intervention, and non-interference in international law. Moreover, the research focuses on the emergence of hybrid warfare in contemporary armed conflicts by which its hybrid nature is exceptional, and by that it highlights the applicability of jus in Bello to hybrid warfare, classification of armed conflicts and its geographic limitation, and principle of distinction that is pertinent due to the legal confusion imposed by cyber operations and non-state armed groups. The thesis seeks to reveal whether current international law can address the challenges of hybrid war