The burden of dental care in Amelogenesis Imperfecta paediatric patients in the UK NHS: a retrospective, multi-centred analysis

PURPOSE: The burden of dental care in Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) has not been well described. This condition results in weak, discoloured and often sensitive teeth. Specialist paediatric care is available for AI patients in the UK, but treatment protocols and care provided are inconsistent. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the provision of treatment and burden of care for children and families with AI across four Paediatric Dentistry centres in the UK. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of AI patient clinical records across four UK consultant-led Paediatric Dentistry centres was completed. Frequency and duration of care were recorded along with treatment and experience of inhalation sedation, local and general anaesthetic. RESULTS: In total, 138 records were available for analysis. The average patient age at first referral was 7.7 years (range 1-16 years) and families travelled an average 21.8 miles per appointment (range 0.2-286 miles). Patients attended on average 4.5 appointments per year for 5.8 years. In total, 65.2% had experience of local anaesthetic, 27.5% inhalation sedation and 31.9% general anaesthetic. Dental treatment including restorations and extractions were commonly required on multiple teeth per patient. CONCLUSION: AI carries a high burden of specialist dental care to patients and families. Specialist centres are required to provide longitudinal, comprehensive care

Potential Lifespan Increase of Membranes used for Wastewater Treatment by Electrocoagulation

Electrocoagulation technology can treat pollutants without the need for coagulants. Coagulation takes place when current is applied and is capable of eliminating small particles. Additionally, electrocoagulation may reduce waste residue accumulation. In this project, treatment of domestic wastewater (DWW) by electrocoagulation (EC) was investigated. The samples were supplied from the HAYA domestic wastewater pretreatment plant. Experimental studies were conducted to determine the optimum operating conditions, that achieved the maximum removal, such as electrode type, treatment time, turbidity. This study focusses on having electrocoagulation process treatment within the process of membrane using iron Fe electrode. Water treatment using electrocoagulation will be conducted before going to membrane to improve the efficiency of the membrane and facilitate the process of the treatment. The nitrate and phosphate removal reached 59% and 45% respectively at 60 min in a continuous process. The highest removal of iron was in continuous process around 90% at 5 min. And for Mg removal, it reached 20% at 60 min with digestion with a currant of 220 mA and 1 cm electrode distance. The % Removal of metals increase with the increase in the voltage. The removal of Fe, Mg, phosphate reached to 41%,89% and 98% respectively

Fairness and satisfaction model for DTN applications using various transportation means

Delay Tolerant Network suffers from lack of resources and disconnected contact nature. In DTN, all possible methods are used to transmit data including the physical transportations means. Aircrafts in commercial routes have been proposed to carry data from ground users along their flying routes. Delivery probability is compared when using aircrafts, buses and ferries. Results show that aircrafts provide higher delivery probability which is up to 62% better compared with buses and ferries. Furthermore, when there is lack of resources, it is difficult to satisfy all users’ demands for traffic. We propose a Fairness and Satisfaction (FS) model to enhance the users’ satisfaction during DTN limited and scarce resources. Various scenarios are tested for the FS model through intense simulations. FS model, when implemented, will improve user’s satisfaction up to 18 % and DTN fairness up to 20 % compared with the same scenario lacking the model

Fairness and satisfaction model for DTN applications using various transportation means

Delay Tolerant Network suffers from lack of resources and disconnected contact nature. In DTN, all possible methods are used to transmit data including the physical transportations means. Aircrafts in commercial routes have been proposed to carry data from ground users along their flying routes. Delivery probability is compared when using aircrafts, buses and ferries. Results show that aircrafts provide higher delivery probability which is up to 62% better compared with buses and ferries. Furthermore, when there is lack of resources, it is difficult to satisfy all users’ demands for traffic. We propose a Fairness and Satisfaction (FS) model to enhance the users’ satisfaction during DTN limited and scarce resources. Various scenarios are tested for the FS model through intense simulations. FS model, when implemented, will improve user’s satisfaction up to 18 % and DTN fairness up to 20 % compared with the same scenario lacking the model