Many Labs 2 : Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Sample and Setting

We conducted preregistered replications of 28 classic and contemporary published findings with protocols that were peer reviewed in advance to examine variation in effect magnitudes across sample and setting. Each protocol was administered to approximately half of 125 samples and 15,305 total participants from 36 countries and territories. Using conventional statistical significance (p &lt; .05), fifteen (54%) of the replications provided evidence in the same direction and statistically significant as the original finding. With a strict significance criterion (p &lt; .0001), fourteen (50%) provide such evidence reflecting the extremely high powered design. Seven (25%) of the replications had effect sizes larger than the original finding and 21 (75%) had effect sizes smaller than the original finding. The median comparable Cohen’s d effect sizes for original findings was 0.60 and for replications was 0.15. Sixteen replications (57%) had small effect sizes (&lt; .20) and 9 (32%) were in the opposite direction from the original finding. Across settings, 11 (39%) showed significant heterogeneity using the Q statistic and most of those were among the findings eliciting the largest overall effect sizes; only one effect that was near zero in the aggregate showed significant heterogeneity. Only one effect showed a Tau &gt; 0.20 indicating moderate heterogeneity. Nine others had a Tau near or slightly above 0.10 indicating slight heterogeneity. In moderation tests, very little heterogeneity was attributable to task order, administration in lab versus online, and exploratory WEIRD versus less WEIRD culture comparisons. Cumulatively, variability in observed effect sizes was more attributable to the effect being studied than the sample or setting in which it was studied. Data, materials and code available at: https://osf.io/8cd4r/</a

Enhancement of Hoisting System Performance

In this paper it is required to enhance the performance of a mechanical system (here: a Hoisting System) where it is preferred to lift a different payloads with approximately the same speed of lifting and keeping at the same time the good performance, and this of course needs some intelligence of the system which will be responsible on measuring the present load and taking into account the speed and performance desired in order to achieve the requirements or the criteria. The process therefore is a Mechatronics System design which includes a measuring system, a control or automation technique, and an actuating system. The criteria built here in this research using a given Hoist system's characteristics and parameters and changing one of these parameters by the actuator depending on load value (i.e. making a calibration with which there will be a given value of the intentional parameter at which the speed and performance reach the requirements to any load value)

Induced systemic resistance and promotion of wheat and barley plants growth by biotic and non-biotic agents against barley yellow dwarf virus

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is an important virus infecting wheat and barley plants and transmitted by several species of aphids in Iraq. Pseudomonas fluorescence and Azospirillum irakense at 108 CFU/ml, Sea force extract and Elsa fungicide at 1 ml/L were used to induce resistance in the plant against BYDV. The four elements were applied before and after virus-plant inoculation. Results show that all elements stimulated plant growth as estimated by plant heights and chlorophyll concentrations, and elicited significant reduction in disease incidence as determine by BYDV-disease scoring symptoms. The applications of these elements twice (before and after virus inoculation) were found to be more efficient in promoting plant growth and reducing virus disease score. The plant heights, chlorophyll concentrations and BYDV-disease scores were 82.25, 85.59, 74.38, 76.26 cm, 54.19, 45.81, 47.98, 47.85 μg/cm2 and 2.0, 3.2, 2.8, 3.3 for P. fluorescence, A. irakense, Sea force extract, and Elsa fungicide treatments, respectively as compared to 62.08 cm, 38.10 μg/cm2 and 1.2 in control treatments for the same parameters. P. fluorescence was more efficient in reducing disease incidence (2.0) as compared to 3.2 with A. irakense, 2.8 with Sea force extract, 3.3 with Elsa, and 5.4 with control. The partially resistant lines, (IBA 99, Arivate and Karonea) were found to be more responsive to treatments than the susceptible ones (Hashmia and Kara).Key words: Sea force extract, barley yellow dwarf virus, Azospirillum irakense, Elsa fungicide

Non-destructive evaluation of reclaimed asphalt cement concrete

Reclaimed asphalt (RA) has been increasingly used as an alternative aggregate in the manufacture of low to medium strength cement concrete. It is the aim here to investigate the behaviour and properties of concrete made with RA, using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV). Most previous investigations using UPV have been into gravel concrete starting between 1–7 days and up to 28 days. In this research, the application of UPV has been extended to cement concrete made with RA aggregate at the very early age, taken here as the period starting immediately after concrete mixing and up to 28 days. An early age test system for continuous ultrasonic monitoring of fresh concretes has been used to assess important properties, such as early age strength, using UPV measurements. Concrete mixes with different water/cement ratios (.4–.7) were used. Empirical models have been produced relating compressive strength and UPV for early age RA concrete

How do salespeople help make buyer’s resources available?

Purpose of the paper and literature addressed There is great emphasis by researchers on the issue of co-creation of value across business-to-business buyer-seller relationships because co-creation is the source of much development of improved products, processes, and relationship value outcomes. Therefore an important issue for managers in a selling organization is how they can ensure good access to the resources of their buyers, as it is the interaction between buyer and seller and the resultant integration of resources that is the basis for co-creation. This paper deals with a closely related concern: how do salespeople facilitate availability of a buyer’s important and useful resources to effect positive outcomes for the firm? The study utilizes the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing integration and network concepts and the sales literature to identify a set of dimensions of the activities into which a salesperson should put his or her efforts in order to facilitate the availability of customers’ resources to the sellers’ firm and thereby aid value creation. The study then tests the validity of these dimensions through several steps. Research method The study first reviews the literature to identify six activities to test as dimensions of a “salesperson’s level of effort” in facilitating availability of the buyer’s resources to the seller. The researchers next interview senior company executives to further develop the dimensions and help identify measures. A survey then collects quantitative data and analyzes it using correlations and confirmatory factor analysis. Research findings After purification of some items out of the scales, the study’s measurement model has good fit statistics and the dimensions of the “salesperson’s level of effort” construct show good reliability and validity. The six dimensions are effort by the salesperson in: learning about the buyer; learning about the seller (their own firm); customer contact; providing service; selling; co-ordination. Main contribution The study develops a set of measures for level of salesperson’s effort in relationship development and the ability of the seller to access its buyer’s resources. By doing so, the study provides the basis for further research into relations between salesperson’s effort, availability of buyer’s resources, and relationship outcomes which research can assess in terms of value and performance