Interpreting Analysis on Rhetorical Strategies Modeling in Computer Science Research Articles

Description on rhetorical strategies modeling proposed by experts in the field of language provides clues on strategies used in research writing. However, the interpretation and analysis on the utilization of the rhetorical strategies models are limited to comparing the strategies used in articles grouped according to research disciplines such as biomedical, linguistics, and arts. In view of the constraint, this chapter focuses on the interpretations of rhetorical strategies modeling by analyzing the computer science research articles in a few categories. The first interpretation of analysis is on the articles with high and low citation index, followed by analysis on the articles grouped according to journal wise population and lastly analysis on articles written by non-native writers. The interpretation of the analysis suggested that the strategies proposed in the models are used differently by the writers of articles with high and low citations, writers of different journals, and non-native writers. The descriptions provided in this chapter account on the important strategies utilized by highly cited writers, specific journals, and non-native writers

Review on Adsorption of Heavy Metal in Wastewater by Using Geopolymer

Rapid development of advanced technology in Malaysia gave impact increasing in the accumulation of heavy metal every day in our daily life through wastewater. Long term exposure of human bodies to heavy metals susceptible to receives various infections and diseases. From an environmental and economic perspective, adsorption is acceptable process that can be applied in wastewater treatment. However, usage of activated carbon most acknowledged and costly adsorbents lead people to find an alternative to activated carbon. Several studies of physical properties of geopolymer make them gain attention to replace an activated carbon in the treatment of heavy metal. This paper review adsorption of heavy metal by using geopolymer

Chapter Fly Ash as a Cementitious Material for Concrete

This paper presents a review on fly ash as prime materials used for geopolymer. Due to its advantages of abundant resources, less in cost, great workability and high physical properties, fly ash leads to achieving high mechanical properties. Fly ash is considered as one of the largest generated industrial solid wastes or so-called industrial by-products, around the world particularly in China, India, and USA. The characteristics of fly ash allow it to be a geotechnical material to produce geopolymer cement or concrete as an alternative of ordinary Portland cement. Many efforts are made in this direction to formulate a suitable mix design of fly ash-based geopolymer by focusing on fly ash as the main prime material. The physical properties, chemical compositions, and chemical activation of fly ash are analyzed and evaluated in this review paper. Reference has been made to different ASTM, ACI standards, and other researches work in geopolymer area

Fly Ash as a Cementitious Material for Concrete

This paper presents a review on fly ash as prime materials used for geopolymer. Due to its advantages of abundant resources, less in cost, great workability and high physical properties, fly ash leads to achieving high mechanical properties. Fly ash is considered as one of the largest generated industrial solid wastes or so-called industrial by-products, around the world particularly in China, India, and USA. The characteristics of fly ash allow it to be a geotechnical material to produce geopolymer cement or concrete as an alternative of ordinary Portland cement. Many efforts are made in this direction to formulate a suitable mix design of fly ash-based geopolymer by focusing on fly ash as the main prime material. The physical properties, chemical compositions, and chemical activation of fly ash are analyzed and evaluated in this review paper. Reference has been made to different ASTM, ACI standards, and other researches work in geopolymer area

Utilization of bottom ash for alkali-activated (SI-AL) materials: a review

In Malaysia, 180 tons/day of solid waste bottom ash are produced by a Tanjung Bin power station, which is one of the four coal power plants in Malaysia. Hence, to overcome this problem, the solid waste could be used as source material in construction industry using geopolymer technique. Alkali-activated materials are introduced as an alternative materials to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in the construction industry. There are many types of alkaline activator raw materi als such as bottom ash, fly ash, metakaolin and so on that can be substituted the materials existing such as cement and fine or course aggregate in the market now to make any production where the materials are coming from waste.The geopolymerization process involves a substantially fast chemical reaction under alkaline conditions with Si and Al minerals that results in a three‐dimensional polymeric chain and ring structure consisting of Si‐O‐Al‐O. The higher Si‐O‐Al‐O bonds are contained in the geopolymer, the higher compressive strength results will find. Several types of building materials such as

The Influence of Sodium Hydroxide Concentration on Physical Properties and Strength Development of High Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer as Pavement Base Materials

This paper deals with the development of high calcium fly ash based geopolymers. Geopolymer paste was prepared from fly ash alkaline activator solutions using various mix design including molarity of sodium hydroxide used (6-14M) with solid-to-liquid ratio (1.0-3.0) and the sample were curing at ambient temperature. In this paper, flow value, setting time and unconfined compressive strength of high calcium fly ash based geopolymer paste was carried out using flow table equipment, Vicat's apparatus and compression testing machine to measure the properties caused by high calcium fly ash. It was found that solid to liquid ratio of 2.0 and NaOH molarity of 12M was the best mix design to be applied due to its maximum unconfined compressive strength achieved (up to 19MPa at 28 days) as well as its flow ability of the fresh paste which shown better result compared to other mix designs. High calcium was also found to result in higher strength

Properties impact from wastewater treatment sludge utilized into fired clay bricks

Disposal of wastewater treatment plant sludge waste into landfills has become a serious threat to the global environment due to the massive generated every year. Nevertheless, a relevant alternative solution could be developed as recently rapid growing interest in the usage of sludge material to the manufacturing of fired clay brick has been observed. The utilization of these waste materials in fired clay bricks usually has positive effects on the properties such as lightweight bricks with improved shrinkage, porosity, and strength. The primary objective of this study is to focus on the properties impact of the wastewater treatment sludge incorporated into fired clay bricks. The characteristics of raw materials obtained by using the X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer showed that the chemical composition of the raw materials of clay soil and wastewater treatment sludge was high with silicon dioxide and with the same chemical composition Type A and Type B of wastewater treatment sludge are suitable to replace clay soil as raw materials. The recommended percentage of wastewater treatment sludge incorporation was up to 20% with better physical and mechanical properties. The physical and mechanical properties were tested according to BS 3921:1985. The results showed that the utilization of Type A and Type B into brick manufacturing complied with BS 3921:1985 standard requirements. Therefore, wastewater treatment sludge can be material for brick production with appropriate mix and design and as an alternative environmentally friendly disposal method

Mechanical and durability analysis of fly ash based geopolymer with various compositions for rigid pavement applications

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a conventional material used to construct rigid pave�ment that emits large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) during its manufacturing process, which is bad for the environment. It is also claimed that OPC is susceptible to acid attack, which increases the maintenance cost of rigid pavement. Therefore, a fly ash based geopolymer is proposed as a material for rigid pavement application as it releases lesser amounts of CO2 during the synthesis process and has higher acid resistance compared to OPC. This current study optimizes the formulation to produce fly ash based geopolymer with the highest compressive strength. In addition, the durability of fly ash based geopolymer concrete and OPC concrete in an acidic environment is also determined and compared. The results show that the optimum value of sodium hydroxide concentration, the ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, and the ratio of solid-to-liquid for fly ash based geopolymer are 10 M, 2.0, and 2.5, respectively, with a maximum compressive strength of 47 MPa. The results also highlight that the durability of fly ash based geopolymer is higher than that of OPC concrete, indicating that fly ash based geopolymer is a better material for rigid pavement applications, with a percentage of compressive strength loss of 7.38% to 21.94% for OPC concrete. This current study contributes to the field of knowledge by providing a reference for future development of fly ash based geopolymer for rigid pavement applications

Introduction to Metallic Biomaterials

The paper presents a bibliographic study about the metallic biomaterials, synthesizing the aspects related to properties, applicability, obtaining methods. Biomaterials can be used as medical devices, implants and prostheses. The metallic biomaterials are classified, by chemical composition and structure, in: pure technical metals, metallic alloys and composites with metallic matrix. The material quality of an implant must respect the following criteria: biochemical criteria and biomechanical ones. According to the biochemical criterion, the applicability of a material is determined by its biocompatibility, and from the biochemical criteria, it is determined by the fatigue resistance, the most important parameter, but not the only one