AERO-MAP: A data compilation and modelling approach to understand spatial variability in fine and coarse mode aerosol composition

Aerosol particles are an important part of the Earth system, but their concentrations are spatially and temporally heterogeneous, as well as variable in size and composition. Particles can interact with incoming solar radiation and outgoing long wave radiation, change cloud properties, affect photochemistry, impact surface air quality, change the surface albedo of snow and ice, and modulate carbon dioxide uptake by the land and ocean. High particulate matter concentrations at the surface represent an important public health hazard. There are substantial datasets describing aerosol particles in the literature or in public health databases, but they have not been compiled for easy use by the climate and air quality modelling community. Here we present a new compilation of PM2.5 and PM10 aerosol observations, focusing on the spatial variability across different observational stations, including composition, and demonstrate a method for comparing the datasets to model output. Overall, most of the planet or even the land fraction does not have sufficient observations of surface concentrations, and especially particle composition to understand the current distribution of particles. Most climate models exclude 10–30 % of the aerosol particles in both PM2.5 and PM10 size fractions across large swaths of the globe in their current configurations, with ammonium nitrate and agricultural dust aerosol being the most important omitted aerosol types

MLH1 - 93G > A and I219V polymorphisms are susceptible to increased risk of sporadic colorectal cancer in a Turkish population

Colorectal cancer (CRC) comprises approximately 10% of all cancers and is a major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality despite current diagnostic and treatment improvements. DNA damage and altered DNA replication through the deregulation of related genes cause genomic instability in sporadic CRC. DNA repair is very complex; many factors play a role to ensure that the restoration of errors occurs during the transfer of genetic material. MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) is one of the vital DNA repair genes responsible for genomic stability. Together with environmental factors, the genetic background may be associated with CRC development; thus, genetic polymorphisms are considered as risk factors. The present prospective case-control study aimed to determine the association between 93G>A and I219V polymorphisms of MLH1 and CRC susceptibility in a Turkish population. The genotyping of 158 patients and 164 age- and sex-matched controls was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Two variants, 93G>A and I219V, were associated with an increased risk of CRC. Individuals with A allele of 93G>A had an approximately 2-fold risk (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.22-3.04; p<0.01) and those with G allele of I219V had an approximately 3-fold risk (OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.76-4.52; p<0.01) of developing CRC. Our results provide novel information for understanding the influence of MLH1 on CRC risk in the Turkish population; however, further studies with a larger number of participants are required

Determining the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients who undergo orthopaedic surgical interventions in Turkey

Objectives: To determine the incidence of postoperative delirium in elderly patients having undergone orthopaedic surgical interventions

Phosphorus-Nitrogen Compounds. 21. Syntheses, Structural Investigations, Biological Activities, and DNA Interactions of New N/O Spirocyclic Phosphazene Derivatives. The NMR Behaviors of Chiral Phosphazenes with Stereogenic Centers upon the Addition of Chiral Solvating Agents

Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382; COSUT, Bunyemin/0000-0001-6530-0205;WOS: 000280365300046PubMed: 20583756The reactions of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazatriene, N3P3Cl6, with N/O-donor-type N-alkyl (or aryl)-o-hydroxybenzylamines (la-le) produce mono- (2a-2e), di- (3a-3d), and tri- (4a and 4b) spirocyclic phosphazenes. The tetrapyrrolidino monospirocyclic phosphazenes (2f-2i) are prepared from the reactions of partly substituted compounds (2a-2d) with excess pyrrolidine. The dispirodipyrrolidinophosphazenes (3e-3h) and trispirophosphazenes (3i-3k) are obtained from the reactions of trans-dispirophosphazenes with excess pyrrolidine and sodium (3-amino-1-propanoxide), respectively. Compounds 3a-3d have cis and trans geometric isomers. Only the trans isomers of these compounds are isolated. Compounds 3a-3h have two stereogenic P atoms. They are expected to be in cis (meso) and trans (racemic) geometric isomers. In the trans trispiro compounds (3i-3k), there are three stereogenic P atoms. They are expected to be in racemic mixtures. The stereogenic properties of 3a-3k are confirmed by P-31 NMR spectroscopy upon the addition of the chiral solvating agent; (S)-(+)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9'-anthryl)ethanol. The molecular structures of 3i-3k, 4a, and 4b look similar to a propeller, where the chemical environment of one P atom is different from that of others. Additionally, 4a and 4b are also expected to exist as cis-trans-trans and cis-cis-cis geometric isomers, but both of them are found to be in cis-trans-trans geometries. The solid-state structures of 2a, 2e, 2f, 3e, and 31 are determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds 2f-2i, 3e-3i, and 3k are screened for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and for antifungal activity against yeast strains. These compounds (except 3f) have shown a strong affinity against most of the bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) are determined for 2f-2i, 3e-3i, and 3k. DNA binding and the nature of interaction with pUC18 plasmid DNA are studied. The compounds 2f-2i, 3e-3i, and 3k induce changes on the DNA mobility. The prevention of BamHI and HindIII digestion (except 2g) with compounds indicates that the compounds bind with nucleotides in DNA.Scientific and Technical Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [106T503]; Hacettepe University, Scientific Researchs UnitHacettepe University [02 02 602 002]The authors acknowledge the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (Grant 106T503). T. H. is indebted to Hacettepe University, Scientific Researchs Unit (Grant 02 02 602 002) for financial support

Datasets for: AERO-MAP: A data compilation and modelling approach to understand the fine and coarse mode aerosol composition

&lt;p&gt;This repository contains the data compilation, gridded datasets, model output, model source code changes and model inputs for the paper: &ldquo;AERO-MAP: A data compilation and modelling approach to understand the fine and coarse mode aerosol composition &ldquo;.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&nbsp;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;There are two subdirectories as tar files:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;collectoutputfiles.zip: which contains the detailed data descriptions in a csv files, gridded data in netcdf and model output in netcdf format.&nbsp; More details in the README file in that zipped directory.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;modelfiles.zip: which contains the Source code changes and input files needed to reproduce the simulations in the paper. More details in the README file in that zipped directory.&lt;/p&gt