The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of women in a rural area in western Turkey

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish women, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine levels of knowledge about breast cancer and to evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes breast self- examination (BSE) and mammography in a group of women aged 20–64 in a rural area of western Turkey. METHODS: 244 women were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this study. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables, a risk factors and signs of breast cancer form and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Bivariate correlation analysis, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 37.7 ± 13.7. 49.2% of women were primary school graduates, 67.6% were married. Although 76.6% of the women in this study reported that they had heard or read about breast cancer, our study revealed that only 56.1% of them had sufficient knowledge of breast cancer, half of whom had acquired the information from health professionals. Level of breast cancer knowledge was the only variable significantly associated with the BSE and mammography practice (p = 0.011, p = 0.007). BSE performers among the study group were more likely to be women who exhibited higher confidence and perceived greater benefits from BSE practice, and those who perceived fewer barriers to BSE performance and possessed knowledge of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence women's BSE and mammography practice

Bleeding risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome in a Turkish population results from the Turkish acute coronary syndrome registry (TACSER) study

Objective Bleeding is one of the most important causes of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study therefore aimed to investigate bleeding risk in patients with ACS who were scheduled to receive dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in Turkey. Methods This was a multicentre, observational, cross-sectional cohort study. The study population included 963 patients with ACS from 12 centres in Turkey. We used the Predicting Bleeding Complication in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score to predict the bleeding risk for all the patients. The patients were divided into high (>= 25) or low (= 25). Compared with the male patients, the female patients had higher PRECISE-DAPT scores (28.2 +/- 15.7 vs 18.4 +/- 13.6,P = 25 was 53%, while among the male patients, the score occurred at a rate of 22%. The female patients had lower haemoglobin (Hb) levels than the male patients (12.1 +/- 1.7 vs 13.8 +/- 1.9,P < .001) and lower creatinine clearance (70.7 +/- 27.5 vs 88.7 +/- 26.3,P < .001). The in-hospital bleeding rates were higher among the patients with high PRECISE-DAPT scores than among those who did not have high scores. Furthermore, the patients with high PRECISE-DAPT scores had a higher in-hospital mortality rate compared with those with low PRECISE-DAPT scores (1% vs 0%,P = .11). Conclusions The mean PRECISE-DAPT score was high among the patients with ACS in this study, indicating that the bleeding tendency was high. This study showed that the PRECISE-DAPT score may help physicians determine the type and duration of DAPT, especially in patients with ACS in Turkey

Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index as a Predictor of Left Atrial Thrombosis in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation

Background: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has recently been investigated for cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between SII and left atrial thrombosis (LAT). Methods: This retrospective, case-control study recruited patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for LAT detection before cardioversion or catheter ablation at a tertiary hospital between 2012 and 2021. Demographic characteristics were obtained from the hospital data system. According to TEE findings, the patients were categorized into LAT (+) and (-) groups. Age, gender, history of chronic diseases, urea, creatinine, albumin, hemogram parameters, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), SII, the CHADS₂ score, the CHA₂DS₂-VASc score, echocardiographic parameters, antiaggregant-anticoagulant use, and non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were included and analyzed. Results: The study population consisted of 403 patients, including 228 men (56.6%), at a mean age of 60.84±12.26 years. A high white blood cell count (WBC) (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.51; P=0.013), a high SII (OR, 1.00, 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.00; P=0.003), and a low ejection fraction (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99; P=0.018) were independent predictors of LAT (+). A spontaneous echo contrast (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.35 to 4.39; P=0.003) was associated with LAT (+). SII values above 693.6 predicted LAT (+) with 71.6% sensitivity and 71.7% specificity (AUC, 0.77; P<0.001). The predictiveness of SII was similar to that of NLR (0.77 vs 0.74, P=0.093) but higher than PLR (0.77 vs 0.67; P<0.001) and WBC (0.77 vs 0.69; P=0.031). Conclusion: SII is an independent predictor of LAT in patients with NVAF

14-16. yüzyıl Edirne hamamlarında kullanılan yapım teknikleri.

Ottoman public baths located in Turkey were formed by blending different cultures and their bathing traditions of the civilizations inhabited this region throughout time. These buildings consist of a multi-component system involving different parts that are arranged in a highly sophisticated way. Conservation principles of these buildings may differ from case to case. On the other hand, in all cases, the first stage of any conservation implementation should be based on understanding and appreciation of all aspects of their values. For a precise understanding, all features of the building must be defined, investigated, and documented. Ottoman public baths differ from the other monuments in their complex and advanced physical features, especially their construction techniques and installation systems. The public bath buildings constructed in Edirne, which had been an important role as a capital and maintained its importance for a long time, are include many important information about these systems. The aim of this thesis is to document, analyse, and evaluate the construction techniques of the 14-16th century Ottoman public baths located in Edirne.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

Enzymatic applications in fruit juice industry

Pektik maddeler, hemiselüloz, selüloz, lignin ve nişasta gibi polimerler, polifenoller, proteinler, arabanlar, tanenler ve metaller gibi maddeler meyve suyunda bulanıklığa yol açmaktadır. Berrak ve stabil bir meyve suyu üretimi için bu kolloidler küçük moleküllerine kadar parçalanmalıdır. Bu amaçla kullanılan pektik enzimler; poligalakturonazlar, pektin esterazlar, pektin liyazlar ve pektat liyazlardır. Ayrıca selülazlar, hemiselülazlar, amilazlar ve arabanazlar gibi diğer enzimler de kullanılmaktadır. Bu sayede meyve suyu verimi, presleme ve durultma verimi artmakta, vizkositenin düşmesine bağlı olarak filtrasyon kolaylaşmakta ve daha berrak bir ürün elde edilmektedir. Bu derlemede özellikle önemli pektolitik enzimler, bunların substratları olan pektik bileşikler ve meyve suyu sanayinde bu enzimlerin kullanımı anlatılmıştır.Turbidity in fruit juice is caused by polymers such as pectic substances, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and starch, and by some compounds such as polyphenols, proteins, arabans, tannins and metals. These colloids need to be degraded to small molecules for manufacturing a clear and stable fruit juice. Following are the pectic enzymes used for the degradation of these colloids; polygalacturonases, pectin esterases, pectin liyases and pectat liyases. In addition, cellulases, hemicellulases, amylases, arabanazes and some other enzymes are also used for the degradation. The enzyme application increases fruit juice yield and press yield and improves clarification process, furthermore the filtration becomes easier and a clear product is obtained due to low viscosity. In this review, important pectolytic enzymes and their substrates including pectic compounds and use of these enzymes in the fruit juice industry are described

In combating with externality the role of regulatory and supervisory institutions: Rtük example

Dışsallık, bir ekonomik birimin üretim veya tüketim faaliyetinden dolayı ortaya çıkan fayda ve kayıpların üçüncü kişiler üzerindeki etkisi olarak tanımlanabilir. Düzenleyici ve denetleyici kurumlar özellikle enerji, telekomünikasyon, finans gibi ekonominin hassas olduğu ve uzmanlık gerektirdiği sektörlerde faaliyet göstermekte ve uyulacak kuralları belirlemektedir. Bu alanlar arasında RTÜK, doğrudan piyasa ekonomisinin düzenlenmesi ile ilgili olmadığı için ayrı bir öneme sahiptir. RTÜK tarafından, radyo ve televizyonlarda yayınlanan programlara yönelik olarak ve toplumsal menfaatler göz önünde bulundurularak bazı kararlar alındığı görülmektedir. Bu kararlar, bazen toplumda olumsuz etki oluşturabilecek programların negatif dışsallıklarının önlenmesi şeklinde olabileceği gibi, yayınlanması ile topluma fayda sağlayan programların, belirli kurallar dâhilinde teşvik edilmesiyle pozitif dışsallığın yayılmasını sağlamak şeklinde de olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada RTÜK tarafından hazırlanan projelerin ve alınan kararların dışsallık ile mücadelesi betimsel bir metot ile incelenmektedir.Externality can be defined as the effect of benefits and losses arising from the production or consumption activity of an economic unit on third parties. Regulatory and supervisory institutions operates in sectors such as specially energy, telecommunications and finance where the economy is fragile and requires expertise and sets the rules to be followed. Among these areas RTÜK, is of particular importance as it is not related to the regulation of the directly market economy By RTÜK, it is seen that some decisions are take regarding the as programs oriented published on radio and televisions and by considering social interests. These decisions, can sometimes be in the form of preventing the negative externalities of programs that may have negative impact in the society, or they can be in the form provide spread of positive externality with by encouraging within certain rules of the programs that benefit the society with their publication. In this study, the struggle of projects and decisions made by RTÜK with externality is examined with a descriptive method

Determination of Some Mineral Substances in Clarified Lemon Juice Production Stages

Bu çalışmada, ticari bir meyve suyu konsantre üretim tesisinde berrak limon suyu ve konsantresi üretilmiştir. Berrak limon suyu ve konsantresi üretim aşamalarından alınan örneklerde mineral maddelerden kalsiyum (Ca), sodyum (Na), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn), potasyum (K) ve magnezyum (Mg) analizleri yapılmıştır. Analizi gerçekleştirilen tüm mineral maddelerde durultma aşamasıyla birlikte artışların, filtrasyon aşamasından sonra ise azalışların olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Berrak limon suyu örneklerinin kağıt filtre çıkışındaki Ca içeriği 101.21±9.80 mg/L, Fe içeriği 2.93±0.02 mg/L, K içeriği 711.04±41.68 mg/L, Mg içeriği 22.57±20.13 mg/L, Na içeriği 15.28±3.96 mg/L, Zn içeriği 0.23±0.01 mg/L olarak belirlenmiştirIn this study, clarified lemon juice and its concentrate were produced in a commercial fruit juice production plant. Mineral substances such as calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) in samples obtained from production stages of clear lemon juice and its concentrate were determined. While the increase in the amounts of all minerals was observed with clarification stage, the decrease was recorded after filtration. Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and Zn contents in the output of paper filter of clear lemon juice samples were determined as 101.21±9.80 mg/L, 2.93±0.02 mg/L, 711.04±41.68 mg/L, 22.57±20.13 mg/L, 15.28±3.96 mg/L and 0.23±0.01 mg/L, respectivel