Seroprevalence of paratuberculosis in cattle in Ardahan region

Bu çalışmada Ardahan yöresindeki süt sığırlarında paratüberküloz’un (pTB) prevalansının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Ardahan merkez ve ilçelerinden rastgele seçilen 11 odak ve bu odaklardaki 22 işletmeden alınan toplam 400 sığır kan serumu çalışmanın materyalini oluşturdu. Çalışmada, sığır kan serum örneklerinde ‘’Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis’’ (MAP) antikorlarının araştırılması amacıyla ticari Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) antikor test kiti kullanıldı. Analiz sonucunda 400 hayvandan 17’sinde MAP yönünden pozitiflik belirlendi. Ardahan ili ve çevresindeki yaygınlık oranı %4,25 (17/400) olarak tespit edildi. Örnek alınan toplam 22 çiftliğin 9’unda paratüberküloz’un varlığı tespit edildi. Bu sonuçla, Ardahan yöresindeki süt sığırlarında pTB’un subklinik olarak bulunduğu ve ekonomik kayıplara yol açabileceği öngörülmüştür. Bu hastalığın zoonotik olduğu düşünüldüğünde halk sağlığının da etkilenebileceği söylenebilir. Bu nedenle pTB ile ilgili daha fazla çalışma yapılması faydalı olacaktır.In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of paratuberculosis the dairy cattle of Ardahan province. 11 focuses randomly selected from the Ardahan center and its districts and a total of 400 cattle blood sera from 22 farms in these centers constituted the study material. In the study, commercial ELISA antibody test kit was used to investigate ‘’Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis’’ (MAP) antibodies in cattle blood serum samples. As a result of the analysis, 17 of 400 animals were positive for MAP and prevalence in Ardahan province and its vicinity was determined as 4.25% (17/400). Paratuberculosis was detected in 9 of 22 farms sampled. This result has been predicted that pTB is subclinical in dairy cattle in Ardahan region and may cause economic losses. Considering that this disease is zoonotic, it can be said that public health may also be affected. Therefore, it will be beneficial to carry out more studies on pTB

Expanding gray zones in ERCC2 mutations; a patient with XP phenotype and acute post-infectious leukodystrophy

Mutations in ERCC2, a Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) gene leads to Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne Syndrome (CS) phenotypes with various severities. While patients undergo XP disease are primarily suffering from skin hypersensitivity but rarely having central nervous system problems, TTD and CS patients are mostly having neurological disorders. In addition to that severe changes in hair and nail texture are especially unique to TTD. Hereby we report a previously healthy patient developed a rapid neurological decline and severe leukodystrophy due to an acute infection in which kept up with mild UV sensitivity and mild developmental delay. Pathophysiology of infection related neurodegeneration and DNA repair genes are also discussed

Pnömonili sığırlarda miyeloid hücrelerde eksprese edilen mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin ve soluble tetikleyici reseptörün serum düzeyleri

This study aimed to determine the serum levels of two inflammatory biomarkers, named, mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-Pro ADM) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1), in cattle diagnosed with pneumonia. For this purpose, 40 patient female cattle, which were aged 2-7 years and displayed coughing, dyspnea, nasal discharge, anorexia and abdominal respiration, and 15 healthy female cattle within the same age range, were evaluated. The diseased cattle underwent clinical and radiological examinations and were sampled for blood prior to receiving treatment. The healthy subjects also underwent clinical examination and were sampled for blood once. Blood samples were used for biochemical and hematological measurements. While the diseased group had higher serum levels of MR-Pro ADM (86.38±6.33), compared to the healthy control group (61.81±4.96); the pneumonic cattle had lower levels of sTREM-1 (75.93±1.86), in comparison to the healthy group (96.55±9.13). In conclusion: MR-Pro ADM and sTREM-1 levels are very important diagnostically in cattle with pneumonia.Bu çalışma, pnömoni tanısı konulan sığırlarda mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-Pro ADM) ve miyeloid hücrelerde eksprese soluble tetikleyici reseptör olmak üzere iki enflamatuvar biyobelirteç ile bazı biyokimyasal ve hematolojik parametrelerin serum düzeylerinin belirlenmesini amaçladı. Bu amaçla 2-7 yaş arası öksürük, nefes darlığı, burun akıntısı, iştahsızlık ve abdominal solunumu gösteren 40 hasta dişi sığır ve aynı yaş aralığında 15 sağlıklı dişi sığır değerlendirildi. Hasta sığırlar tedavi edilmeden önce klinik ve radyolojik muayenelere tabi tutuldu ve kan örnekleri alındı. Sağlıklı sığırlar ayrıca klinik muayeneye tabi tutuldu ve bir kez kan örnekleri alındı. Kan örnekleri biyokimyasal ve hematolojik ölçümler için kullanıldı. Hasta grupta MR-Pro ADM serum düzeyleri (86,38±6,33) kontrol grubuna (61,81±4,96) göre daha yüksek bulundu. Hasta sığırların sTREM-1 seviyeleri (75,93±1,86) sağlıklı gruba kıyasla (96,55±9,13) karşılaştırıldığında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşük bulundu. Sonuç olarak: MR-Pro ADM ve sTREM-1 seviyeleri pnömonili sığırlarda diagnostik açıdan oldukça önemlidir

Deneysel epilepsi modelinde içeri doğrultucu potasyum kanallarının kalpteki rolü

Klinik ve deneysel araştırmalardan elde edilen kanıtlar, epilepsinin kalp fonksiyonu etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir, fakat bunun moleküler mekanizması henüz tam olarak bilinmemektedir. ABSTRACT Evidence obtained from clinical and experimental studies show that epilepsy could affect cardiac function; however, the molecular mechanism underlying has not been fully understood yet

Deneysel epilepsi modelinde içeri doğrultucu potasyum kanallarının kalpteki rolü

ÖZETKlinik ve deneysel araştırmalardan elde edilen kanıtlar, epilepsinin kalp fonksiyonu etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir, fakat bunun moleküler mekanizması henüz tam olarak bilinmemektedir.ABSTRACTEvidence obtained from clinical and experimental studies show that epilepsy could affect cardiac function; however, the molecular mechanism underlying has not been fully understood yet

Evaluation of the parents’ anxiety levels before and after the diagnosis of their child with a rare genetic disease: The necessity of psychological support

Background: The diagnosis of the rare genetic diseases has great importance in treating multisystemic conditions, preventing potential complications, and estimating disease risk for family members. The duration of obtaining genetic test results is varies. The demand to learn the diagnosis of a possible untreatable illness involves a struggle between uncertainty and a lifetime chronic disease. The current uncertainty of their child's condition and the long wait for a diagnosis may increase the parents' anxiety level and cause difficulties in the continuation of diagnostic procedures in some families. This study aimed to investigate the prediagnosis and postdiagnosis anxiety levels of parents who have a child with a rare genetic disease. Method: The parents in this study, mothers or fathers, admitted their children to the Bezmialem Vakıf University Medical Genetics Clinic due to a suspected rare genetic disease (n = 40). Researchers created “The Sociodemographic Questionnaire” and used it to analyze the parents' sociodemographic status. In addition, they used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to determine the anxiety levels of the parents. Results: The state anxiety levels of parents decreased significantly after learning the diagnosis. However, there was no statistically significant decrease observed in trait anxiety levels. Conclusion: Data from this study revealed that informing parents about their child's disease and properly explaining to them the expected difficulties might help to reduce their anxiety levels. Psychological support for parents is necessary to reduce their long-term stress, thus increasing the patient's compliance with treatment

Elucidating the Potential Side Effects of Current Anti-Seizure Drugs for Epilepsy

Over the decades, various interventions have been developed and utilized to treat epilepsy. However, the majority of epileptic patients are often first prescribed anti-epileptic drugs (AED), now known as anti-seizure drugs (ASD), as the first line of defense to suppress their seizures and regain their quality of life. ASDs exert their anti-convulsant effects through various mechanisms of action, including regulation of ion channels, blocking glutamate-mediated stimulating neurotransmitter interaction, and enhancing the inhibitory GABA transmission. About one-third of epileptic patients are often resistant to anti-convulsant drugs, while others develop numerous side effects, which may lead to treatment discontinuation and further deterioration of quality of life. Common side effects of ASDs include headache, nausea and dizziness. However, more adverse effects, such as auditory and visual problems, skin problems, liver dysfunction, pancreatitis and kidney disorders may also be witnessed. Some ASDs may even result in life-threatening conditions as well as serious abnormalities, especially in patients with comorbidities and in pregnant women. Nevertheless, some clinicians had observed a reduction in the development of side effects post individualized ASD treatment. This suggests that a careful and well-informed ASD recommendation to patients may be crucial for an effective and side-effect-free control of their seizures. Therefore, this review aimed to elucidate the anticonvulsant effects of ASDs as well as their side effect profile by discussing their mechanism of action and reported adverse effects based on clinical and preclinical studies, thereby providing clinicians with a greater understanding of the safety of current ASDs

Evaluation of linagliptin and insulin combined therapy on unfolded protein response in type 1 diabetic mouse heart

The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of the use of linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor due to its beneficial cardiovascular effects, on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) signaling, which is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications related to type 1 diabetes. BALB/c female mice (n = 72) were divided into six groups: control, diabetes+insulin, diabetes+linagliptin, diabetes+linagliptin+insulin, diabetes+TUDCA, and diabetes+TUDCA+insulin. Immunohistochemistry and western blot method, qRT-PCR, ELISA method, and malondialdehyde (MDA) measurements were performed. Linagliptin administered to the type 1 diabetic mouse heart significantly reduced the expression levels of the total and cleaved forms of ATF6, ATF4, and p-JNK, caspase 3. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses revealed that cleaved caspase 3 protein expression was significantly increased in the diabetes+insulin group compared to the other groups. According to ELISA findings, TUDCA was more effective in reducing NOX 1 and MDA levels than linagliptin. While linagliptin decreased the Chop mRNA level, no change was observed in the Grp78 mRNA level. Our findings showed that there was not much difference between the administration of linagliptin alone or in combination with insulin. Our study reveals that linagliptin is an effective therapeutic agent on ERS and apoptotic UPR in type 1 diabetic hearts

Envisioning the role of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channel in epilepsy

Epilepsy is a devastating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures attributed to the disruption of the dynamic excitatory and inhibitory balance in the brain. Epilepsy has emerged as a global health concern affecting about 70 million people worldwide. Despite recent advances in pre-clinical and clinical research, its etiopathogenesis remains obscure, and there are still no treatment strategies modifying disease progression. Although the precise molecular mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis have not been clarified yet, the role of ion channels as regulators of cellular excitability has increasingly gained attention. In this regard, emerging evidence highlights the potential implication of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels in epileptogenesis. Kir channels consist of seven different subfamilies (Kir1-Kir7), and they are highly expressed in both neuronal and glial cells in the central nervous system. These channels control the cell volume and excitability. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical evidence on the role of the several subfamilies of Kir channels in epileptogenesis, aiming to shed more light on the pathogenesis of this disorder and pave the way for future novel therapeutic approaches.Monash University MalaysiaMonash UniversityYNP acknowledge Monash University Malaysia for awarding him with HDR scholarship