Sağlık Bilimlerine Psikolojinin Büyük Katkı Yapacağı Bir Alan: Sağlık Psikolojisi

Sağlık Psikolojisi, ilk kez 1978 yılında Matarazzo tarafından tanımlanmış olup sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülmesini, hastalıkların ve ilgili işlev kayıplarının azaltılmasını ve psikoterapisini amaçlayan psikolojinin oldukça genç bir alanıdır. Kronik hastalıklara yaşam süresince artık daha sık rastlanması, zaman içinde hastalıklar üzerindeki biyolojik ve fizyolojik etkenlerin yanı sıra psikolojik faktörlerin de etkili olduğunun görülmesi, artan araştırmalar ve sağlık hizmetleri içinde psikologların daha fazla yer almaya başlaması sağlık psikolojisinin doğmasını sağlayan önemli etkenler olmuştur. Sağlık psikologları önleyici çalışmaların (kadın sağlığı, yeme bozuklukları, sigarayı bırakma birimleri) yanı sıra hastanelerde farklı birimlerde (onkoloji, ağrı yönetimi, diyaliz), rehabilitasyon ve ağrı merkezlerinde çalışabilmektedirler. Davranışsal değerlendirmeler, klinik görüşmeler ve psikoterapötik müdahaleler yapabilmektedirler. Bununla birlikte sağlığın geliştirilmesi ve sürdürülmesi amacıyla kamu politikası çalışmalarına da katkıda bulunabilmektedirler. Üniversitelerin Psikoloji bölümlerinde, Tıp ve Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültelerinde araştırmacı, eğitimci olarak yer alabilmektedirler. Sağlık psikolojisi eğitiminde özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde belli bir standardizasyon oluşturulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Türkiye’de çok yaygın olmamakla birlikte sağlık psikolojisi alanına yönelik yüksek lisans ve doktora eğitimleri denenmektedir. Giderek artan araştırmalar ve sağlık psikologlarının farklı düzeylerde sağlığa katkısı sayesinde alana duyulan ilgi de artmaktadır

Social Support Reciprocity In Terms Of Psychosocial Variables In Care Taking And Care Giving Processes Of Spinal Cord Injury Patients And Their Care Givers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social support reciprocity's and different kinds of social support's on the relationship between psychopathology symptoms and illness psychosocial adjustment of spinal cord injury patients. Within the scope of this study Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale Self-Report, The Brief Symptom Inventory, The Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors, The Provided Social Support Scale, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. The participants were 31 patients who were diagnosed with tetraplegia and paraplegia and received treatment in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Units in hospitals in Istanbul and their caregivers. The results showed a negative relationship between psychopathology symptoms and illness psychosocial adjustment. Among the scores of perceived social support, received social support, given social support and the index score of social support reciprocity's common effects on the relationship between level of psychopathology symptoms and illness psychosocial adjustment, only social support reciprocity showed sign moderator effect on the relationship between psychopathology symptoms and illness psychosocial adjustment. According to these results, in patients with low index score of social support reciprocity, a strong relationship was found between psychopathology symptoms and illness psychosocial adjustment. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Testing the Caregiver Stress Model with the Caregivers of Hemodialysis Patients

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a long, progressive, and chronic condition that requires care. In hemodialysis treatment, which is the most preferred treatment method in CRF, caregivers (informal caregivers) and health teams (formal caregivers) have difficulties as much as patients during the period of illness, and treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate the caregiving process of hemodialysis patients' informal and formal caregivers within the frame of the "Caregiver Stress Model". Informal (N = 50, mean of age: 48.5, 92% of which were woman), and formal (N = 63, mean of age: 33.4, 84% of which were woman) caregivers from various dialysis units in Istanbul participated in the study. The Resilience Scale for Adults, The Caregiver Well-Being Scale, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, The Ways of Coping Inventory, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory were used. The results showed that the unconfident coping factor of The Ways of Coping Inventory was a moderator of the relationship between the vital activities and personal success which is sub-dimension of Maslach Burnout Inventory was revealed. Also, the findings suggested that resilience, self-confident and unconfident coping factors were significant mediators of the relationships between the vital activities and personal success. The importance of this study is that the caregiver stress model being tested on caregivers of hemodialysis patients has never appeared in the literature before. In the literature, psychological resilience, coping and social support variables, whose formative effects are frequently discussed, contributed to the mediator effects that partially supported the model. Our findings are discussed in light of other published studies in the field

Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Covid-19 Pandemisine İlişkin Algılarının Metaforlar Yoluyla İncelenmesi

Bu araştırma, eğitim sistemi içerisinde ilk basamağı oluşturan sınıf öğretmenlerinin ‘Pandemi döneminde sınıf öğretmenliği’ kavramına ilişkin görüşlerini metaforlar yoluyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılının pandemi ilan edildiği dönemden sonrası ve 2020-2021/2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yıllarında öğretmenliğe hala devam eden, oluşturulan çevrimiçi formu gönüllü olarak doldurmayı kabul eden, kartopu örneklem yöntemiyle seçilmiş, 194 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri belirlenen amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanmış olan “Pandemi sürecinde sınıf öğretmenliği yapmak ……….. gibidir, çünkü ………………..” cümlesinin bulunduğu çevrimiçi bir forma verilen cevaplar ile elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımına dayalı olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda katılımcılardan toplanan metaforlar ortak özellikleri ve uyumlarına göre kategorilere ayrılmış ve sonucunda 10 adet kavramsal kategori altında toplanmıştır. Bu kategoriler; tekno-öğretmen olmak, çok yönlü açılardan risk altında bulunmak, fedakâr olmak, kendini gerçekleştirememiş olmak, yılmaz olmak, önemli olmak, etkin ve dikkatli olmak, belirsiz sorumluluklar altında olmak, yol gösterici ve yönlendirici olmak ile zorlu ve yoğun bir dönemde bulunmak şeklinde sıralanabilir

The effects of Garcinia kola and curcumin on the dorsal root ganglion of the diabetic rat after peripheral nerve transection injury

This research article was published by Elsevier, 2024Abstract Objective To test the protective effects of Garcinia kola and curcumin on the ganglion tissues of diabetic rats following the use of autologous vein graft in peripheral nerve transection injury. Methods The sciatic nerve on the right side was transected, and anastomosis was performed between the proximal and distal ends using an autologous vein graft. Curcumin and Garcinia kola seed extract were administered daily by oral gavage. The ganglion tissues were harvested after a 90-day waiting period. Sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion at the L4 and L5 levels were used for stereological evaluations. Mean sensory neuron numbers were analyzed using a stereological technique. The size of the light and dark neurons was also estimated, and ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evaluations were performed. Results A statistically significant difference in sensory neuron numbers was observed between the groups with and without Garcinia kola and curcumin applications. The immunohistochemical results showed that the s-100 protein is expressed selectively between cell types. Conclusion The results of this study show that curcumin and Garicinia kola prevented sensory neuron loss in diabetic rats following transection injury to the sciatic nerve

Demographic and clinical characteristics of inpatient stroke patients in Turkey

Objectives: This study aims to assess the stroke rehabilitation facilities provided by university hospitals (UHs) and training and research hospitals (TRHs) and to evaluate the geographical disparities in stroke rehabilitation. Patients and methods: Between April 2013 and April 2014 a total of 1,529 stroke patients (817 males, 712 females; mean age: 61.7±14.0 years; range, 12 to 91 years) who were admitted to the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics in 20 tertiary care centers were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, regional and clinical characteristics, details of rehabilitation period, functional status, and complications were collected. Results: The median duration of stroke was five (range, 1 to 360) months. The ratio of the patients treated in the TRH in the Marmara region was 77%, but only 25% of the patients were living in the Marmara region. Duration of hospitalization was longer in the TRHs with a median of 28 days compared to those of UHs (median: 22 days) (p0.0001). More than half of the patients (55%) were rehabilitated in the Marmara region. Time after stroke was the highest in the Southeast region with a median of 12 (range, 1 to 230) months and the lowest in the Aegean region with a median of four (range, 1 to 84) months. Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the situation of stroke rehabilitation settings and characteristics of stroke patients in Turkey. A standard method of patient evaluation and a registry system may provide data about the efficacy of stroke rehabilitation and may help to focus on the problems that hinder a better outcome. © 2022 All right reserved by the Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation