299 research outputs found
Cooperative effects in surfactant adsorption layers at water/alkane interfaces
In the present work, the properties of dodecyl dimethyl phosphine oxide (C12DMPO) at the water/decane interface are studied and compared with those obtained earlier at the interface to hexane. To simulate the interfacial behavior, a two-component thermodynamic model is proposed, which combines the equation of state and Frumkin isotherm for decane with the reorientation model involving the intrinsic compressibility for the surfactant. In this approach, the surface activity of decane is governed by its interaction with C12DMPO. The theory predicts the influence of decane on the decrease of the surface tension at a very low surfactant concentration for realistic values of the ratio of the adsorbed amounts of decane and surfactant. The surfactantrsquo;s distribution coefficient between the aqueous and decane phases is determined. Two types of adsorption systems were used: a decane drop immersed into the C12DMPO aqueous solution, and a water drop immersed into the C12DMPO solution in decane. To determine the distribution coefficient, a method based on the analysis of the transfer of C12DMPO between water and decane is also employed
Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ Β«ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈΒ»: ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
One modern direction of botulinum toxin therapy in aesthetic medicine is its individualization by taking into account patientsβ specific characteristics. On the example of using incobotulinumtoxin A (botulinum toxin type A, BTA), this paper considers the possibility of using the entire range of its concentrations in creating a differentiated approach to correcting mimic wrinkles in different zones and muscular levels. This is expected to achieve the required level of individualization for an optimal aesthetic result. Aim. To assess and justify the efficacy of BTA (on the example of incobotulinumtoxin A) in various concentrations for correcting mimic wrinkles in different zones and muscular levels.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π (Π±ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π, ΠΠ’Π) Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π³Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ’Π (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Delamination and Longitudinal Cracking in Multilayered Composite Nanostructured Coatings and Their Influence on Cutting Tool Wear Mechanism and Tool Life
The wear and failure mechanism for multilayered nanostructured coatings has a number of significant differences from the one typical for monolithic single-layered coatings. In particular, while the strength of adhesion bonds at the βsubstrate-coatingβ boundary is important for monolithic coatings, then for multilayered nanostructured coatings, the strength of adhesion and cohesion bonds at interlayer boundaries and boundaries of separate nano-sublayers becomes of significant significance. Meanwhile, the delamination arising in the structure of multilayered nanostructured coatings can have both negative (leading to loss of coating uniformity and subsequent failure of coating) and positive influences (due to decrease of internal stresses and inhibition of transverse cracking). Various mechanisms of formation of longitudinal cracks and delaminations in coatings on rake tool faces, which vary based on the compositions and architectures of the coatings, are studied. In addition, the influence of internal defects, including embedded microdrops and pores, on the formation of cracks and delaminations and the failure of coatings is discussed. The importance of ensuring a balance of the basic properties of coatings to achieve high wear resistance and maximum tool life of coated metal-cutting tools is shown. The properties of coatings and the natures of their failures, as investigated during scratch testing and dry turning of steel C45, are provided
Improvement of structure and quality of nanoscale multilayered composite coatings, deposited by filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition method
This article studies the specific features of cathode vacuum arc deposition of coatings used in the production of cutting tools. The detailed analysis of the major drawbacks of arc-Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) methods has contributed to the development of the processes of filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition to form nanoscale multilayered composite coatings of increased efficiency. This is achieved through the formation of nanostructure, increase in strength of adhesion of coating to substrate up to 20%, and reduction of such dangerous coating surface defects as macro- and microdroplets up to 80%. This article presents the results of the studies of various properties of developed nanoscale multilayered composite coating. The certification tests of carbide tool equipped with cutting inserts with developed nanoscale multilayered composite coating compositions in longitudinal turning (continuous cutting) and end symmetric milling, and intermittent cutting of steel C45 and hard-to-cut nickel alloy of NiCr20TiAl showed advantages of tool with nanoscale multilayered composite coating as compared to the tool without coating. The lifetime of the carbide inserts with developed NMCC based on the system of Ti-TiN-(NbZrTiCr)N (filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition) was increased up to 5-6 times in comparison with the control tools without coatings and up to 1.5-2.0 times in comparison with nanoscale multilayered composite coating based on the system of Ti-TiN-(NbZrTiCr)N (standard arc-PVD technology). Β© The Author(s) 2017
Lebedinskiy Period Cossack Twenty β Fourhours
Π£ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ΅Π±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈ: Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π·Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΡΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ.Issledovaniye poseleniy na territorii Lebedinshchini kazachestva: stroitelβstvo ukrepleniy kozakami- cherkesami, osnovaniya i ustroystvo naselennykh punktov kraya
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
The authors describe the use of spectrophotometry intracutaneous analysis method for the purposes of differential
diagnostics of pigmented skin neoplasms.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠ³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ
ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ: Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°Π΅, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
The authors present the incidence and mortality rates caused by skin cancer in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. They analyze the reasons explaining the growth in the incidence rate for malignant skin neoplasms as well as ways to improve early diagnostics and prevention of skin tumors.Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ Π² ΠΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°Π΅. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ
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