The Effect of Physical Activity on Lymphocyte Count in Smokers Who Consume Black Cumin Seed (Nigella Sativa L.) Oil

Twenty percent of the total number of human leukocytes is lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are responsible for the control of the adaptive immune system. Physical activity is any body movement that requires energy to do it. Physical activity is related to changes in a person's immunity so that it can reduce the risks of diseases such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, and stroke. Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCSO) in various studies has been widely used as a supplement, especially as an immune-modulator. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of physical activity on lymphocyte levels in smokers who have been given Black Cumin Seed Oil for 30 days. This study used a single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) method, with a total of 36 test subjects divided into four groups. Group 1 received placebo 3x1 capsules/day, group 2 received BCSO 3x1 capsules/day, group 3 received BCSO 3x2 capsules/day, and group 4 received BCSO 3x3 capsules/day. The intervention was carried out for 30 days, then on the 31st-day blood was drawn for analysis. Data analysis using an independent t-test to see the average group with high and low activity, while to see the average lymphocyte between treatment groups using one way ANOVA test. The test results were said to be significant if p <0.05. The p-value of the independent t-test is 0.045, and one way ANOVA test p-value is 0.343. In conclusion, physical activity can increase lymphocyte levels significantly, but not on BCSO administration

Clinical Conditions and History of Illness Among Terminal Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is one of the public health problems in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the clinical condition of premorbid and the incidence of ESRD. The study design is a case-control. The number of volunteers involved in this study was 100 patients. The cases were ESRD patients who were determined by the criteria of Pernefri and the controls were patients from the same hospital who were not ESRD by the requirements of ESRD Pernefri. Inclusion criteria of the study sample were ESRD sufferers need routine hemodialysis and doctor\u27s diagnosis supported by laboratory data, 15-75 years old and willing to fill out inform consent. Exclusion criteria for the study sample were patients with congenital kidney disease, Have a history of kidney transplants, and mental disorder. We collected demographic data, and patient\u27s clinical and drug history from medical records. Chi-square analysis with 2x2 tables and the Fisher\u27s exact test were used to determine the relationship of clinical conditions and history of disease with the incidence of ESRD. The results showed that anemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were related to the prevalence of ESRD. History of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and family history of ESRD are associated with an increased incidence of ESRD

Health Education Improve Behavior and Self-efficacy on Personal Hygiene Among Children with Intellectual Disability

Personal hygiene is one of the basic human needs and must be kept clean, including scalp and hair, eyes, nose, ears, nails of hands and feet, skin and overall body care. Health education on personal hygiene is still concern not only for healthy children but also for children with disabilities. One of the ways is with audiovisual methods. This study aimed to analyze the effect of health education on personal hygiene with audiovisual methods. The study design used was pre-experiment without a control group. The number of samples was 30 using total sampling technique. Knowledge of personal hygiene before health education (pre-test) was mostly insufficient category, after being given health education (post-test) mainly was in proper group. The pre-test attitude was in low category, and the post-test was still the same. Pre-test and post-test of behavior were mostly being practiced. Pre-test and post-test of self-efficacy were in low category. There was an influence of health education on personal hygiene with audiovisual methods on the level of knowledge in intellectually disabled children (p<0.05), but there was no effect on attitudes, behaviors, and self-efficacy in intellectually disabled children

Black Cumin Seed Oilas Hepatoprotector in Decreasing SGPT and SGOT Activity and Increasing P53 Gene Expression in Sprague Dawley Rats Induced by Alloxan

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of BCSO on SGPT/SGOT levels and p53 expression in rats induced by alloxan. This study applied a post test only control group design. A total of 42 SD rats were divided into 6 groups. Group I was normal rats. Group II (negative control) was given alloxan. Group III and IV (treatment groups) were given BCSO with equivalent doses of 6.8 mg/kg and 68 mg/kg thymoquinone, respectively (BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 groups). Group V (positive control) was given vitamin C. Group VI (control media) were given DMSO. BCSO and Vitamin C are given for 1 week. Alloxan was given on 7th day, i.p. On the 8th day did blood sampling for measurement of SGPT and SGOT levels. Liver retrieval was performed on the 9th day continued immunohistochemistry staining. The average levels of SGPT/SGOT were then analyzed with ANOVA test. p53 expression was analyzed by Kolmogorov Semirnov and Levene then followed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Statistical tests performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the induction of alloxan increased levels of SGPT/SGOT. BCSO68 reduced SGPT /SGOT levels in alloxan-induced rats (p < 0.05). Both BCSO 6.8 and BCSO68 increased the expression of p53 in liver tissue of alloxan – induced rats. Average percentage of p53 expression in group I to group VI were 11.12 ± 0.37; 19.24 ± 4.47; 30.31 ± 1.59; 40.43 ± 1.74; 29.67 ± 0.47; 12.02 ± 1.01, respectively. The result of statistical analysis showed the value of p < 0.05 in all groups except in group III. It can be concluded that BCSO may have hepatoprotective effect and increase the expression of p53 in the liver of alloxan-induced rats

PROFILE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MATHEMATICAL REASONING ABILITY BASED ON GUARDIAN PERSONALITY TYPE

This study targets to 1) describe students' mathematical reasoning skills in terms of guardian personality type; 2) knowing the causes of student mistakes in answering questions. This type of study is descriptive qualitative. The subjects in this study were students of class XI MIPA four Wanasaba 1 Senior High School in East Lombok in the 2020/2021 school year. The determination of the subject was done by purposive sampling and snowball. Data collection techniques used personality tests, tests of mathematical reasoning abilities, and interviews. The validation of each instrument was carried out by three experts in each field. The data analysis stage in this study was data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study indicate that the subject's mathematical reasoning ability only fulfills indicator 4, namely performing calculations based on certain rules or formulas. Subjects have not been able to meet other indicators. This is because the subject considers that the listed formula can be used in all types of triangles, does not know the rules of the cosine rule, the subject rarely practices and answers story questions, difficulties in linking the results obtained with questions, difficulty in choosing the formula to be used, and not careful in doing calculations

EKSTRAK HEKSAN BIJI JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa L) MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS MAKROFAG TIKUS BETINA GALUR SD (Sprague Dawley) YANG DIINDUKSI DMBA (7,12Dimetilbenz(α)antrasen) SECARA IN VITRO

Previous research has shown that black cumin seed oil is as an immunomodulator, but the mechanism MBJH as an immunomodulator in DMBA-induced macrophage unknown. A study to determine the effects of EHBJH on the activities of SD rat peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis induced DMBA has been conducted. This study was conducted on 10 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, namely 5 mice without any treatment group and 5 mice DMBA DMBA treatment groups. Once a week administration of 15 mg DMBA of mice,rats dissected and taken peritonealnya fluid for isolation of macrophages to be cultured for 24 hours. The peritoneal macrophages were given hexane BJH (Nigella sativa Lour) as much as 1 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, and were given a standard timokuinon for each group without induction DMBA and DMBA treatment groups. Macrophages were incubated for 2 hours back. Phagocytosis test is done by adding the latex particles on cultured macrophages and Giemsa staining. Data percentage of macrophages that eat latex and phagocytosis index were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test followed by ANOVA and LSD test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the activity and phagocytosis index DMBA -induced macrophages that is not greater than the index of activity and macrophage phagocytosis induced macrophages (p<0.05). A group of 25 mg/mL EHBJH have activity and phagocytosis index is highest when compared with the other treatment group (p<0.05).  Conclusion: The study showed that the hexane BJH (Nigella sativa Lour) can improve macrophage phagocytic activity of female rats Sprague Dawley strain

EKSTRAK HEKSAN BIJI JINTAN HITAM (Nigella sativa L) MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS FAGOSITOSIS MAKROFAG TIKUS BETINA GALUR SD (Sprague Dawley) YANG DIINDUKSI DMBA (7,12Dimetilbenz(α)antrasen) SECARA IN VITRO

Penelitian yang dilakukan sebelumnya telah membuktikan bahwa minyak biji jinten hitam bersifat sebagai imunomodulator, namun bagaimana mekanisme MBJH sebagai imunomodulator pada makrofag yang diinduksi DMBA belum diketahui. Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui efek Ekstrak Hexana Biji Jinten Hitam (EHBJH) terhadap aktifitas fagositosis makrofag peritoneal tikus SD yang diinduksi DMBA. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 10 ekor tikus betina Sprague Dawley yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok, yaitu 5 tikus kelompok tanpa perlakuan DMBA dan 5 tikus kelompok perlakuan DMBA. Setelah satu minggu pemberian DMBA sebanyak 15 mg perekor tikus, tikus dibedah dan diambil cairan peritonealnya untuk dilakukan isolasi makrofag yang akan dikultur selama 24 jam. Makrofag peritoneal tersebut diberi ekstrak heksan BJH (Nigella sativa Lour) sebanyak 1 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL, 25 μg/mL, dan diberi standar timokuinon untuk masing-masing kelompok tanpa induksi DMBA dan kelompok perlakuan DMBA. Makrofag diinkubasi kembali selama 2 jam. Uji fagositosis dilakukan dengan menambahkan partikel lateks pada makrofag berbudaya dan pewarnaan Giemsa. Data persentase jumlah makrofag yang makan lateks dan indeks fagositosis dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov yang dilanjutkan dengan uji ANOVA dan uji LSD dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktifitas dan indek fagositosis makrofag yang tidak diinduksi DMBA lebih besar dari pada aktifitas dan indek fagositosis makrofag yang diinduksi makrofag (p<0,05). Kelompok 25 µg/mL EHBJH memiliki aktifitas dan indek fagositosis paling tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan yang lain (p<0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak heksan BJH (Nigella sativa Lour) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag tikus betina galur Sprague Dawle

Exercise and consumption of herbal remedies decrease the risk of strokes in hypertension and diabetes mellitus patients undergoing a standard therapy

Stroke is a serious problem faced worldwide. It can result in death, physical disability, and mental disability. Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients are high-risk populations. The study attempted to determine the factors associated with the incidence of stroke in DM or hypertension outpatients. This analytic observational study used a case-control design and nonrandom sampling technique with consecutive sampling approach. With a 1:2 ratio, the subjects consisted of 49 stroke patients in the case group and 98 non-stroke patients (hypertensive) for the control group. Subjects were patients undergoing treatments at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul. Patient's lifestyle data were collected through face-to-face interviews with patients, while demographic information, diagnosis, and patient history were obtained from medical records using data retrieval forms (case record forms). The variable age was matched with sex to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the study. Data analysis included univariate (descriptive) analysis and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test. Factors associated with stroke incidence were smoking habit (OR = 2.940, CI: 1.314 &lt;OR &lt;6.576; P = 0.007), exercise routine (OR = 0.026, CI: 0.008 &lt;OR &lt;0.079, P = 0.000), high-fat food dietary pattern (OR = 3.629, CI: 1.119 &lt;OR &lt;11.766; P = 0.024), and the habit of consuming herbal remedies (OR = 0.299, CI: 0.107 &lt;OR &lt;0.833; P = 0.016).  For hypertension or DM patients who took standard therapy at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Bantul, smoking and fatty food consumption increased the risk of stroke, whereas physical exercise and herbs consumption habits reduced it

Validation of Diabetes Mellitus Patient Behavior Questionnaire in Primary Health Care Service

This study aimed to develop and validation a questionnaire as measurement instrument for knowledge and adherence behavior of DM patients in primary health care. Cross sectional study design was conducted in diabetes mellitus patient. Inclusion criteria were patients in the age group 18-65 years, diagnosed with DM, receiving at least one oral antidiabetic medication. Questionnaire questions for behavioral item were developed based on Diabetes Mellitus management guidelines and references to previous studies. Evaluation and validation by expert was carried out on diabetes mellitus experts and clinical psychologists. The pilot study was conducted on 10 healthy patients and 10 patients with diabetes who enrolled inclusion criteria. Questionnaire validation test was conducted with 41 DM outpatient at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Yogyakarta. Collecting data by interviewing patients based on questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS with Pearson correlation coefficients for validation test and Cronbach alpha coefficients for reliability test of the questionnaire. Adherence behavior questionnaire consists of 12 question items, which are divided into three domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Validation results showed 12 valid items where the pearson correlation value was&gt;0.308 (n=41). Cronbach alpha as reliability test results showed 0.78. This result showed a questionnaire were valid and reliable in Diabetes Mellitus patients. This instrument would be use in primary health care for measuring adherence behavior of DM patients

Tolerability and safety of black cumin seed oil (Bcso) administration for 20 days in healthy subjects.

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of black cumin seed oil (BCSO) on hematology, level of aspartat aminotransferase (AST)/alanin aminotransferase (ALT), level of ureum and creatinine, and also immune response in healthy subjects. This study applied a phase 1 of clinical trial. The 36 healthy subjects were divided into three groups, 12 subjects each group. Group I, subjects received 1 × 3 soft capsules of BCSO. Group II, subject received 2 × 3 soft capsules of BCSO and in groups III subject received 3 × 3 soft capsules of BCSO. Each soft capsule contained of 0.5 ml standardized BCSO. On the 21st day, the blood cell, level of ALT and AST and level of ureum and creatinine were measured. The average number of blood cells, levels of ALT/AST and level of ureum and creatinine then were been analyzed with one way ANOVA test. Statistical analysis was performed on 95% confidence level. The results showed that the administration of three doses of BCSO soft capsule did not increase number of blood cells, level of ALT/AST and level of ureum and creatinine (p>0.05). BCSO also did not affect number of CD4+ Th and CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and also expression of IFN-γ (p>0.05). The consumption of BCSO at three doses 1.5, 3, and 4.5 ml/d for 21 days in healthy subjects were tolerable and safet