Leadership Styles and Organisational Performance in Nigeria: Qualitative Perspective

Organizations in different sectors of the Nigerian economy continue to record high cases of misappropriation, embezzlement, immoral and unethical practices, gratifications, high labour turnover, inability to meet basic required obligations, and employees’ dissatisfaction, which have further resulted in poor performance. The theoretical paper dwelled on the concepts of leadership styles as opined by several scholars in the literature and used these as springboards to arrive at elaborate ones that encapsulated all and introduced a range of common and contemporary models and approaches, including an addition of a cutting-edge competitive list to help managers discover, devise and adjust their individual management practice and style for navigation towards a sustainable organizational performance

Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Share of Selected Quoted Consumer Goods Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

Firm performance is fundamental to businesses considering its role in assisting organisations to realize their goals and achieve successes. Consumer goods manufacturing industry in Nigeria are experiencing decline in performance like profitability, market share, sales growth, competitive advantage, and productivity resulting from poor application of entrepreneurial orientation measures. This study examined the interaction between entrepreneurial orientation and market share of selected quoted consumer goods manufacturing companies in Nigeria.The study adopted cross sectional survey research design. The population of the study was 1,551of twelve (12) quoted consumer goods manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Total enumeration was used to sample the entire population. A self-developed structured and validated questionnaire was used for data collection. The Cronbach’s alpha ranges between 0.721 and 0.892. The response rate was 90.5%. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Multiple and Hierarchical regression analysis).Findings revealed that entrepreneurial orientation components had significant influence on market share of selected quoted consumer goods companies in Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.791; F (5,441) = 339.129, p= 0.000). The study concluded that  entrepreneurial orientation (innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness, proactiveness, risk-taking and planning flexibility) had significant effect on market share of selected quoted consumer goods companies in Nigeria and recommended that managers of selected quoted consumer goods manufacturing companies should practice entrepreneurial orientation ideologies to be able to be proactive and competitive enough to further boost the market portion of quoted consumer goods companies

Seasonality of the mycoflora of the crown disease complex of the vegetative organs of the grapevine Vitis vinifera cvar Anap-e-Shahe

The mycoflora associated with lesions on the vegetative organs of Anap-e-Shahe cultivar of grapevine in Zaria were monitored for 3 years. The symptoms varied with the seasons but were the same over theyears studied. The mycoflora detected on the lesions were consistent with the symptoms. Except for pruning interruptions, Epicoccum sp., Penicillum sp., Aspergillus sp. and Curvularia sp. was regularlydetected on lesions of all growth seasons. Alternaria sp., Drechslera sp. and Pestalotiopsis aff. uvicola occurred only on lesions of the rainy season growths. Phoma aff. multirostrata, Colletotrichumgloeosporioides, Phomopsis sp. and Phoma sp. were the dominant group on lesions of rainy season growth and were detected from the beginning of the rains in May until the close of the rains in October,which corresponded with the prevailing period of anthracnose, tip die back, commencement of canker development and blight. The occurrence of Plasmopara viticola commenced during the downy mildewepiphytotic late in July or early August, a time which corresponded with high relative humidity and a drop in maximum temperature at the peak of the rains. P. viticola and Curvularia sp. with other regularlyoccurring fungi detected from the late rainy season persisted into the dry season. The seasonal variability in the mycoflora of the crown disease complex of grapevine provided information whichcould be exploited in disease diagnosis and management

Evaluation of layer type chickens under reciprocal recurrent selection

Matings within pure male and female lines, and between pure male and female lines were carried out to produce purebred male line (AA x AA), female line (BB x BB), cross (AA x BB) and reciprocal cross (BB x AA). A total number of 364 pullets arising from 207 hens and 23 cocks in generation 1 and 440 pullets from 70 hens and 10 cocks in generation 2 under selection were monitored in individual cage units for part period of egg production up to 280 days of age. Parameters considered were age at sexual maturity (ASM), body weight at 20 and 40 weeks of age (BW 20 and BW40), egg weight average (EWTAV) and egg production up to 280 days (Egg 280). A nonsignificant difference among purebreds but a significant difference (

Genetic and Non Genetic Sources of Variation for Linear Body Conformation Traits in Bunaji and Friesian X Bunaji cows

The effects of Age of dam at calving, Sex of calf, Breed, Sire, month of calving and season of lactation on linear body conformation traits was investigated in the dairy herd of the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika Zaria, Nigeria. Seven linear body conformation traits of 25 Bunaji and 25 crossbred (Friesian x Bunaji) cows were measured. The measurements were taken monthly by 3 evaluators for the complete lactation length of the cows, this resulted in 1275 cumulative records, (with 750 records from Friesian x Bunaji and 525 records from Bunaji). The 7 body conformation traits (stature, chest width, wither height, heart girth, body length, body depth and rump width) were measured in centimeter using flexible tape. The results showed that all the genetic and non genetic factors considered had significant effect (P<0.05) on the linear body conformation traits. However, there was no significant (P>0.05) variation amongst the evaluators in their measurements, except RW. The body size characteristics increased with age. The male bearing cows were relatively broader (CW, HG) and longer (BL) than the female bearing cows, though there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in their statures (ST) and the body depth (BD). The crossbred cows were taller (ST, HW) longer (BL), broader (CW, HG), but less deep (BD) than the pure Bunaji. The animals of season 1 were taller (ST, WH), deeper (BD) and longer (BL) than the others. However, animals of season 2 and 3 had similar body sizes (ST, CW, BD, WH, HG, BL and RW). It is therefore suggested that in selecting for body conformation these genetic and non genetic factors should be taken into consideration.Key words: Friesian x Bunaji, linear body conformation, evaluators, breed, sir

Evaluation of Nematicidal Action of Some Botanicals on Meloidogyne incognita In Vivo and In Vitro

Eggmasses or larvae of Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to varying concentrations of neem leaf (fresh and dry), Borelia sp., groundnut leaf and garlic bulb. Neem leaf and garlic bulb extracts inhibited hatching of eggmasses and were lethal to larva. A comparative study of neem and garlic bulb extracts prepared at 20% concentration and applied weekly at 25 ml per pot were carried out in the screenhouse. Each pot filled with 2 kg of pasturised soil was inoculated with 2000 larvae of M. incognita by introducing 500 g of infested soil from tomato culture raised in the screenhouse. These extracts significantly reduced root-knot infection indices on tomato when compared to the control. However, garlic extract demonstrated greater potential than neem leaf extract in the control of root-knot infection of tomato in vivo

Development and structural validity of a Nigerian culture- and environment-friendly low back pain outcome measure: Ibadan Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is the leading cause of disability globally. Standardized outcome measures for measuring LBP disability exist but none was developed with consideration for the Nigerian culture and environment.Objective: This study was aimed to develop a Nigerian culture- and environment-friendly LBP scale, the Ibadan Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire (ILBPDQ).Methods: Items on ILBPDQ were devised from literature review, interview of patients (231 consecutively-sampled patients with chronic non-specific LBP) and 12 professionals experienced in LBP management and were contentvalidated.The first draft of the questionnaire underwent pretesting twice among individuals with chronic non-specific LBP (n=35 and 114 respectively), factor analysis and experts’ reviews to produce the final version.Results: The final scale comprised 18 items with a two-factor structure (common Activity of Daily Living [ADL] and culture-specific ADL). It has eigen value ≥ 1 and explained 60% of variance. Items on ILBPDQ covered important constructs relevant to an average Nigerianpatient with LBP.Conclusion: A scale for assessing disability in LBP is made available for use in Nigeria and similar populations.Keywords: Low back pain, Outcome measure, Ibadan, Development, Structural validityFunding: None declare

Flexible work design and employee commitment : when socio-demographic characteristics are introduced?

Purpose: In this study, we contribute to the existing literature by examining the relationship between military spending changes and economic growth in China over the period 1995 to 2018 using Granger causality test. We would also explore short and long run relationship between GDP growth and military expenditure of China. Approach/Methodology/Design: Data used in this study are yearly data covering the period of 1995 to 2018 and the variables are Gross Domestic product (GDP) and Military Expenditure (ME). Data were collected from World Bank. GDP is at 2010 constant US prices and ME is expressed as a percentage of economic growth. All variables are transformed into the natural logarithmics to obtain growth effects. Findings: Using causality test, the causal relationship between the variables revealed that the alternative hypothesis should be accepted which is lagged GDP variable (proxy of economic growth) does not cause ME in our first VAR Granger causslity Wald test model. However, we discover and verified that there is one-way causality from economic growth to military spending, but no causality from military spending to economic growth is observed in this study. China’s positive economic growth can finance its military expenditure. Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of influence of GDP on military expenditure for emerging and developed ecconomies. Originality/value: This study innovates by using Cointegration, E-granger and Granger causality test to find out economic growth causing military expenditure in developing economies like China.peer-reviewe