The anesthetic effects of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different concentrations and temperatures

In this study, anesthetic effects of five different concentrations of 2-phenoxyethanol (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 ml/L) and clove oil (0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 ml/L) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied at temperatures 7, 13 and 18ºC. For this purpose, 900 fish (39.08 ± 1.13 g and 15.48 ± 0.21 cm) were used in the experiment. Induction time of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil varied between 1.05 and 3.36 min at all concentrations, except for 0.2 ml/L (for 2-phenoxyethanol only) and at every temperature application. Full recovery time occurred between 2.44 and 7.14 min for 2-phenoxyethanol and 3.23 - 6.11 min for clove oil. It was found that full recovery times significantly increased with increase in 2-phenoxyethanol concentrations (r^2=0.81). The same increasing trend was observed in clove oil, but the increase was not strong compared to 2-phenoxyethanol (r^2=0.21). On the other hand, full induction times of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil significantly declined with the increase in concentrations (r^2=0.74; r^2=0.84 for 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil, respectively). Based on the ideal induction (less than 3 min) and recovery (less than 5 min) time criteria, it can be suggested that the most appropriate concentrations for rainbow trout were 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 ml/L for 2-phenoxyethanol and 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 ml/L for clove oil

Rare malformation of glans penis: Arteriovenous malformation

Pediatric glans penis malformations, especially arteriovenous malformations (AVM), are very rare. Herein, we report two rare cases. A 14‑year‑old boy attended our outpatient clinic with chief complaints of purple swelling and rapidly growing lesion on the glans penis. The lesion was excised surgically after physical and radiological evaluations. Pathology reported AVM and the patient is being followed up. The second case is a 2‑year‑old boy who was admitted with a big lesion involving glans penis and genital area that has been present since birth. In physical and radiological evaluations, lesion on the glans penis was pulsatile. Parents of the patient did not want any surgery and patient has been in follow‑up. Diagnosis of the vascular lesions on glans penis is very easy by physical and radiological examinations today. Long‑term follow‑up is very important for AVM. Clinicians must make a careful effort to document new glans lesions in the pediatric population and decrease anxiety in the parents of affected children.Key words: Arteriovenous malformations, glans penis, penis anomalie

Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography for mandibular morphometry

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the morphological differences in the mandible between patients with six age groups and to detect the correlation between these parameters on panoramic radiography (PR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: A total of 121 subjects (50 males and 71 females) were included in the study and were divided into six age groups (10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–59, and 60–69) on the basis of the chronological age. CBCT and PR methods were used to record the mandibular measurements for the same 121 patients. Differences between male and female mandibular morphometric measurements, between right and left side measurements, and differences in age subgroups compared by using independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and one-way ANOVA test, respectively. P < 0.05 value was considered statistically significant for all analysis. Results: Males mostly have higher mandibular measurement values. There were statistically significant differences between CBCT and PR measurements (p < 0.05). PR mostly showed higher values than CBCT measurements. Conclusions: Based on the fact that PRs showing significant differences from CBCT in the morphometric measurements made on mandible, it is recommended that forensic doctors and anthropologists consider this information in their age and gender prediction studies

Pengaruh Beberapa Jenis Ekstrak Tumbuhan Terhadap Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Tanaman Cabai Besar (Capsicum Annuum L.) Di Lapangan

Antraknosa adalah penyakit terpenting dalam budidaya cabai besar karena menyebabkan kehilangan hasil di lapangan mencapai sekitar 75%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak babadotan, tumbuhan siam, alang-alang, dan teki sebagai alternatif pengendalian penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman cabai yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tanaman dan Laboratorium Lapangan Terpadu Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lampung pada bulan November 2012 sampai dengan Maret 2013. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Setiap unit percobaan terdiri atas 2 tanaman cabai (dalam satu polibag). Perlakuan terdiri atas air steril sebagai kontrol (M0), ekstrak Ageratum conyzoides (babadotan) 100 g/100 ml air (M1), ekstrak Chromolaena odorata (tumbuhan siam) 100 g/100 ml air (M2), ekstrak Imperata cylindrica (alang-alang) 100 g/100 ml air (M3), dan ekstrak Cyperus rotundus (teki) 100 g/100 ml air (M4). Pengamatan dilakukan dengan selang waktu tujuh hari sekali. Adapun peubah yang diamati adalah keparahan penyakit pada daun, pada buah, bobot buah cabai sehat, dan bobot buah cabai sakit. Data dianalisis ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf nyata 5 %. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) ekstrak A. conyzoides (babadotan), C. odorata (tumbuhan siam), I. cylindrica (alangalang), dan C. rotundus (teki) berpengaruh dalam menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa (2) pengaruh ekstrak A. conyzoides (babadotan), C. odorata (tumbuhan siam), I. cylindrica (alang-alang), dan C. rotundus (teki) berbeda-beda namun ekstrak C. odorata (tumbuhan siam) dan C. rotundus (teki) lebih efektif dari pada A. conyzoides (babadotan), I. cylindrica (alang-alang) dalam menekan keparahan penyakit antraknosa pada daun dan buah cabai

Products, coproducts and singular value decomposition

Products and coproducts may be recognized as morphisms in a monoidal tensor category of vector spaces. To gain invariant data of these morphisms, we can use singular value decomposition which attaches singular values, ie generalized eigenvalues, to these maps. We show, for the case of Grassmann and Clifford products, that twist maps significantly alter these data reducing degeneracies. Since non group like coproducts give rise to non classical behavior of the algebra of functions, ie make them noncommutative, we hope to be able to learn more about such geometries. Remarkably the coproduct for positive singular values of eigenvectors in $A$ yields directly corresponding eigenvectors in A\otimes A.Comment: 17 pages, three eps-figure

Localized plasmon-engineered spontaneous emission of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals closely-packed in the proximity of Ag nanoisland films for controlling emission linewidth, peak, and intensity

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Using metallic nanoislands, we demonstrate the localized plasmonic control and modification of the spontaneous emission from closely-packed nanocrystal emitters, leading to significant changes in their collective emission characteristics tuned spectrally and spatially by plasmon coupling. Using randomly-distributed silver nanoislands, we show that the emission linewidth of proximal CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots is reduced by 22% and their peak emission wavelength is shifted by 14nm, while their ensemble photoluminescence is enhanced via radiative energy transfer by 21.6 and 15.1 times compared to the control groups of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals with identical nano-silver but no dielectric spacer and the same nanocrystals alone, respectively. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America

New Strategies for Defect Passivation in High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells

Lead halide perovskite solar cells now show excellent efficiencies and encouraging levels of stability. Further improvements in performance require better control of the trap states which are considered to be associated with vacancies and defects at crystallite surfaces. Herein, a reflection on the ways in which these traps can be mitigated is presented by improving the quality of the perovskite layer and interfaces in fully assembled device configurations. In this review, the most recent design strategies reported in the literature, which have been explored to tune grain orientation, to passivate defects, and to improve charge-carrier lifetimes, are presented. Specifically, the advances made with single-cation, mixed-cation and/or mixed-halide, and 3D/2D bilayer-based light absorbers are discussed. The interfacial, compositional, and band alignment engineering along with their consequent effects on the open-circuit voltage, power conversion efficiency, and stability are a particular focus

Gradients versus Cycling in Genetic Selection Models

We review the hierarchy of (continuous time) selection models starting with the classical Fisher's viability selection model, and its generalizations when allowing mutations, recombination, sex-dependent viabilities, fertility selection and different mortality rates. We analyse the question in which way Fisher's "Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection" and Kimura's Maximum Principle can be extended to these more general situations. It turns out that in many cases this is principally impossible since the dynamics becomes cycling or even chaotic

Efektivitas Pseudomonas Fluorescens Dan Paenibacillus Polymyxa Terhadap Keparahan Penyakit Karat Dan Hawar Daun Serta Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung Manis (Zea Mays Var. Saccharata)

Penyakit penting pada tanaman jagung diantaranya adalah penyakit karat daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Puccinia sorghi Schwein dan penyakit hawar daun yang disebabkan oleh jamur Helmithosporium turcicum Leonard et Suggs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keefektifan Pseudomonas fluorescens dan Paenibacillus polymyxa dalam menekan perkembangan penyakit karat dan hawar daun jagung serta memicu pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September sampai bulan Desember 2015 di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Jurusan Agroteknologi dan di lahan petani di Kampung Baru Bandar Lampung. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas (1) P0 kontrol berupa tanaman jagung yang tidak diberi perlakuan fungisida, P. polymyxa dan P.fluorescens (2) P1 perendaman benih jagung dalam formulasi P. polymyxa selama 6 jam, (3) P2 perendaman benih jagungdalam formulasi P. fluorescensselama 6 jam, (4) P3 perendaman benih jagung dalam formulasi P. polymyxa danP.fluorescens selama 6 jam, (5) P4 perendaman benih jagung dalam fungisida propineb selama 6 jam. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan sidik ragam kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada tarif nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Aplikasi P. fluorescens dan P. polymyxa mampu menekan keparahan penyakit karat dan hawar daun jagung (2) Aplikasi P. polymyxa mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun jagung