Regulasi Media Di Indonesia (Tinjauan UU Pers Dan UU Penyiaran)

; Media merupakan salah satu lembaga penting bangsa. Untuk melaksanakan peran dan fungsi media yang benar, media harus menerapkan peraturan secara profesional. Perilaku media tidak dapat dilepaskan dari kepentingan pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan sistem media. Secara umum, pers adalah seluruh industri media yang ada, baik cetak maupun elektronik. Namun secara khusus, pengertian pers adalah media cetak (printed media). Dengan demikian, Undang-Undang Pers berlaku secara general untuk seluruh industri media, dan secara khusus untuk media cetak. Peraturan dapat menjadi hukum yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah (seperti UU Pers); atau kode etik yang ditetapkan oleh wartawan atau organisasi profesi (seperti Kode Etik Jurnalistik). Peraturan pers di Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 tentang Pers. Untuk mendukung pelaksanaan UU Pers, Dewan Pers menetapkan Kode Etik Jurnalistik (KEJ). Sedangkan peraturan media penyiaran yang ditetapkan oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran. Sebagai penjabaran dari UU Penyiaran, Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia (KPI) menetapkan Pedoman Perilaku Penyiaran (P3) sebagai proses batas pembuatan program siaran; dan Penyiaran Standar Program (SPS) sebagai batas program siaran dalam pengiriman. besarnya harapan masyarakat terhadap peran media untuk ikut serta dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah bangsa. Perwujudan fungsi normatif media sangat ditentukan oleh profesionalisme media; sedangkan profesionalisme media dapat diketahui dari sejauh mana perilaku media menjunjung tinggi peraturan maupun kode etik media yang berlaku di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Regulasi Media, Pers, Broadcasting, Profesionalisme Media is one of the important institutions of the nation. To carry out the role and functions of the correct media, the media must apply the rules in a professional manner. The behavior of the media can not be separated from the interests of the parties related to the media system. In general, the press is all over the media industry, both print and electronic. But in particular, the notion of the press is the print media (printed media). Thus, the Press Law applies in general to the entire media industry, and in particular for the print media. Rule of law can be set by the government (such as the Press Law); or code of conduct established by the journalist or professional organizations (such as the Code of Ethics of Journalism). Regulation of the press in Indonesia is regulated by Law No. 40 of 1999 on the Press. To support the implementation of the Law on the Press, Press Council set Journalistic Code of Ethics (KEJ). While the broadcast media regulations established by Act No. 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting. As an elaboration of the Broadcasting Act, the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) set Broadcasting Code of Conduct (P3) as the limit of making the broadcast program; and the Broadcasting Standards Program (SPS) as the limit in the broadcast program delivery. the magnitude of society\u27s expectations of the role of the media to participate in solving the problems of the nation. Embodiments of the normative function of media is largely determined by the professionalism of the media; while the media professionalism can be seen from the extent to which the behavior of the media uphold the rules and codes of conduct applicable in Indonesian media. Keywords: Media Regulation, Press, Broadcasting, Professionalis

Multicultural Values In Indonesian Primary Schools

The research aimed to understand ways of implementing multicultural values in Indonesia primary schools. This case study attempted to discover the multicultura values in primary school curriculum documents and teacher's perspective on how to promote the multicultural values in primary shcool students, by interviewing primary school teacher in Makassar and examining primary school curriculum documents. The investigation showed that teaching the values of tolerance, respecting diversity, acknowledging similarities and maintaining native languages and local identy should be done gradually by initially introducing the symbols of multicultural values through picture, videos, and observations, then teaching children through modeling and attitudes of inclusiveness. More importantly is teachers' knowledge on multiculturalism so that they could behave equally towards students and colleagues in school setting. Finally, multiculturalism should be embedded in the schools through celebration of cultures, ethnics and language diversity, through cultural festivals, food exhibition, local art and dance shows, music contests, drama, and literature. Keywords: Multicultura Values, Implementing, Primary School, Teacher Views

The study of optical gain for terahertz quantum cascade laser using density matrix method

Terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCL) are currently increasing in popularity. It is expected to become the main source of emerging terahertz radiation technology and applications. However to produce the device within the application specification is costly and time consuming. This is because the manufacturing process of the superlattice growth and the device processing and testing are long and expensive processes. Thus a prediction tool is needed to overcome the problems in designing and producing THz QCL within the needed optical expectation. The density matrix method is used to calculate the performance of this device electronically and optically. The result obtained was compared to the experimental result conducted by previous researchers. The calculation result showed that the gain is 20 cm−1 when the population inversion occurs at threshold current density of 400 A cm-2. Meanwhile a negative gain or loss occurs below 350 A cm-2. As a conclusion, it is demonstrated that this method has a capability to explain the transport phenomena as well as to predict the performance of the THz QCL device design

Gender Specific Disruptions in Emotion Processing in Younger Adults with Depression

Background: One of the principal theories regarding the biological basis of major depressive disorder (MDD) implicates a dysregulation of emotion-processing circuitry. Gender differences in how emotions are processed and relative experience with emotion processing might help to explain some of the disparities in the prevalence of MDD between women and men. This study sought to explore how gender and depression status relate to emotion processing. Methods: This study employed a 2 (MDD status) × 2 (gender) factorial design to explore differences in classifications of posed facial emotional expressions (N=151). Results: For errors, there was an interaction between gender and depression status. Women with MDD made more errors than did nondepressed women and men with MDD, particularly for fearful and sad stimuli (Ps Ps P=.01). Men with MDD, conversely, performed similarly to control men (P=.61). Conclusions: These results provide novel and intriguing evidence that depression in younger adults (years) differentially disrupts emotion processing in women as compared to men. This interaction could be driven by neurobiological and social learning mechanisms, or interactions between them, and may underlie differences in the prevalence of depression in women and men. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc

Unbalanced reduction of nutrient loads has created an offshore gradient from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation in the North Sea

Measures to reduce eutrophication have often led to a more effective decline of phosphorus (P) than nitrogen(N) concentrations. The resultant changes in riverine nutrient loads can cause an increase in the N : Pratios of coastal waters. During four research cruises along a 450 km transect, we investigated how reductionsin nutrient inputs during the past 25 yr have affected nutrient limitation patterns in the North Sea. Thisrevealed a strong offshore gradient of dissolved inorganic N : P ratios in spring, from 375 : 1 nearshoretoward 1 : 1 in the central North Sea. This gradient was reflected in high nearshore N : P and C : P ratios ofparticulate organic matter (mainly phytoplankton), indicative of severe P deficiency of coastal phytoplankton,which may negatively affect higher trophic levels in the food web. Nutrient enrichment bioassays performedon-board showed P and Si limitation of phytoplankton growth nearshore, co-limitation of N and P ina transitional region, and N limitation in the outer-shore waters, confirming the existence of an offshore gradientfrom P to N limitation. Different species were limited by different nutrients, indicating that furtherreductions of P loads without concomitant reductions of N loads will suppress colonial Phaeocystis blooms,but will be less effective in diminishing harmful algal blooms by dino- and nanoflagellates. Hence, our resultsprovide evidence that de-eutrophication efforts in northwestern Europe have led to a large imbalance in theN : P stoichiometry of coastal waters of the North Sea, with major consequences for the growth, species composition,and nutritional quality of marine phytoplankton communities

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: a Rare Neoplasm Presenting with Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that arise from primitive mesenchymal cells. GISTs occur throughout the GI tract but are usually located in the stomach and small intestine. GISTs are known with myoid, neural or mixed features of differentiation. Clinical findings are gastrointestinal bleeding, abdominal pain, and weight loss. GISTs express a heterogeneous clinical course not easily predicted. The histologic features that correlate best with development of recurrence and metastasis are mitotic activity, tumor size and the presence of tumor necrosis and most recently, mutation in the c-kit gene. Some authors specifically use the term GIST to refer to only those mesenchymal tumors that express CD117, whereas others believe that the diagnosis can be made in the absence of CD117 positivity based on clinical and morphologic features. Surgical resection remains the treatment of choice, since chemotherapy and radiation are ineffective. Long-term follow-up is imperative and recurrence rates are high. We report the case of a 60 years old female patient who presented with intermittent melena, chronic dyspepsia, and anemia. Upper digestive tract endoscopy showed a submucosal tumor, broad-based, centrally ulcerated, projection of >5 cm in the gastric corpus-antral wall as the cause of the upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopic biopsies were negative for neoplastic changes. After triple eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori and treatment continued with proton pump inhibitor agent, the patient underwent distal gastrectomy with Billroth-I reconstruction. Histopatological studies on the surgical resection specimen revealed a GIST of smooth muscle with spindle cell, no evidence of mitotic activity but of uncertain biological behavior. One year after surgery the patient is was improved with no signs of residual Malignancy. However, metastases were found later in the liver in the next two year

Performance of Multi-Pixel Photon Counters for the T2K near detectors

We have developed a Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC) for the neutrino detectors of T2K experiment. About 64,000 MPPCs have been produced and tested in about a year. In order to characterize a large number of MPPCs, we have developed a system that simultaneously measures 64 MPPCs with various bias voltage and temperature. The performance of MPPCs are found to satisfy the requirement of T2K experiment. In this paper, we present the performance of 17,686 MPPCs measured at Kyoto University.Comment: 15 pages, 14 figure