The Practice of Writing Curricula Vitae among the Lower Government Employees in the Late Ottoman Empire: Workers at the Şeyhülislâm’s Office

The personnel records collection of the Ottoman Şeyhülislâm’s Office contains the dossiers of the ancillary workers who served at the bureaus and the Sharia courts in the early twentieth century. Drawing on these rare materials, this article examines the practice of writing curricula vitae (CVs) among the workers to understand to what degree and in which manner they had access to and made use of written words, with special focus on the workers from Pütürge in the Kurdish speaking regions of Eastern Anatolia. The language skills and the education of the workers expressed in their CVs indicate that most of them acquired some sort of literacy, which was different from the literacy required to write official documents. Thus, they usually had scribes write their CVs on their behalf. While the involvement of the scribes in the process of writing CVs belies the general assumption that writing is an individual act, this and other practices of the workers undermined some of the basic principles of the working of the Ottoman bureaucracy based on the written documents. Still, they knew the value and usage of written documents and thus were able to deal with the written culture of the Ottoman bureaucracy

Vessels Encapsulating Tumor Clusters (VETC) Is a Powerful Predictor of Aggressive Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

n/

18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of IgG4-producing MALT lymphoma with multiple site involvement

18F-FDG PET/CT is regarded as a modality utilized for the purpose of lesion localization, staging and assessment of treatment response in patients with lymphoma. However, it is difficult that we diagnose among multifocal lymphoma, IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), or a combination of both conditions when confronted with multiple sites of 18F-FDG uptake with heightened serum IgG4 levels.We present a case of a 72-year-old male who was suspected of Sjögren’s syndrome based on symptoms of xerostomia accompanied by swelling of the bilateral upper eyelid and salivary glands. Following a diagnostic biopsy that revealed mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma as a possible finding, 18F-FDG PET/CT was conducted, which demonstrated multiple sites of 18F-FDG accumulation. While multifocal MALT lymphoma was initially suspected, the coexistence of IgG4-RD could not be definitively ruled out due to the elevated serum IgG4 levels. Subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the diagnosis of IgG4-producing MALT lymphoma. After receiving systemic therapy with rituximab, the swelling of the bilateral upper eyelid and parotid glands resolved upon visual examination, and the serum IgG4 levels returned to within the normal range in a few months. No new lesions were detected during the subsequent follow-up examinations conducted over a period of 3 years

Optimum detection for extracting maximum information from symmetric qubit sets

We demonstrate a class of optimum detection strategies for extracting the maximum information from sets of equiprobable real symmetric qubit states of a single photon. These optimum strategies have been predicted by Sasaki et al. [Phys. Rev. A{\bf 59}, 3325 (1999)]. The peculiar aspect is that the detections with at least three outputs suffice for optimum extraction of information regardless of the number of signal elements. The cases of ternary (or trine), quinary, and septenary polarization signals are studied where a standard von Neumann detection (a projection onto a binary orthogonal basis) fails to access the maximum information. Our experiments demonstrate that it is possible with present technologies to attain about 96% of the theoretical limit.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. A Converted to REVTeX4 format, and a few other minor modifications according to the comments from PRA referre