A STUDY OF LONG-TERM SUNSPOTS AND K-INDEX GEOMETRIC CYCLES USING PROBABILISTIC MODELING

The research work done in this paper comprises the application of different well-known probability distribution models. This includes the understanding of the behavior and dynamics of 24 sunspot cycles with total data. The time-series data sets were selected from 1749 to 2014. To observe the solar activity effects on K-index activity the double cycles from 1932 to 2014 were also incorporated in the study. The comparative study is useful to observe the long-term solar-terrestrial connection. The magnetic field of the sun reverses its polarity after every 11 years of the cycle. So after every 22 years, the north pole becomes again north pole. By using the two well-known tests Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KST) and Anderson-Darling test (ADT) the probability distribution models were obtained for each sunspot cycles and compare. The significant probability models for all the sunspot cycles have been obtained. The fitted probability distribution models on selected data sets may be useful to understand the trend of solar and geomagnetic activity

Effect of Different Preparations of Fluoride Gel on Salivary pH of Albino Rats

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different preparations of fluoride gels on the salivary pH of albino rats. Material and Methods: This experimental study consisted of 40 Albino rats randomly divided into four equal groups. Group A was the control group and received no intervention. Experimental group B received a topical application of 0.2% sodium fluoride gel. Experimental group C received topical application of stannous fluoride gel 0.4%. Experimental group D received topical application of APF gel (1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel). The different preparations of the gels were applied once daily for 4 minutes on the occlusal surface of the right maxillary molars for 14 days. Salivary pH values were recorded immediately after the application of gels with the help of pH paper on day 1 and day 14. Results: There was a significant difference in the pH level of groups B, C and D after 14 days of fluoride application (p < 0.05). The non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test was applied for the comparison between the groups. Conclusion: This study concluded that all the fluoride gels after administration caused the acidic pH of saliva with the most acidic effect produced by APF gel

Expression variation of OGG1 and HPRT gene and DNA damage in arsenic exposed industrial workers

Arsenic exposure alters redox balance, induces DNA damage, and deregulates many genes. OGG1 gene involved in base repair mechanism, for excision of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) from DNA formed as a result of accumulation of ROS in cell. HPRT gene encode transferase enzymes involved in purine recycling mechanism. The main focus of the study was to evaluate the expression variation in HPRT, OGG1 gene expression, and DNA damage of industrial workers. Blood samples of 300 occupational workers were collected from welding, brick kiln, furniture, pesticide, and paint industry (n = 60/industry) to evaluate the expression variation in HPRT, OGG1 gene expression, and DNA damage in blood cells by comet assay along with age and gender matched 300 control individuals. Blood arsenic content was higher (P\u3c0.001) in an industrial group compared to the control. OGG1 and HPRT expression were (P\u3c0.05) downregulated in exposed workers compared to controls. Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between HPRT vs OGG1 (P\u3c 0.0001) in exposed workers compared to controls. Altered expression of both genes was observed between workers with \u3c25years and \u3e25years of age as well as between workers with \u3c10years and \u3e10year exposure. Reduced expression (P\u3c0.05) of both genes and a high extent of DNA damage was evident in exposed smokers compared to respective non-smokers. DNA fragmentation was higher (P\u3c0.05) in the furniture, welding and brick kiln group compared to control, and other industries. The present study suggests that altered expression of OGG1 and HPRT gene induce oxidative stress, showed a negative impact on the recycling of purines leading to DNA damage which increase the vulnerability of workers to carcinogenicity

The Long-term structural effect of Coronal index solar activity on the ENSO and QBO Time series data using Fractal Dimension

The study concentrated on the fractal dimension of solar ac-tivity and climatic parameters. We analyzed comparatively for each pa-rameter numerically. All values are estimated by Box Counting tech-nique of fractal dimension. According to the theme of study, we used a monthly dataset of Coronal Mass Ejection (Coronal Index (CI)), El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) from 1954 to 2016. The time seriesof ENSO and QBO are distributed ac-cording to the CORONAL INDEX (CI) cycles (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24) to understand their relationship in the perspective of persistence or anti-persistence.The fractal dimension(D) represents the complexity and Hurst exponent(H) indicates the long memory dependence of the selected time series, with scaling constant (a, c). The results obtained indicate the persistence (1 < D < 1.5) for CORONAL INDEX (CI) with dis-tributed ENSO and QBO cycles. The fractional Brownian motion (fBm) is also found long memory dependence(1¿H¿ 0.5) and locally lowpass signal for all studied cycles observed.A linear relationship implies be-tween Hurst coefficient and fractal dimension for a statistical assumption (H + D = 2).The fractal scaling instrument is established between the global indices (ENSO & QBO) and solar activity (particularly CORO-NAL INDEX (CI)) cycles,the inverse correlation with ENSO and direct with QBO are observed. The results obtained in this research work may help to describe the solar-terrestrial relationship

The Effectiveness of Lasers in Treatment of Oral Mucocele in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review

The mucocele is the most common minor salivary gland associated disease of the oral cavity. It is also considered one of the most common biopsied oral lesions in pediatric patients. In recent years, extensive evidence has been published about the usage of lasers in treating mucoceles in pediatric patients. The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of laser irradiation in the treatment of pediatric mucocele. An electronic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar) was carried out in order to identify all relevant articles using a combination of the following keywords: “Pediatric”, “Oral”, “Mucocele”, “Dental”, “Oral Medicine”, “Soft Dental Lasers”, “Hard Dental Lasers”, and “Lasers,” for all case reports, case series, case-control and cohort studies published from 2007 to 2021. After limiting the search results, removing duplicate titles, and eligibility evaluation, 17 papers were enrolled in the study. Out of the total studies included, 10 articles were related to the diode (635 nm, 808 nm, 810 nm, and 980 nm), 5 to CO2 (10,600 nm), 3 to Er, Cr: YSGG (2780 nm), and 1 involving KTP lasers (532 nm). All studies indicated successful clinical results on mucocele excision with better intra- and post-operative indicators. The general characteristics and outcomes were summarized, and the quality of the studies was assessed using CARE guidelines in this systematic review. The reduction or absence of pain and bleeding, hemostasis, reduced operating time, minimal analgesic consumption, and an antibacterial effect were among the advantages of laser irradiation in the included studies. The laser has proven itself to play an effective role in the treatment of oral mucocele in paediatric patients

Different comet parameters associated with comet head and tail measured by comet assay in smokers (S) and non-smokers (NS) of exposed workers from different industries.

*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.</p

Arsenic content in blood samples of controls and workers of different industries.

Arsenic content in blood samples of controls and workers of different industries.</p

Comparison of different comet parameters between control and different industries.

Comparison of different comet parameters between control and different industries.</p

Fluorescence photomicrograph of blood lymphocytes from control and furniture group stained with Acridine Orange after processed through Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet assay).

Fluorescence photomicrograph of blood lymphocytes from control and furniture group stained with Acridine Orange after processed through Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (Comet assay).</p

Primer sequence of <i>HPRT</i>, <i>OGG1</i> and <i>β-actin</i> gene.

Primer sequence of HPRT, OGG1 and β-actin gene.</p