Surface electric potential of linear periodic charge density

Distribution of the surface electric potential allows visualizing surface plasmons and gives information about parameters of the plasmons. Some plasmonic structures have a periodic structure, for example hybrid self-assembled photonic-plasmonic crystals. Earlier we presented a new method of calculation of the potential for quasiperiodic and periodic structures. In this paper we compare the method with other methods that have different algorithms and formulas

Determination of the size of. Nanoparticles in photonic nanostructures from AFM images

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this paper we propose a relatively simple algorithm for determining the size of ellipsoidal particles on atomic force microscopy (AFM) image. The proposed algorithm frees researchers from the «manual» measuring of the size of a large number of particles. This algorithm is based on a three-dimensional approximation of the segmented images by ellipsoids and it has several advantages over similar methods. One of important advantages is the ability to determine the parameters of particles the surface of which is not completely visible on the image. Proposed method has been tested on simulated images as well as on the experimentally obtained AFM images of silica particles. Especially the method is very useful for the study of opal-like photonic crystals, in which the particles are packed tightly

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Distribution of the surface electric potential allows visualizing surface plasmons and gives information about parameters of the plasmons. Some plasmonic structures have a periodic structure, for example hybrid self-assembled photonic-plasmonic crystals. Earlier we presented a new method of calculation of the potential for quasiperiodic and periodic structures. In this paper we compare the method with other methods that have different algorithms and formulas

Social equity : a route to progressive taxation of individuals

Most countries of the world use a progressive scale to tax individuals. However, the level of tax progression decreased a lot thanks to a lower number of rates and their fall in the first two decades of the XXI-st century as liberal ideas had spread in the middle of the XX-th century. Individuals’ income can be taxed either at a progressive or a flat scale of rates. At the same time, there is no straightforward position, which scale to choose in the economic theory. Tying the personal income tax rate not to the absolute figures of income, but to such categories as a household’s subsistence level, a budget of a household in comfortable circumstances would be reasonable in conditions of a dynamic Russian market environment burdened with inflationary phenomena. This model of the personal income tax and the use of a progressive scale in a city with population numbers of up to 20 million people shows that the tax will rise by a mere US $4.7 compared with the current 13the income tax for medium paid workers will rise by US$ 57.8. At the same time the figure rose by US$ 372.9 for highly paid employees. The use of this model ensures a significant increase of budget income of a region and closure of the gap between wages of highly and low paid workers employed in the economy.peer-reviewe

Investigations of properties of opal-like photonic crystals using combined methods

We propose a technique that combines atomic force microscopy, optical spectrophotometry and diffraction method for characterization of photonic crystals. These materials are promising for the creation of various devices, as well as for the observation of new effects due to their unique properties. Photonic crystals were synthesized by self-assembly of colloidal silica particles with low deviation in size. It is shown that the developed technique allows to increase the accuracy of determining the parameters of the photonic crystal

A new approach of recognition of ellipsoidal micro- and nanoparticles on AFM images and determination of their sizes

© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.In this work we develop an approach of automatic recognition of ellipsoidal particles on the atomic force microscopy (AFM) image and determination of their size, which is based on image segmentation and the surface approximation by ellipsoids. In addition to the comparative simplicity and rapidity of processing, this method allows us to determine the size of particles, the surface of which is not completely visible on the image. The proposed method showed good results on simulated images including noisy ones. Using this algorithm the size distributions of silica particles on experimental AFM images have been determined

Modeling transmission light in photonic band gap of one-dimensional photonic-plasmonic crystals with buffer layer

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The optical transmission wasn't researched completely for the hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystal with buffer dielectric layer between photonic crystal (PC) and layer of gold. In this article we consider the dependence of wavelength of the Tamm plasmon on refraction index of the buffer layer. Wavelength of the transmission peak in the photonic band gap increases at the increasing refractive index of buffer layer between metal and PC. Intensity of the transmission peak in the photonic band gap decreases at the increasing refractive index of buffer layer in metal-PC interface. So we can change distribution of energy inside hybrid photonic-plasmonic mode. This results have a promise application in developing lasers and sensors

Transmission and reflection of self-assembled hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals

We studied the optical properties of hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals using spectral photometry. These structures consist of colloidal photonic crystal and gold layer deposited onto its surface. The samples of plasmonic-photonic crystals prepared with relatively simple method allow to observe different effects. Several peaks in the transmission spectra corresponding to the extraordinary transmission were investigated. The extraordinary transmission which depends on the angle of light incidence and polarization suggests the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. An extraordinary reflection was also observed

Enthalpies of solution of 1-ethyl- and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids in tetrahydrofuran and chloroform at 298.15 K: Thermochemical proton acceptor scale of anions

© 2016 Elsevier B.V.In this work the thermodynamics of intermolecular interactions for imidazolium based ionic liquids in solutions of proton donor solvent chloroform and proton acceptor solvent tetrahydrofuran was studied using solution calorimetry technique. Enthalpies of solution of 1-ethyl- and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium based ionic liquids with tetrafluoroborate, methylsulfate, ethylsulfate, butylsulfate, dicyanoamide, trifluoromethanesulfonate, thiocyanate anions were measured in two solvents over concentration range 0.18-3.60 mmol kg−1 at 298.15 K. Enthalpies of transfer from tetrahydrofuran to chloroform derived from experimental data were exothermic for all studied ionic liquids. Proton acceptor scale of ionic liquids as solutes was proposed on the basis of thermochemical data. Enthalpy of hydrogen bonding of ionic liquids with proton donor solvent chloroform increases in the range of anions [BF4]− < [SCN]− < [TfO]− < [N(CN)2]− < [AlkSO4]−. At the same time these values remain constant for ILs with different length of alkyl group in cations and anions. Thermochemical proton acceptor scale of ILs in solution correlates well with COSMO-RS hydrogen-bonding energies in equimolar cation–anion pairs of ILs

Synthesis optimization of photonic crystals based on silicon and vanadium dioxides

The photonic crystal is the material which structure is characterized by periodic distribution of refraction index in the spatial directions, which have the photonic band gaps in a spectrum of own electromagnetic states. There are numerous approaches of the creation of photonic crystals. In the present the optimal conditions of synthesis of photonic crystals based on silicon dioxide as well as the inverse photonic crystals based on vanadium dioxide are investigated. It is known that the synthesis process is influenced by many different factors. We have studied the dependence of the particle size on the concentration of reagents, as well as on the duration of the reaction. These studies are important for the production of samples of photonic crystals with a definite structure. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd