The effect of intramuscular ephedrine on hypotension during spinal anesthesia in Cesarean

زمینه و هدف: در مواردی جهت عمل جراحی نیاز به روشهایی غیر از بیهوشی عمومی مانند بی حسی نخاعی می باشد. اگر عمل جراحی سزارین با بیهوشی عمومی مقدور نباشد معمولاٌ از این روش جهت ایجاد بی حسی استفاده می گردد که یکی از عوارض حاد و خطیر آن برای مادر و جنین افت سریع فشارخون مادر و برادیکاردی جنین است. جهت جلوگیری از افت ناگهانی فشارخون استفاده از افدرین عضلانی قبل از عمل پیشنهاد گردیده است. لذا این مطالعه به منظور بررسی اثر افدرین عضلانی بر روی افت فشار خون پس از بی حسی نخاعی انجام شد. روش مطالعه: مطالعه از نوع کارآزمایی بالینی بر 90 بیمار 18 تا 35 ساله کاندید عمل جراحی سزارین الکتیو که به طورتصادفی به سه گروه تقسیم شدند انجام شد. گروه اول بدون دریافت افدرین عضلانی (گروه شاهد)، گروههای دوم و سوم (گروههای مورد) بترتیب 25 و 50 میلیگرم افدرین عضلانی پنج دقیقه قبل از بی حسی نخاعی دریافت کردند و فشارخون متوسط شریانی آنها پنج دقیقه قبل و یک، پنج، پانزده و سی دقیقه بعد از بی حسی نخاعی ثبت گردید. نتایج: سه گروه از نظر میانگین فشارخون متوسط شریانی پنج دقیقه قبل از بی حسی نخاعی یکسان بودند. تفاوت میانگین فشارخون متوسط شریانی در دقایق مختلف پس از بیحسی نسبت به پنج دقیقه قبل از آن درگروههای مورد نسبت به گروه شاهد تفاوت معنی داری داشت. این مطالعه نشان داد تزریق 25 و 50 میلیگرم افدرین عضلانی قبل از بی حسی نخاعی، در پیشگیری از افت فشارخون در دقایق مختلف پس از بی حسی مؤثر است. نتیجه گیری: پیشنهاد می گردد از تزریق 25 و یا 50 میلیگرم افدرین عضلانی قبل از بی حسی نخاعی به عنوان روشی مناسب جهت جلوگیری از افت فشارخون مادر و حفظ سلامت نوزاد استفاده شود

An Evaluation of the Maladaptive Schemas and Personality Traits among Drugs Dependents

This study aimed at investigating the relationship between maladaptive schemas and personality characteristics of substance abusers. For this purpose, 120 married substance abusers were purposefully selected. According to the results, extraversion personality characteristic can be anticipated through dependency, suffering, restraint and abandonment. Also, the dependent variable of neuroticism personality characteristic can be predicted by four predictors of emotional deprivation, dependency, suffering, and abandonment. The dependent variable of openness personality trait can also be predicted by two predictors of distrust and obedience. The dependent variable of compatibility personality trait can be traced through three predictors of mistrust, defect and emotional deprivation as well. Finally, the dependent variable of being conscientious can be anticipated by three predictors of emotional deprivation, defect and social isolation. Accordingly, it can be concluded that personality characteristics and early maladaptive schemas appropriately predict the factors increasing or decreasing the tendency to addiction

A Comparative Study of Micronutrient Levels in the Women with Hypertensive Gestational Diabetes with and without Preeclampsia

Introduction: Diabetes is a common metabolic disease during pregnancy. Preeclampsia is the most prevalent disorder that accompanies gestational diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of micronutrients in diabetic women with preeclampsia. The present study aimed to compare the levels of micronutrients in the women with gestational and hypertensive diabetes with and without preeclampsia. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 72 women with gestational and hypertensive diabetes with and without preeclampsia, who were in the third trimester of pregnancy. Demographic characteristics and data on the previous and current pregnancies were obtained using a questionnaire. In addition, blood samples were collected, and the levels of micronutrients were measured, including iron, zinc, magnesium, and lipid profile. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19 using t-test and Chi-square at the significance level of 0.05. Results: Among 72 participants, 32 cases had gestational diabetes and hypertension with preeclampsia, and 40 cases were without preeclampsia. Mean iron level in the group with preeclampsia was 108.91± 64.58, while it was 79.75±53.33 in the group without preeclampsia. The level of zinc in the group with preeclampsia was 65.73±24.40, while it was 53.17±19.23 in the group without preeclampsia. The level of copper in groups with and without preeclampsia was 220.59±61.92 and 192.83±47.46, respectively. Differences between the groups in terms of the levels of iron (P=0.39), zinc (P=0.02), and copper (P=0.035) were considered significant. In addition, the levels of magnesium, cholesterol, and triglyceride had no significant differences between the groups (P>0.5) Conclusion: According to the results, the levels of micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and copper were higher in the women with gestational and hypertensive diabetes with preeclampsia compared to those without preeclampsia

The effects of hand-stripping on some epidermal mucus immune parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Fish epidermis functions as the first defense barrier against physical, chemical, and biological stressors. However, the effects of hand-stripping on fish mucosal immune responses have been hardly investigated. The present study investigated the effects of stripping procedures on skin mucosal immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) breeders. The skin mucus was sampled from six male and six female trout before and one week after the stripping handling. The results showed that stripping had significant effect on all parameters except protease activity, but gender had a significant effect only on the mucosal protease and alkaline phosphatase activity. The results did not show any effect of the interaction between stripping and gender on mucosal lysozyme activity. The data revealed that enzymatic activities of alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, esterase, as well as the total immunoglobulin level and bactericidal activity were significantly reduced in the skin mucus of fish one week after the stripping. The reduction of immune parameters in the skin mucus could be related to immunosuppression caused by stripping stress which, in turn, might have made the fish more susceptible to microbial infections and diseases. Therefore, care should be taken during stripping to minimize the manipulation stress.

Mast cell density in gastric biopsies of pediatric age group and its relation to inflammation and presence of Helicobacter pylori

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mast cell density, histological severity of gastritis, and presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the antral mucosa of pediatric patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study included 352 (192 male and 160 female, < 14 years old) patients. All cases underwent endoscopy, and biopsies were obtained for histopathological examination and evaluation of Helicobacter pylori. All biopsies were evaluated according to the Sydney system and mast cell density in the antral mucosa was analyzed by Giemsa stain. Spearman's correlation test was used to determine the relationship between mast cell density and other histopathological parameters. The comparison of mast cell density between H. pylori positive and negative groups was analyzed by Mann Whitney U test.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Mast cell density was 12.6 ± 0.87 in 0.25 mm²(0–81). Means of severity of gastric inflammation in H. pylori-positive and negative patients were 1.7 ± 0.6 and 0.6 ± 0.7, respectively, which was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). Mast cell density was not correlated with presence and degree of inflammation, activity, presence and score of H. pylori in the antrum (p > 0.05). There was no significant correlation between mast cell density and allergy.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>We concluded that there may be some other ways for contribution of mast cells in pathologic processes involving gastrointestinal tract in children.</p

Associations between Western and Mediterranean-type dietary patterns and depression in adults in Shiraz

Background and aims: Depression is a growing public health problem in the world. In this study we investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and depression in adults aged 20-50 years living in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 416 subjects (180 men and 236 women) aged 20 to 50 years were selected by stratified multistage random sampling. Dietary intakes were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Depression information was collected by Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire. Three major dietary patterns were extracted by factor analysis: vegetable, Western, and Mediterranean-type dietary patterns. Regression analysis was used for association between dietary pattern and depression. Results: A strong positive significant association was observed between Western dietary pattern and depression. Also there was a negative significant association between Mediterranean-type dietary pattern and depression. These associations remained statistically significant even after adjustments for demographic characteristics, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, and energy intake. No association was found between vegetable dietary pattern and depression. Conclusion: The results showed that there was a relationship between dietary patterns and depression. However, clinical trials are needed to clarify whether a causal relationship between diet and mood disorders can be established

Mortality rate and immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with Yersinia ruckeri subsequent to feeding on diet supplemented with Ducrosia anethifolia essential oil

Application of the immunostimulant is the most promising method for controlling diseases in aquaculture. In this study, the mortality rate and immune responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed on diet supplemented with Ducrosia anethifolia essential oil was investigated after challenging with Yersinia ruckeri. The essential oil mixed with sunflower oil at different concentrations (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1%) and the commercial food was coated with this oil. Fish were fed with diets for 8 weeks and infected with Y. ruckeri at the ending of feeding trial. Serum protein, albumin, globulin and lysozyme and bactericidal activity of challenged fish were evaluated one week after injection and mortality were counted till day 10. The results showed that albumin had not differed among treatments. The highest level of the protein and globulin were found in control group. Serum lysozyme activity showed no difference between groups. The highest and lowest serum bactericidal activity was observed in 0.001% and control group, respectively. The mortality rates in infected fish were as 55% in control group, 40% in 0.001%, 70% in 0.01% and 70% in 0.1% treatment. Lowest rate of mortality was observed in group 0.001%, while began two days earlier than other groups

The Role of Index and Ring Fingers in Gender Identification and Height Estimation

Background: It is a challenge in forensic medicine to identify deceased bodies when body dismembered from remaining body parts, such as hands, arms, and feet. We aimed to determine gender and the correlation between stature, and index and ring fingers in an Iranian population.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 Iranian students aged between 18 and 25 years were included (2016-2017). The length of the nondominant index and ring fingers were measured from proximal crease to the tip. The exclusion criteria were a history of heavy physical work by hand, hand vocational sports, anatomical musculoskeletal deformities, and chronic internal diseases (diabetes, thyroid disorders, renal failure, etc.). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and correlation and regression models were used to analyze the achieved data.Results: The mean height was 179 cm in males and 164 cm in females. The mean index and ring fingers lengths were 73 mm and 74 mm in males, and 68 mm and 68 mm in females, respectively. The mean sum of index and ring fingers lengths were 147 mm in males and 136 mm in females. Height, index and ring fingers length, and the sum of them significantly differed between genders (P&lt;0.0001). The accuracy of gender determination was 92%, 71%, 73% and 74.5% in terms of stature, index finger length, ring finger length, and the sum of index and ring fingers length, respectively. The correlation between height and index finger length, as well as the height and ring finger length, were significant in males, females, and total cases (P&lt;0.0001).Conclusion: Based on this study, index and ring fingers lengths can be used to predict height and determine gender.

Secondary Metabolites Produced by the Marine Bacterium Halobacillus salinus That Inhibit Quorum Sensing-Controlled Phenotypes in Gram-Negative Bacteria

Certain bacteria use cell-to-cell chemical communication to coordinate community-wide phenotypic expression, including swarming motility, antibiotic biosynthesis, and biofilm production. Here we present a marine gram-positive bacterium that secretes secondary metabolites capable of quenching quorum sensing-controlled behaviors in several gram-negative reporter strains. Isolate C42, a Halobacillus salinus strain obtained from a sea grass sample, inhibits bioluminescence production by Vibrio harveyi in cocultivation experiments. With the use of bioassay-guided fractionation, two phenethylamide metabolites were identified as the active agents. The compounds additionally inhibit quorum sensing-regulated violacein biosynthesis by Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and green fluorescent protein production by Escherichia coli JB525. Bacterial growth was unaffected at concentrations below 200 μg/ml. Evidence is presented that these nontoxic metabolites may act as antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing by competing with N-acyl homoserine lactones for receptor binding