Dental Neglect Leading to Foreign Body in Tooth

An 11 years old boy accompanied by a neighbor reported to the department with pain in the lower front teeth region. History and clinical and radiographic examination revealed dental neglect by the parent and a sewing needle in the root canal of the lower left central incisor. The tooth had to be extracted dueto extensive crown fracture. Parents were counseled with an empathetic approach and motivated for further dental treatment needs in the child

Incongruities of a Socialistic Smart City: a Case of Area Based Development in T. T. Nagar, Bhopal

The Smart City mission, launched in 2015, has selected 99 cities all over India to participate in the vision of smart and sustainable living. This further initiated a chain of urban renewal projects among these cities in an attempt to produce a perfect model to instigate close association and development of nearby towns and villages, in collaboration with the Union Ministry of Urban Development. Bhopal has acted swiftly in response to this challenge, coming up with an Area Based Development(ABD) plan right in the city core in T.T. Nagar. Being a provincial city possesing several contextual assets like state-owned lands in the city centre, Bhopal has introduced this ABD as the first in India to be a redevelopment and rehabilitation project. It has been envisaged to develop with state of the art infrastucture and technological and ‘smart’ interventions. However, the project proposes extensive involvement of private sector and joint ventures which produces a requirement of huge capital of 2500 crores for execution (Bhopal Smart City Corporation Limited, 2016). The government of Bhopal intends to recover this investment through large-scale real estate models and commercial frameworks catering for the needs of higher socio-economic sections of the area and private organisations, leaving behind a cluster of untended and economically weak communities. This contradicts the socialistic role of government in policy-making and execution. This research intends to assess and re-imagine criterias for site selection of ABD in a smart city to act as a driver of development, rather than a caterer of developed city-centres. The study also examines the role of government and people indeciding these criterias by assessing varying scenarios of deliverables at core and periphery, establishing the need of additional participatory frameworks in centre-introduced initiatives such as the Smart City mission

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON CONCEPT OF AGNI IN AYURVEDA AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Health is the state of mentally and physically well being. According to Ayurveda, when Dosha, Dhatu and Mala are in Sama awastha and Indriya, Aatma, Mann all are working properly then the person is considered as Swastha. For Dosha, Dhatu and Mala to be in the state of proportionality Agni should be normal (Samagni). Agni consist digestive (Pak) and different kinds of hormones, enzyme and co enzymes activities etc. which participate in digestive & metabolic functions. It is believed to be the agency for various types of metabolic transformations. During each and every second various procedure of transformations take place inside the human body. Enumeration of Agni varies in various classical Ayurvedic texts. According to various functions and site of action, Agni has been divided into 13 types, i.e. one Jatharagni, five Bhutagni and seven Dhatvagni. Jatharagni is the most important one, which digests four types of food and transforms it into Rasa and Mala. Ayurveda consider that no disease ever be develop without the derangement of Agni. Therefore in the management of each and every disease, Agni gets primary focus. Though in Ayurvedic literature, a detailed explanation of Agni is available but there is lack of its practical utility. So, this paper is a sincere effort to elaborate the practical utility of Agni

PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF AMALAKI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION

Emblica officinalis popularly known as Amalaki and Indian Goose Berry in English belongs to family Euphorbeaceae. Amalaki is gift of nature to mankind and is known as Amritphala in Sanskrit which means “Fruit of Heavenâ€. Amalaki is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas and has therapeuticpotential against deleterious diseases. Earlier it becomes a notable fruitfor its rich amount of vitamin C, polyphenols such as tannins, gallicacid, ellagic acid, flavonoids like quercetin and rutin. Emblica officinalis (Amla) are widely used in the Indian system of medicineand believed to increase defense against diseases. Emblica officinalis is a versatile plant due to its various medicinal properties. Emblica officinalis seeds, leaves and fruits are commonly used for medicinal purpose. The various medicinal properties of Emblica officinalis such as Antioxidant, Antipyretic, Analgesic, Cytoprotective, Anti-ulcer, Immune modulatory, Anti Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-protective have been studied. Emblica officinalis having a strong Memory enhancing property, cholesterol lowering, applicable in ophthalmic disorder, are reviewed. The effects of Emblica officinalis also take account as an Antimicrobial action and in neutralizing snake venom are also included. It is used as a single remedy and as content in many medicinal preparations. The current review is to summarize Description, Phytochemistry, Therapeutic Activity, Pharmacological Activity of Emblica officinalis, which may be helpful to establish a Standard Natural drug as an Antimicrobial.

PREVENTION OF MADHUMEH AND ITS COMPLICATIONS THROUGH AYURVEDA

Faulty dietary habits, sedentary life style and stressful conditions may lead to various metabolic disorders and diabetes is one of them. In Ayurveda, Madhumeh one of the types of Vataj prameh is compared to diabetes mellitus because of having similarities of diseases in respect to Etiopathogenesis, clinical features and prognosis. Prevalence of diabetes is increasing day by day throughout the world where India leads the highest numbers. Diabetes is the fourth leading cause of global death by disease. Type-2 DM is    responsible for approximately 90% of cases. The main causes of Madhumeha are lack of exercise, improper food habits, excessive intake of food having Snigdha and Guru guna and food which causes vitiation of Kapha dosha are the primal causes of disease Microvascular complications of diabetes like retinopathy and nephropathy are comparatively lower in Indians. The prevalence of premature coronary artery disease is much higher in Indians compared to other ethnic groups. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of vision loss in adults of working age (20-65yrs) in industrialized countries..Modern therapeutics has many limitations but Ayurvedic principles of management can help the patient to control blood glucose level and have better routine life. Ayurveda plays an important role in prevention of Type-2 DM. Up to 80% of type 2 diabetes is preventable by adopting a healthy diet and increasing physical activity. To prevent this disease and its complications it is necessary to follow principles of Ayurveda i.e. Nidanaparivarjan, Ashtahar Vidhivisheshayatan, Dincharya, Rutucharya, Sadavritta and practicing particular Asana and Yoga postures

STUDY OF PANCHVALKAL KASAYA IN VAGINAL DISCHARGE W.S.R TO ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES

Vaginal Discharge is a common complaint of women coming for medical consultation, it is characterized by discharge per vagina, with itching. It is very common in developing countries like India where unhygienic condition are prevalent, Stressful Modern life styles, Food Habits, Social status. It is common problem which affect women during reproductive age. WHO has estimated that there are 333 million new cases of curable Vulvovaginal infections per year. Many formulations have been mentioned in Ayurvedic texts for treatment of Yonigatasrava. Panchvalkal has been explained in Bhavprakash. The main objective of this review article is to discuss the thereupatic uses of Panchvalkal in various diseases and to discuss the different pharmacological properties and thereupatic uses of Panchvalkal. The selected drug is found to be effective in vaginal discharge w.s.r. to its Antimicrobial properties. It helps in eliminating symptoms like Srava, Kandu, Dorgandhya, Vedana etc. it has Kashya and Katu Properties. These Gunas are effective on vitiated Kapha and normalize it. The present attempt to encompass the up to date comprehensive literature to Study the mode of action of Panchvalkal in vaginal discharge w.s.r. to Ayurvedic properties and Modern pharmacology

A comparative bioequivalence study to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile and safety of single-dose of dydrogesterone 10 mg tablets in healthy adult female volunteers

Background: Dydrogesterone is a progesterone derivative. It is indicated in variety of disorders requiring progesterone administration. The basic aim of this bioequivalence (BE) study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of generic dydrogesterone 10 mg tablets (test product- Dydrosure) versus the innovator brand.Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, balanced, two-treatment, two-period, two-sequence, two-way crossover, single oral dose BE study conducted in healthy adult females under fasting conditions. A total of 28 subjects participated and 27 subjects completed both the study periods with 14 days washout in between. A total of 23 serial blood samples were collected starting from pre-dose to 72-hour post-dose. The primary pharmacokinetic parameters included peak plasma concentration (Cmax), area under the curve from zero to time t (AUC0-t) and zero to infinity (AUC0-inf); and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of geometric least square mean (LSM) ratio of test product versus reference product were computed to evaluate the BE. The safety evaluation was based on reported adverse events (AEs) and laboratory parameters.Results: The 90% CIs of geometric LSM ratio of all primary pharmacokinetic parameters were within the range of 80 to 125%. The sequence, period and treatment did not have significant effect on the primary pharmacokinetic parameters. A single AE of dizziness was reported with the test product which was mild in intensity and transient in nature.Conclusions: Based on the statistical analysis of dydrogesterone, it is concluded that the test product (T): Dydrosure (dydrogesterone tablets IP 10 mg) manufactured by Alkem Laboratories Ltd., India is bioequivalent to the innovator’s brand, in terms of rate and extent of absorption under fasting conditions. The test product can be used interchangeably with the innovator’s brand

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Highly Tetragonal (1-x)Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-xPbTiO3 Piezoceramics

We present here the comprehensive X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dielectric measurement of (1-x)Bi(Zn1/2Ti1/2)O3-xPbTiO3 (BZT-xPT) piezoceramics with x=0.65, 0.70, 0.75 and 0.80. Powder X-ray diffraction data reveals the tetragonal structure (space group P4mm) of BZT-xPT ceramics for all the compositions.Comment: 2 Pages, 4 Figure

Pyridazine: A Magical Moiety

Introduction: A heterocyclic organic molecule having the chemical formula, C4H4N2. It is aromatic and has a 6-membered ring with two nearby nitrogen atoms. It has a specific heat of 208 °C and is an inert liquid. This paper presents a complete summary of the phytochemical and pharmacological activity of pyridazine as well as its derivatives published to date using new research findings and a wide variety of data. For the study, authors' scientific journal articles on pyridazine as well as its derivatives were investigated. The pharmacological properties of pyridazine as well as its derivatives include anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-allergic, anti-histaminic, eosinophil chemotaxis-inhibiting, anti-inflammatory, anti-PAF (thrombin factor), anti-HIV, and anti-histaminic effects. Conclusion: Pyridazine and its derivatives are involved in many pharmaceutical procedures. Although researchers have highlighted the crucial roles pyridazines and its derivaives that fulfills, we emphasize that further laboratory studies should be conducted in order to broaden the breadth of this compound's possible applications

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY DONE TO EVALUATE THE FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME OF KNEE AFTER ARTHROSCOPIC POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION USING IPSILATERAL PERONEUS LONGUS AUTOGRAFT.

Background: PCL is one of the major ligaments of the knee joint which stabilizes the tibia on the femur. It prevents posterior translation of the tibia. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the functional outcome of knee joint after arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using ipsilateral peroneus longus autograft and also to assess the donor site morbidity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 24 patients in the department of orthopaedics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Sheikhpura, Patna. All patients (male or female; age range 18-40 years) with PCL tear coming in OPD and emergency department of the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna; were included in the study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.5 years with a range from 19 years to 39 years. Most of the patients (37.5%) were in the age group of 25-32 years followed by 33.3% in the age group of 33-40 years, and 29.2% aged 18-25 years. All the patients were males. There was a significant improvement in IKDC and Tegner Lysholm score at 6-weeks, 3-months, 6-months, 1-year, 1.5 years, and 2-years compared with pre-operative IKDC and Tegner Lysholm score. The donor site morbidity was assessed with Foot and Ankle Disability Index (FADI) and found to be unaffected. Conclusion: Arthroscopic single bundle PCL reconstruction using ipsilateral peroneus  longus  tendon  autograft had significant improvement in functional outcome of the knee based on IKDC and Tegner Lysholm score. Ankle function was also found to be preserved based on FADI score at 2-years follow-up