Evaluation of right ventricular function and various models of delayed enhancement with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with repaired tetralogy of fallot

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is considered as the most frequent cyanotic congenital heart disorder. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is possible to be observed in patients with repaired TOF. Delayed enhancement (DE) is one of the recommended findings for RV dysfunction. Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the DE and its probable relationship with RV function through cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the values of cardiovascular magnetic resonance of 110 symptomatic patients, who had repaired TOF for 35 years, were gathered. We compared cardiac function indices (CFI) in patients with and without DE. Results: The patients had an average age of 21.93 ± 6.94 years (59.12 were male and 40.94 were female). 93.66 of the subjects showed DE and 6.44 of them did not have DE. 78.61 of the samples had DE of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT); whereas, 21.39 showed DE of the other sites. The differences between mean regurgitation fraction, average RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), average RV end systolic volume (ESV), and average RV ejection fraction in DE positive and negative patients were statistically significant (P values = 0.01, 0.04, 0.04, and 0.01, respectively.) Conclusion: DE commonly occurs as a complication of surgery to repair TOF and could be used as a factor for impaired RV function and other complications. Using CMR imaging for follow up of these patients could lead to diagnosis of these complications. © 2020, Iranian Journal of Radiology. T

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of pediatric Campylobacter spp. Acute Gastroenteritis

Background: Although Campylobacter strains are one cause of acute bacterial gastroenteritis, their clinical and laboratory findings have only been examined in a few studies. Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the frequency level as well as the clinical and laboratory findings of patients with acute gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 419 Iranian children in Semnan city with acute gastroenteritis were assessed for their clinical and laboratory findings, including fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, dehydration, the presence of red blood cells and white blood cells (WBCs) in the stool, and leukocytosis. After being prepared for testing, a sample of the patient�s stool was also examined for the presence of Campylobacter strains through microscopic examination, culture, and chemical reactions. Results: There were 36 positive cultures (8.6) for Campylobacter, with frequencies of 6.4 and 10.3 for boys and girls, respectively (P = 0.16). The highest frequency of positive culture belonged to the age group over six years (P = 0.02). The most common findings associated with Campylobacter diarrhea included abdominal pain (77.8 vs.1 8.8, P < 0.001), fever (80.6 vs. 20.4, P < 0.001), leukocytosis (72.2 vs. 45.7, P = 0.002), and WBCs in the stool (63.9 vs. 23.8, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This studyshowedthatabdominalpain, fever, leukocytosis, andWBCs in the stoolwereassociated with gastroenteritis infection caused by Campylobacter. © 2016, Pediartric Infections Research Center

Socioeconomic - Related inequalities in overweight and obesity: Findings from the PERSIAN cohort study

Background: Overweight and obesity are major health concerns worldwide, with adverse health consequences during the life span. This study measured socioeconomic inequality in overweight and obesity among Iranian adults. Methods: Data were extracted from 129,257 Iranian adults (aged 35 years and older) participated in the Prospective Epidemiologic Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) in 14 provinces of Iran in 2014. Socioeconomic-related inequality in overweight and obesity was estimated using the Concentration Index (Cn). The Cn further decomposed to find factors explaining the variability within the Socioeconomic related inequality in overweight and obesity. Results: Of the total number of participants, 1.98, 26.82, 40.76 and 30.43 had underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity respectively. The age-and sex standardized prevalence of obesity was higher in females than males (39.85 vs 18.79). People with high socioeconomic status (SES) had a 39 and 15 higher chance of being overweight and obese than low SES people, respectively. The positive value of Cn suggested a higher concentration of overweight (0.081, 95 confidence interval CI; 0.074-0.087) and obesity (0.027, 95% CI; 0.021-0.034) among groups with high SES. There was a wide variation in socioeconomic-related inequality in overweight and obesity rate across 14 provinces. The decomposition results suggested that SES factor itself explained 66.77 and 89.07% of the observed socioeconomic inequalities in overweight and obesity among Iranian adults respectively. Following SES, province of residence, physical activity, using hookah and smoking were the major contributors to the concentration of overweight and obesity among the rich. Conclusions: Overall, we found that overweight and obesity is concentrated among high SES people in the study population. Accordingly, it seems that intersectional actions should be taken to control and prevent overweight and obesity among higher socioeconomic groups. © 2020 The Author(s)