Studies on the correlation of some aggregate parameters in the drains of a service facility

Real composite samples from industrial waste drains were obtained from four different worksites in an oil company waste management facility, Warri Nigeria. The sites include: Recycle Waste Deport drain, PetroleumChemistry Laboratory drain, Tubo Scope Yard drain and Fuel Filling station drain. For each sample, four aggregate water quality parameter: Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and 5-dayBiochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), were determined weekly, and monthly averages were taken over a period of seven months. TDS and Turbidity were well correlated in each case and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for the seven months for each of the drain samples were respectively: -0.78, - 0.24, 0.58 and 0.42. BOD5 was also wellcorrelated with COD and Pearson’s correlation coefficient for each drain sample for the period was respectively: 0.97, 0.90, 0.49 and 0.93. Regression analysis gave equations of a straight line: y = a b + c for the eight plots. In each case the Pearson’s coefficient of determination, R2, shows that each regression model is adequate for future prediction ofone water quality parameter regarded as the dependent variable from another, a determined independent variable

A reduced genome decreases the host carrying capacity for foreign DNA

BackgroundHost-plasmid interactions have been discussed largely in terms of the influences of plasmids, whereas the contributions of variations in host genomes to host interactions with foreign DNA remain unclear. A strain with a so-called “clean genome” (i.e., MDS42) of reduced genome size has recently been generated from the wild-type strain MG1655, a commonly used host strain. A quantitative evaluation of the influence of plasmid burdens in these two Escherichia coli strains can not only provide an understanding of how a reduced genome responds to foreign DNA but also offer insights into the proper application of these strains.ResultsThe decreases in growth caused by the cost of carrying foreign DNA were similar for the wild-type and clean-genome strains. A negative correlation between the growth rate and the total amount of exogenous DNA was observed in both strains, but a better theoretical fit with a higher statistical significance was found for the strain with the clean genome. Compared to the wild-type strain, the clean-genome strain exhibited a reduced carrying capacity for exogenous DNA, which was largely attributed to its ability to restrict the replication of foreign DNA. A tendency to allocate energy and resources toward gene expression, but not DNA replication, was observed in the strain with the clean genome.ConclusionsThe possession of a clean genome constrained the plasmid copy number to a wild-type-equivalent load. The results indicate that the wild-type strain possesses a greater tolerance for foreign DNA, as in endosymbiosis, and that the use of strains with clean genomes will be favorable in the applications that require precise control and theoretical prediction

INFLUENCE OF WOMEN PARTICIPATION IN GROUP ACTIVITIES ON EMPOWERMENT OF COMMUNITIES: A CASE OF KAJIADO NORTH SUB COUNTY, KENYA.

The activities that women participate in through their groups influence the empowermentof communities. Women participation refers to the act of women getting involved in thevarious entrepreneurial processes or activities through their groups that would either bringeconomic, social and political changes to their lives, their families and ultimately theircommunities. This paper aimed at examining the Influence of women participation ingroup activities in Kajiado North Sub County, Kajiado County in Kenya. The studyobjectives were; To establish the influence of women participation in financial activities onthe economic empowerment of communities; to assess the influence of women participationin political activities on the empowerment of communities; to assess the influence of womengroups participation in environmental conservation activities on the empowerment ofcommunities and to establish the influence of women participation in trainings on theempowerment of communities. The target population consisted of women drawn from 378groups registered in Kajiado North Sub County; 5 Uwezo fund coordinators; 6 ministrystaff/government officials and 5 National Government Constituency Development Fund(CDF) and Women Enterprise Fund (WEF) officials. Data was gathered usingquestionnaire and interview guides and organized into themes according to studyobjectives. Findings indicated that; community empowerment is influenced by womengroup participation in income generating activities as indicated by 73.9% of therespondents, political activities as   indicated by 60.8%, environmental conservationactivities as indicated by 58.7% as well as training activities as indicated by 48.5% of therespondents. Given that women play a major role in the family and communitydevelopment, this study recommends that the government should upscale womeninvolvement in entrepreneurial activities as this has a direct effect on communityempowerment and general development of the country.

Lymphomas in sub-Saharan Africa - what can we learn and how can we help in improving diagnosis, managing patients and fostering translational research?

Approximately 30 000 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occur in the equatorial belt of Africa each year. Apart from the fact that Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is very common among children and adolescents in Africa and that an epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is currently ongoing in this part of the world, very little is known about lymphomas in Africa. This review provides information regarding the current infrastructure for diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa. The results on the diagnostic accuracy and on the distribution of different lymphoma subsets in sub-Saharan Africa were based on a review undertaken by a team of lymphoma experts on 159 fine needle aspirate samples and 467 histological samples during their visit to selected sub- Saharan African centres is presented. Among children (age), BL accounted for 82% of all NHL, and among adults, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma accounted for 55% of all NHLs. Among adults, various lymphomas other than BL, including T-cell lymphomas, were encountered. The review also discusses the current strategies of the International Network of Cancer Treatment and Research on improving the diagnostic standards and management of lymphoma patients and in acquiring reliable clinical and pathology data in sub- Saharan Africa for fostering high-quality translational research

1歳6ヵ月児の父親の労働時間・育児参加時間からみた母親の育児幸福感

母親の肯定的な感情を支持する支援のための基礎資料を得ることをねらいに,1歳6ヵ月児の父親の労働時間・育児参加時間からみた母親の育児幸福感を明らかにすることを目的とした.対象は1歳6ヵ月児健診を受診した母親である.健診時に,説明と同意のうえ,母親の育児幸福感(清水ら,2006)と父親の労働時間・育児参加時間に関するアンケートを配布し,郵送法で回収した.全122人に配布し,59件の有効回答を得た.分析は単純集計の後,両親・子ども・父親の労働時間などの各変数ごとに母親の育児幸福感尺度の平均点を算出した.その結果,父親の帰宅時間は20～21時が42.4%であった.父親の過の労働時間は平均59.2±15.0時間であり,50時間以下が33.9%であった.父親の育児参加時間は,平日は1～2時間が40.7%と多く,ほとんどなしが全体の4分の1を占め,休日は半日ぐらいが55.9%と多かった.父親に子どもを任せて母親が外出できる時間は,ほとんどなしが54.2%であった.両親・子ども・家族の特性別及び父親の労働時間・帰宅時間・育児参加時間別にみた母親の育児幸福感得点に有意な差はみられなかった.父親に任せて母親が1人で外出できる時間において,「ほとんどなし」または「半日以上」の場合に母親の育児幸福感は高く,「1～2時間」の場合に育児幸福感は低く,有意な差がみられた.The present study was conducted in order to clarify correlations between child care happiness of mothers whose children was 1 year and 6 months old and fathers\u27 working and child care hours. Questionnaires were handed to 122 mothers who came to health check at the health center of A city. Analysis was performed on valid responses obtained from 59 individuals. From the analysis of correlations between child care happiness of mothers and fathers\u27 working and child care hours, the following results were obtained. Forty two percent of fathers return to home at 20 ～ 21 o\u27clock. Mean of working hours of fathers were 59.2±15.0. Forty percent of fathers spend on 1～2 hours for child care on weekday, and 55.9% spend with children on half of day on weekend. There were no correlations between characteristic of parents, working and child care hours of fathers and child care happiness of mothers. Child care happiness of Mothers who could not go out and who could go out among half of day were higher than who could go out about 1～2 hours