Mandatory vs voluntary Payment for Green Electricity

Renewable energy sources have a critical role to play in contributing to the diversity, sustainability and security of energy supplies. The main objectives of the paper is to gain an understanding of UK households’preferences for the type of mechanism that is used to support renewables. Two self-designed contingent valuation method (cvM) surveys are used to explore whether the type of payment option has an impact on households’ willingness to pay for increasin9 share of renewable energy in electricity generation. The paper also investigates whether the type of payment mode affects respondents’ self-reported certainty of paying their stated valuations.The results indicate that the likelihood of paying a positive amount for supporting renewable energy is higher under a mandatory scheme compared to a voluntary payment option in the UK. Respondents have a higher level of certainty in paying their stated WTP under a mandatory payment scheme.ESRC TSEC

Mandatory vs voluntary Payment for Green Electricity

Renewable energy sources have a critical role to play in contributing to the diversity, sustainability and security of energy supplies. The main objectives of the paper is to gain an understanding of UK households' preferences for the type of mechanism that is used to support renewables. Two self-designed contingent valuation method (cvM) surveys are used to explore whether the type of payment option has an impact on households' willingness to pay for increasin9 share of renewable energy in electricity generation. The paper also investigates whether the type of payment mode affects respondents' self-reported certainty of paying their stated valuations.The results indicate that the likelihood of paying a positive amount for supporting renewable energy is higher under a mandatory scheme compared to a voluntary payment option in the UK. Respondents have a higher level of certainty in paying their stated WTP under a mandatory payment scheme

BIPLOT ANALYSIS OF LEAF RUST RESISTANCE IN PURE LINES SELECTED FROM EASTERN ANATOLIAN BREAD WHEAT LANDRACES OF TURKEY

WOS: 000418419700009The present research was conducted to determine the reactions of 42 pure lines selected from bread wheat landraces of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, against the leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) disease under field conditions across 7 environments. G (Genotype), GE (Genotype Environment) biplot analysis method was used to determine the reactions of landraces against leaf rust disease. GGE-biplot graph created to assess leaf rust disease was explained a 78.12% of total variation. While E3 and E2 constituted the first and second mega environments respectively, the other four environments constituted the third and fourth mega environments. The lowest PC1 values and PC2 values close to 0.0 explaining the resistance of pure lines to leaf rust at best in the biplot. Reactions of landraces varied based on their distance from the Average Environment Axis (AEA). While the pure lines with the same or similar reactions in 7 experimental environments fell close to the axis, ones with different reactions in one or more environments were relatively distant. The pure lines of EA15 and EA19 were identified as the most resistant and stable genotypes in all environments when EA42 and EA41 were the most susceptible/stable genotypes in all environments. Pure lines that were resistant or moderately resistant at all seven tested environments should be useful for breeding wheat cultivars with resistance to leaf rust in Turkey.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [111O255]; TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)This research was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, project number 111O255). The authors thank TUBITAK for their financial support

Information Effects in Valuation of Electricity and Water Service Attributes Using Contingent Valuation

Consumers constantly make decisions on the goods and services they purchase, in most cases with incomplete information. Many products that are available in stores, in catalogues, or over the internet are not presented with a full list of attributes or technical specifications. Lack of information is most apparent in non-market goods such as utility service attributes. This paper examines information effects on consumers' willingness to pay (WTP) for a number of electricity and water attributes using two contingent valuation surveys administered in the UK. The attributes considered include WTP for a carbon cleaner electricity fuel mixture as well as increasing security of supply. The results indicate that the quantity and complexity of information can potentially lead individuals to ignore the information presented. The relevance of the attribute to the respondent is found to be a significant motivator in the processing of the information presented. The survey data also reveal a number of socio-economic, attitudinal and behavioural factors that affect WTP for the attributes considered

Physician Learning and Clinical Decision Support Systems

Despite the documented benefits of clinical decision support systems in reducing the number of adverse drug events (ADEs) and medication errors, their adoption has been very limited. In this paper, we propose a clinical learning model that incorporates the use of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) to improve the decisions on the initial drug selection and ongoing dosage and application. The model allows for the analytical investigation of the effects of different CDSS functionalities on clinical learning. The analytical results suggest that using CDSS to improve drug selection decisions positively influences the importance of the patient-level information for the physician. On the other hand, absent improvements in successful drug selection, the use of CDSS may in fact negatively influence the clinical learning

Competition among Experts via Face-to-Face and Online Channels

Online experts increasingly compete against traditional, face-to-face experts by offering many consulting and customer services. In turn, some traditional high-quality experts consider offering online services to defend their markets. In this research, we investigate how a traditional high-quality expert should modify its business model to respond to the new competition arising due to the Internet. We find that the Internet impacts the high-quality traditional expert more adversely than the low-quality traditional expert due to losses in the second opinion market. If the online transaction costs are low, the online expert with an intermediate quality charges a lower price and obtains a higher profit compared to the traditional highquality expert

GGE biplot analysis of reactions of bread wheat pure lines selected from central anatolian landraces of Turkey to leaf rust disease (Puccinia triticina) in multiple location-years

The present study was conducted to determine the reactions of 88 bread wheat pure lines selected from landraces collected in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey against leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) under field conditions in 7 locations. GGE biplot analysis was used to determine the reactions of landrace genotypes against the disease. The GGE biplot explained 73.89% of total variation. Among the experimental locations, 6 (except for E3) were placed close to each other over the biplot graph, indicating two apparent mega-environments. The GGE biplot visually displayed the resistance and stability of the pure lines to leaf rust. The landrace genotypes L18, L19, L45, and L2 were identified as the most resistant/stable genotypes in all environments and L31 and L56 were the most susceptible/stable genotypes

GRAIN YIELD STABILITY OF WINTER OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) CULTIVARS IN THE CENTRAL ANATOLIAN REGION OF TURKEY

The objectives of this research were to assess genotype environment interaction and determine stable oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars for grain yield in Central Anatolian Region of Turkey. Stability analysis [9] were to performed on results for grain yield of 5 oat cultivars (Chekota, Yesilkoy-1779, Yesilkoy-330, Faikbey-2004, Seydisehir-2004) from 24 trials (6 irrigated, 18 rain fed ) was conducted over 6 years in the Central Anatolian Region, Turkey. There was considerable variation in grain yield within and across environments. Year by location and location variability were dominant sources of interactions. The cultivar, “Seydisehir-2004” with respective regression coefficient value of 1.03, the smallest deviations from regressions (S2di) value and the highest grain yield could be considered the most widely adapted cultivar. The other test cultivars were sensitive to production-limiting factors, their wider adaptability, stability and general performance to the fluctuating growing conditions within and across environments being lowered