ÇAM ÖKSEOTU (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman)’NUN ZARARI, BİYOLOJİSİ VE MÜCADELESİ

Ökseotu, ülkemiz iğne yapraklı ormanlarında zarar yapan parazit bir tür olarak bilnmesine rağmen özellikle mücadelesi konusunda ormancılık sektörünün çözüm bekleyen önemli problemlerinden biridir. Bu çalışma Çam Ökseotu (Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollman) hakkında yapılan çalışmaların irdelenmesi ve bu parazit bitkinin biyolojisi, zararı ve mücadelesi konusunda bazı yeni bilgilerin eklenmesinde oluşmaktadır. Kullanılabilir mücadele yöntemleri ve zararın derecelendirilmesi konuları tartışılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ökseotu, Parazit bitki, Ça

Wettability and surface roughness characteristics of medium density fiberboard panels from rhododendron (rhododendron ponticum) biomass

Wettability and surface roughness properties of medium density fiberboard (MDF) panels made from Rhododendron biomass were examined in this study. Rhododendron dominates the understory layer of the forests throughout the Black Sea Region in Turkey with substantial biomass potential. This study was conducted to evaluate suitability of Rhododendron fiber for MDF production. For the experiments, rhododendron and commercially-manufactured-chip (Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L.) with 11% moisture content were used. The mixing ratios of rhododendron with commercially-manufactured-chip were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 %, respectively. Commercial urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive was used as a binder. A stylus method was employed to evaluate the surface characteristics of the samples. Roughness measurements by the stylus method were taken perpendicularly to the fiber. There was a significant diff erence (p=0.05) between surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rq, and Ry). Th e results obtained in this study revealed that all the panels have met the general purpose-use requirements of European Norm (EN). It was found that panels made with a 25/75 ratio of rhododendron to commercially-manufactured-chip had a significantly lower contact angle (88.14o) than panels made with a 100/0 ratio (117.91o). Surface roughness measurements are based on four roughness parameters, average roughness (Ra), mean peak-to-valley height (Rz), root mean square roughness (Rq), and maximum peak-to-valley height (Ry) were considered to evaluate the surface characteristics of the panels and supported the above findings as the panels made with a 25/75 ratio had a slightly rougher surface with average values of 2.929 μm (Ra). From the tests performed, we conclude that increasing the rhododendron mixing portion increased surface roughness and decreased wettability. Based on these results, rhododendron biomass could be an alternative raw material for MDF manufacturing

Ranibizumab or Aflibercept Monotherapies in Treatment-Naive Eyes with Diabetic Macular Edema: A Head-to-Head Comparison in Real-Life Experience

Objectives:To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of ranibizumab and aflibercept monotherapies given according to a pro re nata (PRN) protocol in treatment-naive eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) in a real-life clinical setting.Materials and Methods:The medical charts of treatment-naive patients with center-involved DME retrieved from our institutional database were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. A total of 512 treatment-naive eyes with DME underwent either ranibizumab (Group I; 308 eyes) or aflibercept (Group II; 204 eyes) monotherapy and 462 patients were included. The primary outcome was visual gain over 12 months.Results:The mean number of intravitreal injections within the first year was 4.34±1.83 and 4.39±2.12 in Group I and II, respectively (p=0.260). The mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement at 12 months was +5.7 and +6.5 ETDRS letters in Group I and II, respectively (p=0.321). However, among eyes with a BCVA score less than 69 ETDRS letters (54% of the study population), visual gain was more prominent in Group II (+15.2 vs. +12.1 ETDRS letters; p<0.001). Statistically significant decreases in central foveal thickness were observed with both ranibizumab and aflibercept monotherapy (p<0.001), with no significant difference between the groups. (p=0.148).Conclusions:No statistically significant difference was found in visual outcomes at 12-month follow-up between ranibizumab and aflibercept monotherapies using a PRN protocol, although there was a tendency toward slightly better functional and anatomic prognosis in the aflibercept arm

Comparison of the reproductive potential of Monochamus galloprovincialis on two pine species under laboratory conditions

WOS: 000263899200004Monochamus galloprovincialis Olivier (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the vectors of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae), the causal agent of pine wilt in susceptible pine trees. It is therefore important to study both the biological and ecological characteristics of the beetle. In this study reproductive potentials of female beetles reared on two pine species were investigated under laboratory conditions and compared using fertility tables constructed for beetles reared on each tree species. Beetle population parameters were compared between tree species. The intrinsic rate of increase and associated population parameters of beetles reared on Pinus sylvestris L. were consistently higher than those reared on P. nigra Arnold. This result suggests that P. sylvestris has a significantly greater positive effect on the reproductive potential of M. galloprovincialis populations than does P. nigra.Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TUBITAK-TOVAG-3271]; Duzce UniversityDuzce UniversityThis research was supported primarily by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-TOVAG-3271) and also by Duzce University. I thank Dr. Besir Yuksel, Akif Keten and Ismail Baysal for their help in the laboratory; and the Bolu Regional Forestry Directorates for their field support

The insect vectors: Biology and ecology

[No abstract available

Survey for the detection of Bursaphelenchus insect-vector species in the western part of Turkey

WOS: 000445498500010Aim of the study: This study aimed to identify the insect vectors of these Bursaphelenchus species in conifer forests of the western Turkey. Area of study: Sampling was performed in conifer forests of the western part of Turkey. Material and Methods: Two different methods were used, trap trees and pheromone traps with specific lure combinations, to catch insects. Main results: A total number of 11,076 insects in the first year (2012), and 226,205 insects in the second year (2013) surveys were captured. The most represented insect order was Coleoptera and the most common insect species found in all sampling areas was Orthotomicus erosus. After morphological and molecular studies, B. mucronatus was found to be associated with insect bulk samples of Ips sexdentatus, while B. sexdentati was found to be associated with individual and insect bulk samples of O. erosus, Acanthocinus aedilis, and Arhopalus rusticus.Duzce University Research FundDuzce University [2011.02.02.076]; COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) actionEuropean Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) [FP1002]This project was partly supported by Duzce University Research Fund Project Number 2011.02.02.076. Mehmet Dayi was supported as a visiting scholar by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) action "FP1002 Pathway Evaluation and Pest Risk Management in Transport (PERMIT) with a Short-Term Scientific Mission (STSM) for research of his PhD dissertation at University of Evora, Portugal

Insect vectors of the pinewood nematode: a review of the biology and ecology of Monochamus species

WOS: 000302611800001Pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle 1970, is a serious threat to susceptible pine forests of the world. The PWN is primarily vectored by Monochamus species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). The first occurrence of PWD was reported from Japan in the early 1900s. Following this report, Japanese scientists documented the community of bark- and phloem-inhabiting insects associated with the nematodes in dying trees to determine possible vectors of the nematode. Monochamus alternatus was reported to be the most effective vector in Japan. The primary vector in North America is Monochamus carolinensis, and in Europe, it is Monochamus galloprovincialis. Further studies have been expanded through the nematode-invaded countries of Korea, Taiwan, China and Portugal. There is an interspecific association between the PWN and its insect vectors, and it is an obligatory component of the disease cycle. It is crucial to understand this relationship as well as the population ecology of the beetle to aid in monitoring and control of this worldwide threat to pine forests. Studies to date indicate a remarkable similarity among beetle species around the globe for a variety of life-history traits, including lifespan, adult emergence numbers, flight capability, nematode transmission rates and attraction to pine volatiles. Wherever pines are found, there is a beetle species capable of transmitting the nematode. Although flight performance and range is generally poor for this group of beetle vectors, the cryptic nature of the species and the lack of interest in the beetles by countries in the absence of the nematode have led to the disease establishing a foothold in a variety of countries such as Portugal. In this paper, studies conducted in different countries on Monochamus vector species of the PWN are compared and discussed

Düzce çevresindeki odun zararlısı böcekler

Odun zararlısı böcekler Düzce’deki orman depolarında, ithal edilen tomruklarda ve kullanılmakta olan ahşap malzemelerde belirlenmiştir. Böcekleri toplamak için tuzak odunları, istifler ve kullanılmış malzeme örneklenmesi kullanılmıştır. Toplam 4 takıma ait 31 familyadan 63 böcek türü belirlenmiş ve bunların otuz dört tanesi zararlı böcek olarak kabul edilmiştir. Orman depolarında, en yaygın olarak bulunanlar kabuk böcekleri ve teke böcekleridir. Platypus cylindrus (Fabricius), Xyleborus sp., Lymexylon navale (Linnaeus) gibi bazı zararlı böcek türleri ithal edilen tomruklarda bulunmuştur. Ayrıca kullanılan ahşap malzemelerde Lyctus brunneus (Stephens), Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus), Anobium punctatum (De Geer), and Xestobium rufovillosum (De Geer), gibi ekonomik bakımdan önemli 4 kın kanatlı (Coleoptera) türü belirlenmiştir.Wood destroying insects were investigated in forest depots, imported timbers, and wood products in use in Düzce province. In the collection of insect material trap logs, storage decks, and samples of wooden materials were used. In total, 63 insect species belonging to 31 families of 4 orders were found, and 34 of the identified species were categorized as pest species. In forest depots, the most common insects were bark beetles and longhorned beetles. Several wood-destroying insects were found in imported timbers, such as Platypus cylindrus (Fabricius), Xyleborus sp., and Lymexylon navale (Linnaeus). In addition, the Coleopteran species Lyctus brunneus (Stephens), Hylotrupes bajulus (Linnaeus), Anobium punctatum (De Geer), and Xestobium rufovillosum (De Geer), which are economically very important, were found in wood products