A short review on atogepant: recently approved first oral calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist

Migraine is the second leading cause of disability in terms of ‘years lived with disability’ and it affects globally about 12% of the general population. Currently available preventive therapies are not specific to migraine. After the discovery of calcitonin gene-related peptide’s (CGRP’s) role in migraine pathophysiology, CGRP receptor antagonist drugs were developed specifically for migraine. Atogepant is the only oral, selective, potent, second-generation CGRP receptor antagonist approved in September 2021 by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prophylaxis of episodic migraines and chronic migraines. It acts by blocking the α-CGRP receptor present on the vascular smooth muscle cell membrane of cranial arteries. It has the added advantage of oral administration, less hepatotoxicity, minimal drug–drug interactions (DDIs) with better efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile compared to the other CGRP receptor antagonists. This present review summarizes the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) parameters, uses, and drug-food interactions with the help of available current evidence.

A Survey of Wireless Battery Management System: Topology, Emerging Trends, and Challenges

An effective battery management system (BMS) is indispensable for any lithium-ion battery (LIB) powered systems such as electric vehicles (EVs) and stationary grid-tied energy storage systems. Massive wire harness, scalability issue, physical failure of wiring, and high implementation cost and weight are some of the major issues in conventional wired-BMS. One of the promising solutions researchers have come up with is the wireless BMS (WBMS) architecture. Despite research and development on WBMS getting momentum more than a decade ago, it is still in a preliminary stage. Significant further upgradation is required towards developing an industry-ready WBMS, especially for high-power LIB packs. Therefore, an in-depth survey exclusively on WBMS architectures is presented in this article. The aim is to provide a summary of the existing developments as well as to present an informative guide to the research community for future developments by highlighting the issues, emerging trends, and challenges. In-depth analysis of the existing WBMS topologies will not only help the researchers to understand the existing challenges and future research scopes clearly but at the same time enthuse them to focus their research inclination in the domain of WBMS

A Comprehensive Review of Lithium-Ion Cell Temperature Estimation Techniques Applicable to Health-Conscious Fast Charging and Smart Battery Management Systems

Highly nonlinear characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are significantly influenced by the external and internal temperature of the LIB cell. Moreover, a cell temperature beyond the manufacturer’s specified safe operating limit could lead to thermal runaway and even fire hazards and safety concerns to operating personnel. Therefore, accurate information of cell internal and surface temperature of LIB is highly crucial for effective thermal management and proper operation of a battery management system (BMS). Accurate temperature information is also essential to BMS for the accurate estimation of various important states of LIB, such as state of charge, state of health and so on. High-capacity LIB packs, used in electric vehicles and grid-tied stationary energy storage system essentially consist of thousands of individual LIB cells. Therefore, installing a physical sensor at each cell, especially at the cell core, is not practically feasible from the solution cost, space and weight point of view. A solution is to develop a suitable estimation strategy which led scholars to propose different temperature estimation schemes aiming to establish a balance among accuracy, adaptability, modelling complexity and computational cost. This article presented an exhaustive review of these estimation strategies covering recent developments, current issues, major challenges, and future research recommendations. The prime intention is to provide a detailed guideline to researchers and industries towards developing a highly accurate, intelligent, adaptive, easy-to-implement and computationally efficient online temperature estimation strategy applicable to health-conscious fast charging and smart onboard BMS

Machine Learning-Based Data-Driven Fault Detection/Diagnosis of Lithium-Ion Battery: A Critical Review

Fault detection/diagnosis has become a crucial function of the battery management system (BMS) due to the increasing application of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in highly sophisticated and high-power applications to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system. The application of Machine Learning (ML) in the BMS of LIB has long been adopted for efficient, reliable, accurate prediction of several important states of LIB such as state of charge, state of health and remaining useful life. Inspired by some of the promising features of ML-based techniques over the conventional LIB fault detection/diagnosis methods such as model-based, knowledge-based and signal processing-based techniques, ML-based data-driven methods have been a prime research focus in the last few years. This paper provides a comprehensive review exclusively on the state-of-the-art ML-based data-driven fault detection/diagnosis techniques to provide a ready reference and direction to the research community aiming towards developing an accurate, reliable, adaptive and easy to implement fault diagnosis strategy for the LIB system. Current issues of existing strategies and future challenges of LIB fault diagnosis are also explained for better understanding and guidance

Potential action of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) against triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been known as havoc among females globally. It is a heterogeneous group of cancer encompassing many breast cancers basically distinct by the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and overextension of the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene. It can be caused by various factors, namely unbalanced diet, beverage consumption, smoking, hormonal imbalance, medication, genetic factor, and decreased levels of physical activity. It represents one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer, and researchers revealed that the chemical components of cardamom, namely limonene, cymene, pinene, linalool, borneol, cardamonin, indole-3-carbinol, and diindolylmethane, primarily target the programmed cell death lignin-1 gene of cancer which is more abundant in cancer cells than in healthy cells. There is no standard chemotherapy session for eradicating TNBC because targeted receptor absents in cancer cells as present in common breast cancer. Cardamonin has been identified as an effective component that targets most of the signaling pathways against TNBC. Metallic chelates of cardamonin with copper ion help to improve lipophilicity and bioavailability in cancer cells. The literature included in this review was assessed from the international databases, namely PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Bentham, and Research Gate journals published between 2010 and 2023. Utilizing keywords for literature searching are breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, cardamom, bioavailability, and cardamonin. A safe and efficient targeted therapy for this cancer has been difficult to develop due to its rapid proliferation and indefinite signaling pathway. Literature investigation enlightened that phytoconstituent reported in the cardamom reporting anticancer potential action against TNBC. Data concluded from this review can prove beneficial to the communal population in the treatment of TNBC and improve the health indicator in the future

Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular Heck reaction: A general route for fused oxepine derivatives

<p>A simple and facile approach for the synthesis of various structurally different tricyclic bent oxepine frameworks from a readily accessible precursor has been introduced. The synthesis of substituted oxepine derivative involved Pd(0)-catalyzed Heck reaction. This methodology enriches the literature for the large ring formation.</p