A study on knowledge attitude and practice of contraception in school going children in Wardha district in central India

Background: Adolescent sexuality is leading to adolescent pregnancy, unsafe abortion, Reproductive Tract Infections, Sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, studying knowledge, attitude and practice regarding this problem among school adolescents is an essential issue, which can support to overcome young people from sexual related problems.Methods: This study was cross sectional study conducted in Wardha district of Maharashtra among school going adolescents. Data was collected by the means of anonymous questionnaire after taking the informed consent.Results: In our study total 375 students were included in the study, amongst 192 were girls and 183 were boys. Majority of students belong to age group of 13-15 years. Nearly 50% of students were knowing about basic reproductive physiology. Amongst the total 375 participants, 184 (49%) students had ever heard about any of contraceptive method while 51 % of totally unaware. Among total students having knowledge of contraception, 38.7% knew about condoms, oral contraceptive pills as method of contraception were known to 88 students (23.5%) while knowledge of emergency contraception was very low. The knowledge of females was higher as compared to males regarding oral and emergency contraception. 15% of total adolescents accepted that they have used condom. The proportion of males using condoms was higher as compared to females.Conclusions: The adolescents need to be provided with correct knowledge for behavior change, to stop their undesirable practices for healthy life. There was an evident gap between knowledge and practices with respect to the sexual practices of youth which needs to be bridged.

Implementation and evaluation of the Helping Babies Breathe curriculum in three resource limited settings: does Helping Babies Breathe save lives? A study protocol

Background: Neonatal deaths account for over 40% of all under-5 year deaths; their reduction is increasingly critical for achieving Millennium Development Goal 4. An estimated 3 million newborns die annually during their first month of life; half of these deaths occur during delivery or within 24 hours. Every year, 6 million babies require help to breathe immediately after birth. Resuscitation training to help babies breathe and prevent/manage birth asphyxia is not routine in low-middle income facility settings. Helping Babies Breathe (HBB), a simulation-training program for babies wherever they are born, was developed for use in low-middle income countries. We evaluated whether HBB training of facility birth attendants reduces perinatal mortality in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development’s Global Network research sites. Methods/design: We hypothesize that a two-year prospective pre-post study to evaluate the impact of a facility-based training package, including HBB and essential newborn care, will reduce all perinatal mortality (fresh stillbirth or neonatal death prior to 7 days) among the Global Network’s Maternal Neonatal Health Registry births ≥1500 grams in the study clusters served by the facilities. We will also evaluate the effectiveness of the HBB training program changing on facility-based perinatal mortality and resuscitation practices. Seventy-one health facilities serving 52 geographically-defined study clusters in Belgaum and Nagpur, India, and Eldoret, Kenya, and 30,000 women will be included. Primary outcome data will be collected by staff not involved in the HBB intervention. Additional data on resuscitations, resuscitation debriefings, death audits, quality monitoring and improvement will be collected. HBB training will include training of MTs, facility level birth attendants, and quality monitoring and improvement activities. Discussion: Our study will evaluate the effect of a HBB/ENC training and quality monitoring and improvement package on perinatal mortality using a large multicenter design and approach in 71 resource-limited health facilities, leveraging an existing birth registry to provide neonatal outcomes through day 7. The study will provide the evidence base, lessons learned, and best practices that will be essential to guiding future policy and investment in neonatal resuscitation. Trial registration: Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0168101

A pre-post study of a multi-country scale up of resuscitation training of facility birth attendants: does Helping Babies Breathe training save lives?

Background: Whether facility-based implementation of Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) reduces neonatal mortality at a population level in low and middle income countries (LMIC) has not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated HBB implementation in this context where our study team has ongoing prospective outcome data on all pregnancies regardless of place of delivery. Methods: We compared outcomes of birth cohorts in three sites in India and Kenya pre-post implementation of a facility-based intervention, using a prospective, population-based registry in 52 geographic clusters. Our hypothesis was that HBB implementation would result in a 20 % decrease in the perinatal mortality rate (PMR) among births ≥1500 g. Results: We enrolled 70,704 births during two 12-month study periods. Births within each site did not differ prepost intervention, except for an increased proportion ofbirths; however, a post-hoc analysis stratified by birthweight documented improvement insurvival. Conclusions: Rapid scale up of HBB training of facility birth attendants in three diverse sites in India and Kenya was not associated with consistent improvements in mortality among all neonates ≥1500 g; however, differential improvements inpopulation, data collection, and ongoing quality monitoring activities. Trial registration: The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT0168101

Additional file 2: of A randomized controlled trial of hospital versus home based therapy with oral amoxicillin for severe pneumonia in children aged 3 – 59 months: The IndiaCLEN Severe Pneumonia Oral Therapy (ISPOT) Study

Details of contributorship of the ISPOT study group. (PDF 288 kb

Additional file 1: of A randomized controlled trial of hospital versus home based therapy with oral amoxicillin for severe pneumonia in children aged 3 – 59 months: The IndiaCLEN Severe Pneumonia Oral Therapy (ISPOT) Study

Standard operating procedures that were used to train the physicians in assessing clinical signs. (PDF 240 kb