Synergic effect of Citric Acid and Red Onion skin extract on the Oxidative stability of Vegetable Oil

The antioxidant potentials of citric acid and onion skin extract on the oxidative stability of vegetable oil were examined. Results from the peroxide values showed that citric acid had the best antioxidative potentials at a concentration of 0.2g/100g of vegetable oil. This was followed by the antioxidative potentials of a mixture 0.1g of citric acid and 0.1g onion skin extract in 100g of vegetable oil. 0.2g of onion skin extract in 100g of vegetable oil gave the least antioxidative potential. Using a blend of onion skin extract and citric acid gave a better antioxidative potential than using onion skin extract alone. This suggests that there has been some synergistic effect of citric acid on the onion skin extract. Such a blend could be used in place of citric acid to cut down production cost.J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Dec, 201

Synthesis and characterization of reactive dye-cassava mesocarp cation exchange resins

The synthesis of triazine based reactive dyes was carried out. The resultant dyes were characterized by thin layers chromatography, molecular weight, infrared and ultra- violet spectroscopy, and used in dyeing cassava mesocarp to produce dye modified cellulosic substrates. The dyed substrates weretested for dye fixation, fastness (acid, alkali, wash) and solvent stability. Results obtained show that the dyes have excellent dyeing properties attributable to chemical bond formation between the dye molecules and the hydroxyl groups of the substrate (cassava mesocarp). The satisfactory fastness properties and good dye fixation on the substrate are of importance in the preparation of stable and efficient dye modified cellulosic ion exchange resins

The Effect of pH and Salinity on the Rheological Properties of Drilling Mud Formulation from Natural Polymers

Drilling muds are designed to perform certain functions of drilling operation. Some of the functions are to cool and lubricate the drilling bit, transmit hydraulic power to drill bit, provide filter cake and remove drilling cuttings and maintaining wellbore stability. Various additives with specific properties are added in the mud to help prevent the challenges encountered during drilling process. The work studies the effect of pH and salt on the rheological properties of drilling mud formulation from two natural polymers (Terminaliamantaly(TM) exudate and Guar gum) with the use of Model 35 viscometer. Drilling mud formulation with these polymers was investigated at pH of (7.05, 8.15, 10.07, and 11.13) and salt concentrations of (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10g/ml). Results obtained from drilling mud with TM exudate were compared with drilling mud with guar gum. It was found thatthe rheological properties of drilling mud with Terminaliamantaly exudates increased for higher pH as compared to drilling mud with Guar gum. The increase in salinity reduced the effectiveness of the rheological properties of the mud such that as the salinity in drilling mud increased, the rheological properties of drilling mud with Terminaliamantaly and Guar gum decreased. The performance is attributed to flocculation, dispersion and hydration behavior of particles in the mud

The effect of natural antioxidants (from groundnut shell extracts) on the oxidation stability of lubricating oil

The effect of Catechin-containing natural antioxidants, on the stability of lubricating oil has been assessed and evaluated. The base and the formulated oils samples were both subjected to the same reaction conditions designed to simulate a working crankcase engine environment. The kinematic viscosity, pH and the total acid number (TAN) were determined to assess the effectiveness of catechins (from groundnutshell extract) as an oil additive. The values of the kinematic viscosity for the formulated oil were much higher than the base oil, while the total acid number content for the base oil was found to be higher. Both the base oil and the formulated oil, showed similar pattern of deterioration as temperature of the reaction increased. However, the formulated oil proved to be more stable than the base oil due to the presence of the antioxidant

Equilibrium and kinetics studies of metal ion adsorption on dyed coconut pollens

Batch equilibration studies were conducted to determine the nature of adsorption of Zn (II) and Cu (II) onto dyed coconut pollens. The nature of adsorption of metal ions was explained using the Langmuirequation. The calculated values of equilibrium parameter indicated favourable adsorption by the adsorbents. Also the calculated values of fractional attainment of equilibrium , the intraparticle diffusion rate constant, Ka show that adsorption of metal ions is particle diffusion controlled. The adsorbent produced from coconut fibre can be used to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution with high efficiency

Removal of some metal ions from aqueous solution using orange mesocarp

In this study, the use of orange mesocarp residue biomass (modified and unmodified) as a costeffective and environmentally safe technique to remove Mg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+ from aqueous solution was investigated. The results showed that unmodified orange mesocarp residue bound 56% of Mg2+, 81% of Zn2+, 71% of Cu2+, 73% of Pb2+, and 85.05% of Cd2+. In the case of modified orange mesocarp residue, it was able to bind the following amount of metal ions: 63.05% of Mg2+, 37.0% of Zn2+, 43.25% of Cu2+, 33.05% of Pb2+ and 86.45% of Cd2+. These results show that orange mesocarp residue biomass can be effectively used to adsorb heavy metals from aqueous solution

Studies on dyed coconut (Cocos nucifera) pollens for removal of Cu (II) and Zn (II) from aqeoues solution

The ability of undyed and dyed coconut pollens to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) from single ion solutions was been studied. The experiments were carried out using coconut pollens (1.0 g) undyed coconut pollens, UDCP, and dyed coconut pollens, DCPI, DCPII and DCPIII of different particle sizes: 0.40, 0.63 and 0.80 mm, respectively. The amount of Cu(II) adsorbed on UDCP, DCPI, DCPII and DCPIII were 69.20, 97.90, 94.70 and 93.10%, respectively, while that of zinc adsorbed on these adsorbents were 87.15,98.30, 92.55 and 90.05%, respectively. These results show that dyed coconut pollens is effective in removing Cu(II) and Zn(II) from aqueous solutions

Carboxymethylation of Icacina trichantha Oliv.Tuber Starch and Its Use as a Viscosifier and Fluid Loss Control Agent in Water Based Mud

Starch from a non-food wild plant- Icacina trichantha oliv.tuber was extracted, characterized and chemically modified by carboxymethylation to produce two new derivatives of two different degrees of substitution. The derivatives were used in the preparation of water based muds. The rheological and filtration properties of these new muds were compared to those of muds prepared with the underivatized native starch and a commercial drilling starch using viscometric and fluid loss methods. Experimental results showed that the new muds have better filtration control behavior and viscosity than those of the native and commercial drilling starches. The values of flow index of the new muds were found to be less than 1.0, showing non-Newtonian and Pseudoplastic flow behavior of drilling muds. Yield stress of the muds increased with the modification. Viscosity decreased with increasing shear rate, showing shear thinning behavior of drilling muds. The new muds were found to obey the API models for static filtration as well as Power law and Herschel–Bulkley models for fluid rheology. Keywords: Icacina trichantha oliv.;Carboxymethyl starch; drilling mud; filtration; rheology

Synergic Effect of Citric Acid and Peanut Skin Extract on the Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oil

The antioxidant potentials of citric acid and peanut skin extract on the oxidative stability of vegetable oil were examined. The antioxidant potential of citric acid/peanut skin extract mixture on the oxidative stability of vegetable oils was also examined. Results showed that the citric acid had the best antioxidant potential at 0.2g/100g of vegetable oil. This was followed closely by citric acid/peanut skin extract mixture at a concentration of 0.1g citric acid and 0.1g peanut skin extract in 100g of vegetable oil. The least antioxidant potential was showed by peanut skin extract at a concentration of 0.2g/100g of vegetable oil. Results from the blend between citric acid and peanut skin extract showed there was some synergistic effect of citric acid of the peanut skin extract. Thus such a blend could be used in place of citric acid in the production process to cut down cost of production

Synergic effect of Citric Acid and Red Onion skin extract on the Oxidative stability of Vegetable Oil

The antioxidant potentials of citric acid and onion skin extract on the oxidative stability of vegetable oil were examined. Results from the peroxide values showed that citric acid had the best antioxidative potentials at a concentration of 0.2g/100g of vegetable oil. This was followed by the antioxidative potentials of a mixture 0.1g of citric acid and 0.1g onion skin extract in 100g of vegetable oil. 0.2g of onion skin extract in 100g of vegetable oil gave the least antioxidative potential. Using a blend of onion skin extract and citric acid gave a better antioxidative potential than using onion skin extract alone. This suggests that there has been some synergistic effect of citric acid on the onion skin extract. Such a blend could be used in place of citric acid to cut down production cost