Shifting Economic Power In World Oil Markets

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) has encountered rough times before, but never has its power over the world oil market been in question as it is today.  Along with the global recession, and following the tragedy of September 11th, there has been a noticeable shift in the priorities and objectives of both OPEC and non-OPEC members.  As a result, OPEC’s once dominant position in world oil markets appears to be weakening

Crisis versus Crisis Management: How This Transition Is Beneficial to Live With the Crisis?

This paper tries to shed light on the concept of the crisis and the crisis management. This interest comes from the importance of the crisis management discipline as a way to reduce the negative spillovers of the crisis and an art to create a permanent custom to live with crisis. In this context, the concept of the crisis will change from a pejorative concept inspiring damage and destruction to an economic and managerial one. The latter allows us to treat it as a business phenomenon and then the economic laws are applied to find out the resolution and take advantage from it. Keywords: Crisis – Crisis Management – Spillover - Metho

The Importance of Logistics System in Determining Costs – A ‎Field Study of a Group of Textile Companies in Tlemcen, Algeria ‎

يعتمد  نظام الامداد الشامل على مجموعة من القرارات والتي تحدد قنوات المنتجات والعملاء والتسويق المستخدمة من قبل المنظمة، حيث أن إنشاء نظام لوجيستي ملائم في أي منظمة يستوجب ضرورة القيام بدراسة جادة وذات طبيعة وصفية وكمية للأهداف و الغايات الاستراتيجية المرغوب تحقيقها من خلال هذا النظام، وكذلك العوامل المختلفة التي يحتمل أن تؤثر على أدائه، في هذه الورقة سيتم التطرق إلى أهمية محددات قرارات الإمداد في تحديد تكاليف نظام الإمداد الشامل.The logistics system depends on a series of decisions which determine the products, costumers and marketing channels selected by the company. Establishing a suitable logistics system is an important issue in every company, whereby it requests a reliable study of a descriptive and quantitative nature to achieve strategic objectives through this system, taking in consideration other factors that may affect its performance. This paper attempts to address the importance of the factors of logistics system decision-making in determining the entire logistics system cost

The influence of emotion on remembering and forgetting

How emotion influences the ability to control what we remember and forget remains unclear. The objective for the work described in this thesis was to develop a better understanding of the links between emotion, memory and memory control. This was achieved by acquiring behavioral and ERP data in a series of directed forgetting (DF) experiments. The DF item-method was used throughout, with different retrieval task requirements. These different retrieval requirements permitted an analysis of how emotion links to memorability, to directed forgetting, and to two different retrieval processes – recollection and familiarity. A key goal in this work was to exert tight control over stimulus parameters and maintain that control consistently over studies. The intention was to permit contrasts between outcomes across the set of experiments with fewer degrees of freedom than is the case when comparing outcomes among published experiments from different researchers. This is an important consideration because the relevant literature contains many contradictory findings for which there are several competing explanations. Alongside several parameters over which control is commonly deployed, in the experiments described here semantic relatedness was also controlled for. This has not been done consistently in studies of the links between emotion and memory, and the outcomes here and elsewhere suggest that controlling for this factor, which likely co-varies with emotion, is important. Key behavioral findings in these experiments were: mixed evidence for superior memory for emotional materials (with this term being used here to refer to positive and negative valence words); no evidence that DF varies according to valence, a consistent liberal response criterion for emotional materials, with the exception of Experiment 1 and when valence is manipulated at study only (Experiment 5); and mixed findings for the influence of emotion on recollection and familiarity. In addition, and for the first time, the data in the final experiment suggest that the liberal response criterion associated with emotional materials can be attributed to processes that occur at the time of retrieval rather than at the time of encoding. In three event-related potential (ERP) experiments the test phase data provided no new insights over and above what can be inferred from the behavioral data described above. There were, however, informative outcomes from study phase data where ERPs were acquired timelocked to the cues to remember/forget that followed the critical items. Neural activity elicited by remember and forget cues varied according to emotion, implicating valence in the strategies people use to remember and forget material. In summary, across a series of experiments there was no behavioral evidence that memory control (operationalized as control over remembering and forgetting) varied with valence, but the ERP data indicate that remembering and forgetting does vary with emotion. Moreover, in what is perhaps the other substantive new insight in this thesis, the data in the final experiment suggest that the liberal response criterion associated with emotional materials can be attributed to processes that occur at the time of retrieval rather than at the time of encoding

L’Intégration Economique Maghrébine

الهدف من هذه الورقة هو تقديم عدد من الأفكار والتوصيات حول كيفية استئناف وتسريع اندماج البلدان المغاربية ، لا سيما من خلال إشراك المجتمع المدني في البلدان المعنية. سنفعل ذلك من خلال طريقة براغماتية تتجاهل النهج النظرية مثل ، على سبيل المثال ، النهج الكلاسيكي الجديد من قبل السوق.The objective of this paper is to present a number of ideas and recommendations on how to restart and speed up the integration of the Maghreb countries, especially by the involvement of civil society of the countries concerned. We will do this through a pragmatic method that ignores the theoretical approaches such as, for example, the neoclassical approach by the market.L’objectif de notre papier est de présenter un certain nombre d’idées et de recommandations sur la façon de redémarrer et d’accélérer l’intégration des pays du Maghreb, notamment par l’implication des sociétés civiles des pays concernés. Nous ferons cela à travers une démarche pragmatique qui ignore les approches théoriques telle que, par exemple, l’approche néoclassique par le marché pur et dur

The influence of emotion on remembering and forgetting

How emotion influences the ability to control what we remember and forget remains unclear. The objective for the work described in this thesis was to develop a better understanding of the links between emotion, memory and memory control. This was achieved by acquiring behavioral and ERP data in a series of directed forgetting (DF) experiments. The DF item-method was used throughout, with different retrieval task requirements. These different retrieval requirements permitted an analysis of how emotion links to memorability, to directed forgetting, and to two different retrieval processes – recollection and familiarity. A key goal in this work was to exert tight control over stimulus parameters and maintain that control consistently over studies. The intention was to permit contrasts between outcomes across the set of experiments with fewer degrees of freedom than is the case when comparing outcomes among published experiments from different researchers. This is an important consideration because the relevant literature contains many contradictory findings for which there are several competing explanations. Alongside several parameters over which control is commonly deployed, in the experiments described here semantic relatedness was also controlled for. This has not been done consistently in studies of the links between emotion and memory, and the outcomes here and elsewhere suggest that controlling for this factor, which likely co-varies with emotion, is important. Key behavioral findings in these experiments were: mixed evidence for superior memory for emotional materials (with this term being used here to refer to positive and negative valence words); no evidence that DF varies according to valence, a consistent liberal response criterion for emotional materials, with the exception of Experiment 1 and when valence is manipulated at study only (Experiment 5); and mixed findings for the influence of emotion on recollection and familiarity. In addition, and for the first time, the data in the final experiment suggest that the liberal response criterion associated with emotional materials can be attributed to processes that occur at the time of retrieval rather than at the time of encoding. In three event-related potential (ERP) experiments the test phase data provided no new insights over and above what can be inferred from the behavioral data described above. There were, however, informative outcomes from study phase data where ERPs were acquired timelocked to the cues to remember/forget that followed the critical items. Neural activity elicited by remember and forget cues varied according to emotion, implicating valence in the strategies people use to remember and forget material. In summary, across a series of experiments there was no behavioral evidence that memory control (operationalized as control over remembering and forgetting) varied with valence, but the ERP data indicate that remembering and forgetting does vary with emotion. Moreover, in what is perhaps the other substantive new insight in this thesis, the data in the final experiment suggest that the liberal response criterion associated with emotional materials can be attributed to processes that occur at the time of retrieval rather than at the time of encoding

Les ‘Choix’ de Système Économique en Algérie Depuis ‎L’Indépendance ‎

This paper aims to return to nature, the reasons for the unwise choices of economic systems to adopt since independence. The essential characteristic of these choices is the glaring absence, at each stage, of national debate in the broadest sense: universities, unions, political parties.Ce papier se veut un retour sur la nature, les raisons des choix non judicieux des systèmes économiques à adopter depuis l’indépendance. La caractéristique essentielle de ces choix est l’absence criarde, à chaque étape, de débat national au sens le plus large: universités, syndicats, partis politiques

Les Politiques Monétaires Dans Le Monde Avant Et Apres La Crise Financiere Et Economique Mondiale De 2008.

Le but de cet article est de montrer, comment la politique monétaire (et ses instruments) a évolué, après la crise économique et financière de 2008: l‟échec répété de la politique monétaire traditionnelle (conventionnelle) à relancer l‟activité économique depuis la crise, a poussé les banques centrales, notamment des pays développés, à adopter des politiques monétaires non conventionnelles.Mots clés: politique monétaire non conventionnelle, assouplissement monétaire, quantitative easing, crédit easing, forward guidance, taux d‟intérêt à long terme, canal non conventionnelle de transmission monétaire

Screening heteroatom distributions in zeotype materials using an effective Hamiltonian approach: the case of aluminogermanate PKU-9

We introduce a method to allow the screening of large configurational spaces of heteroatom distributions in zeotype materials. Based on interatomic potential calculations of configurations containing up to three heteroatoms, we parameterize an atomistic effective Hamiltonian to describe the energy of multiple substitutions, with consideration of both short- and long-range interactions. Then, the effective Hamiltonian is used to explore the full configurational space at other compositions, allowing the identification of the most stable structures for further analysis. We illustrate our approach with the aluminogermanate PKU-9, where we show that increasing the aluminium concentration changes the likely siting of Al, in agreement with experiment