Evaluation of Unidentified Signatures According to Sending Location and Document Type

Amaç İmza, Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK) Sözlüğünde “Bir kimsenin herhangi bir belgeyi yazdığını veya onayladığını belirtmek için her zaman aynı biçimde kullandığı işaret” olarak karşılık bulmaktadır. Adli bilimlerde belge incelemelerinde genellikle imza olarak nitelendirilmeyecek, düz bir çizgi ya da gelişi güzel şekiller oluşturularak atılan imzaların kime ait olduğuna yönelik incelemelerde imzanın aidiyeti hususunda rapor düzenleme açısından zorluklarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile Adli Tıp Kurumu Fizik İhtisas Dairesine 2011 yılı içerisinde Mahkemeler ve Cumhuriyet Savcılıkları tarafından inceleme konusu belgelerdeki imza ya da imzaların kime ait olduğu hususuna yönelik verilmiş mütalaalarda, atılan imzanın aidiyeti hususunda görüş bildirilememiş imzaların irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metod Çalışma 2012 yılında, Adli Tıp Kurumu Fizik İhtisas Dairesine 2011 yılı içerisinde Mahkemeler ve Cumhuriyet Savcılıkları tarafından gönderilen (n=11.872) “dosyadaki inceleme konusu belgelerdeki imza ya da imzaların aidiyetinin tespit edilemedi” şeklinde verilmiş raporların (n=889) retrospektif olarak incelenmesi (geldiği bölge, mahkeme türü, belge türü, belgenin niteliği) ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular Belgelerin 867’sinin (%97.5) orijinal asılları, 22 tanesinin fotokopi ve karbon nüshaları üzerinden görüş bildirilmiştir. Belge türü açısından, 352’si (% 39.6) senet, 182’si (%20.5) çek, 170’i (%19.1) belge başlığı altında düzenlenmiş evrak, 98’i (%11.0) sözleşme, 31’i (%3.5) işe giriş-çıkış bildirgeleri, 25’i (%2.8) tutanak şeklinde düzenlenmiş evrak, 13’ ü ibraname, 18’i diğer ( kira kontratı, vekâletname, bordro vs.) belgelerdi. Belgelerin % 7,5’inde aidiyet saptanamamıştır. Sonuç Her türlü incelemeye rağmen aidiyeti hususunda tespit yapılamayan imzaların oluşturduğu hukuki belirsizliklerin çözümüne ve maddi-manevi kayıpların önlenmesine yönelik katkı sağlaması bakımından toplumda, sağlıklı imza atma alışkanlıklarının geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.Aim The meaning of the signature is explained as “The mark which is always used identically by a person to indicate that he/she writes or approves any document” in the official dictionary of the Turkish Language Association (TDK). In forensic science documents investigations, it is met with difficulties in regard to preparing a report related to the investigations about the identification of signatures appended by creating a straight line or irrelevant figures that are not generally described as signature. With this study, it was aimed to scrutinize the signatures for which an opinion was not expressed about the identification of appended signatures in the considerations given by the Courts and Public Prosecution Offices regarding the identification of signature or signatures in the questioned documents in 2011 and sent to Physics Specialization Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine. Materials and Methods The study was performed with retrospective examination of the reports (the region sending the document, type of the court, type of the document, characteristic of the document) (n=889) delivered as the signature or signatures in the questioned documents were unidentified in the files (n=11.872) sent to Physics Specialization Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine by the Courts and Public Prosecution Offices in 2011. Results The opinion was expressed on original copies of 867 documents (97,5%), photocopies and carbon copies of 22 documents. Documents were as followings regarding the type of the document: 352 muniments (39,6%), 182 cheques (20,5%), 170 papers prepared as document title (19,1%), 98 contracts (11,0%), 31 statements of employment and dismissal notices (3,7%), 25 papers prepared as record (2,8%), 13 acquittances, 16 other documents (rental contract, letter of attorney, pay roll etc.). 7.5% of documents was unidentified. Conclusion To contribute to solution of judicial uncertainty created by unidentified signatures despite every type of investigation and to prevention of financial and emotional losses, it is essential to develop habits of appending accurate and reliable signatures

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Burnout among surgeons before and during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: an international survey

Background: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had many significant impacts within the surgical realm, and surgeons have been obligated to reconsider almost every aspect of daily clinical practice. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study reported in compliance with the CHERRIES guidelines and conducted through an online platform from June 14th to July 15th, 2020. The primary outcome was the burden of burnout during the pandemic indicated by the validated Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure. Results: Nine hundred fifty-four surgeons completed the survey. The median length of practice was 10 years; 78.2% included were male with a median age of 37 years old, 39.5% were consultants, 68.9% were general surgeons, and 55.7% were affiliated with an academic institution. Overall, there was a significant increase in the mean burnout score during the pandemic; longer years of practice and older age were significantly associated with less burnout. There were significant reductions in the median number of outpatient visits, operated cases, on-call hours, emergency visits, and research work, so, 48.2% of respondents felt that the training resources were insufficient. The majority (81.3%) of respondents reported that their hospitals were included in the management of COVID-19, 66.5% felt their roles had been minimized; 41% were asked to assist in non-surgical medical practices, and 37.6% of respondents were included in COVID-19 management. Conclusions: There was a significant burnout among trainees. Almost all aspects of clinical and research activities were affected with a significant reduction in the volume of research, outpatient clinic visits, surgical procedures, on-call hours, and emergency cases hindering the training. Trial registration: The study was registered on clicaltrials.gov "NCT04433286" on 16/06/2020

Hibrit Katmanlı İnce Bir Kompozit Plağın Anlık Basınç Yükü Altındaki Dinamik Davranışının Deneysel Ve Sayısal İncelenmesi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2010Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2010Bu çalışmada karbon, aramid ve cam elyaflarını birlikte içeren hibrit katmanlı kompozit bir plağın ideal olmayan anlık basınç yükü altındaki dinamik davranışı deneysel ve sayısal olarak incelenmiştir. Deneysel çalışma kapsamında, epoksi reçine kullanılarak imal edilmiş olan kompozit numunelerin, malzeme özellikleri çekme testleri sonucunda belirlenmiştir. Anlık basınç yükü deneylerini gerçekleştirmek için tasarlanan deney düzeneği tanıtılmıştır. Deneyler sırasında, plak yüzeyinde oluşan yük dağılımı üç adet minyatür basınç duyargasıyla ölçülmüştür. Plak yüzeyindeki oluşan basınç dağılımına, zamana ve konuma bağlı olarak değişen anlık basınç yükü fonksiyonuyla bir yaklaşımda bulunulmuştur. Daha sonra basınç yük fonksiyonu hibrit katmanlı plağın sonlu eleman modeline uygulanarak, plağın zamana bağlı cevabı elde edilmiştir. Plak, ANSYS VI I yazılımın Shell 91 elemanı ile modellenmiş, gerinim (strain) değerlerinin zamanla değişimi sayısal analizler sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Sayısal ve deneysel sonuçlar karşılaştırılmış ve iyi bir uyum yakalanmıştır. Ayrıca, ANSYS analizlerinden elde edilen yer değiştirme sonuçları yeni geliştirilen karışık sonlu elemanlar analizlerinin sonuçlarıyla da karşılaştırılmıştır.İn this study, dynamic response of a hibrit laminated composite plate under non-ideal blast load, which are including carbon, aramid and glass fibers together, are examined by experimentally and numerically. İn the experimental stüdy, material properties of composite samples, which are manufactured with epoxy resin, are obtained as a result of tensile testse The experimental setup designed to perform blast load tests is introduced. During the experiments, pressure distribution over the plate is measured by the three miniature pressure sensors. The pressure distribution on the plate is approximated a blast pressure function which is determine the pressure variation on the time domain and space domain. The pressure function is applied on the finite element model of the laminated hibrid plate and transient response ofthe plate is obtained. The plate is discretized by Shell 91 element of ANSYS VI I software and strain time histories are obtained as a result of numerical analysis. The numerical and experimental results are compared and a good agreement is obtained. Moreover, displacement time history that are obtained from ANSYS are also compared with the result of a new mixed fınite element analysis

Plakların Doğrusal Olmayan Dinamik Davranışının Karışık Se Yöntemi İle Analizi

Konferans Bildirisi -- Teorik ve Uygulamalı Mekanik Türk Milli Komitesi, 2010Conference Paper -- Theoretical and Applied Mechanical Turkish National Committee, 2010Tabakalı kompozit ince plakların doğrusal olmayan dinamik davranışı karışık sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Doğrusal olmayan davranış von Kârmân teorisi kapsamında ele alınmış ve artımsal formülasyon kullanılarak doğrusallaştırılmıştır. Dinamik analizler Newmark yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve iterasyonlarda Newton-Raphson yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Geliştirilen karışık sonlu eleman formülasyonunun doğrulanması için, öncelikle literatürde bulunan statik problemler çözülmüş ve sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Ardından ideal ve ideal olmayan anlık basınç yükleri altında dinamik analizler yapılmış ve sonuçları ANSYS programı sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmıştır.Nonlinear dynamic behavior of laminated composite plates is investigated with mixed fınite element method. Geometric nonlinearity is involved in the sense of von Kârmân plate theory and the functional is linearizied with incremental formulation. Dynamic analyses are done with Newmark method and in the iterations Newton-Raphson method are used. İn order to verify the formulation of the mixed fınite element, static problems from literature are solved and compared. Finaliy dynamic analyses of plates under ideal and non-ideal blast loads are performed and the results are compared with ANSYS

Evaluation of Unidentified Signatures According to Sending Location and Document Type

Aim:The meaning of the signature is explained as “The mark which is always used identically by a person to indicate that he/she writes or approves any document” in the official dictionary of the Turkish Language Association (TDK). In forensic science documents investigations, it is met with difficulties in regard to preparing a report related to the investigations about the identification of signatures appended by creating a straight line or irrelevant figures that are not generally described as signature. With this study, it was aimed to scrutinize the signatures for which an opinion was not expressed about the identification of appended signatures in the considerations given by the Courts and Public Prosecution Offices regarding the identification of signature or signatures in the questioned documents in 2011 and sent to Physics Specialization Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine.Materials and Methods:The study was performed with retrospective examination of the reports (the region sending the document, type of the court, type of the document, characteristic of the document) (n=889) delivered as the signature or signatures in the questioned documents were unidentified in the files (n=11.872) sent to Physics Specialization Department of the Council of Forensic Medicine by the Courts and Public Prosecution Offices in 2011.Results:The opinion was expressed on original copies of 867 documents (97,5%), photocopies and carbon copies of 22 documents. Documents were as followings regarding the type of the document: 352 muniments (39,6%), 182 cheques (20,5%), 170 papers prepared as document title (19,1%), 98 contracts (11,0%), 31 statements of employment and dismissal notices (3,7%), 25 papers prepared as record (2,8%), 13 acquittances, 16 other documents (rental contract, letter of attorney, pay roll etc.). 7.5% of documents was unidentified.Conclusion:To contribute to solution of judicial uncertainty created by unidentified signatures despite every type of investigation and to prevention of financial and emotional losses, it is essential to develop habits of appending accurate and reliable signatures