Histopathology of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and sturgeon (acipenser baerii) exposed to sublethal concentrations of cement

KURTOGLU, ILKER ZEKI/0000-0002-4214-7997WOS: 000384966000026In the present study, histopathologic effects of the cement mixing with water in aquatic environment on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) has been examined. Both of the two fish species were exposed to 125 and 500 mg/l of concentrated cement for 96 hours. LC50 values were calculated 0.44 g/l for trout (O. mykiss) and 0.62 g/l for Siberian sturgeon (A. baerii) at the end of the experiment for 96-hour test period. No mortality was observed in control groups. Multiple deformations became remarkable in the gills of both species. However, some hyperplasia was observed on secondary lamellae of gills of both fish species. Hyperplasia rates were found to be much higher in the sturgeon individuals than the trout individuals. Also, lamellar fusion was another important pathology in the gills of the sturgeon individuals. Few necroses have been encountered on the lamellas of the trout gills. Multiple fat granules were observed in the trout liver tissue, melanomacrophage centers and necrosis on sturgeon liver tissue treated with 500 mg/l cement. As a result, this study expressly shows that both of the two species, Siberian sturgeon and rainbow trout, cannot tolerate cement-sourced contamination.RTEU BAPRecep Tayyip Erdogan University; Fisheries Research & Application Center DirectorateWe offer our gratitude to RTEU BAP Coordinatorship and Fisheries Research & Application Center Directorate, because of study finance and live material supply

Determination of aquaculture performance of siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri)'in Eastern Black Sea region conditions

Çalışmada, Türkiye akuakültürüne adapte edilebilecek Sibirya mersin balığının bazı yetiştiricilik performansları irdelenmiştir. Türkiye?de ticari üretimi olmayan türün döllenmiş yumurtaları yurt dışından satın alınarak çalışma yapılmıştır. Çalışma dört ana başlıkta yürütülmüştür; Yavru bakımında gün ışığının etkisi; larva gelişimi ve deformasyonların tespiti; 0+ yaşlı balıkların kış mevsiminde gelişim performansının tespiti; aynı ortamda bulunan benzer ağırlıkta Sibirya mersin balığı ile gökkuşağı alabalığı türlerinin gelişim performansının karşılaştırılması. Çalışmada, larva yaşama oranı %40, deformasyon oranı %3,14 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 150 lüks ışık şiddeti en iyi büyüme performansını sağlarken gruplar arasında istatistiki farklılık oluşmamıştır. Bölgesel kış mevsimi yavru gelişiminde canlı ağırlığın %20?si yemlemenin %10 ve %5 yemlemeden daha iyi bir gelişim sağlamadığı görülmüştür. Gökkuşağı alabalıklarıyla birlikte aynı havuzda bulundurulmanın Sibirya mersin balığı ve alabalık gelişimine olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Yavru Sibirya mersin balığının yem değerlendirme oranı 1,3-1,4 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmada Bölgede Sibirya mersin balığı yetiştiriciliğinin yapılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Polikültür performansının gökkuşağı alabalığı yetiştiriciliğini olumsuz etkilememesi, Bölge?de küçük ve orta ölçekli alabalık işletmelerine ilave tür olmasının yanında sürdürülebilir kârlılığa da katkı sağlayabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Mersin balığı, Akuakültür, Yetiştiricilik performansı, Anomali, Yaşama oranı, Polikültür. ABSTRACT In this study the performance of aquaculture of Siberian sturgeon which can be adapted to aquaculture of Turkey was investigated. Fertilized eggs of the species which is not been produced commercially were obtained from abroad. The study was conducted within frame of four main topics are following; (i) the effect of light on rearing of juvenile individuals, (ii) determination of larval development and deformations, (iii) determination of development performance of 0+ age individuals during winter time, (iv) comparing of development performance of the same weight Siberian sturgeon with rainbow trout which are placed in the same area. During the study period, larvae of survival rate and deformation rate were determined as 40% and 3,14%, respectively. Optimum growth performance was obtained at 150 lux light intensity with no statistically significant difference among the groups. No statistically difference in juvenile development was observed among the feeding rate (20%, 10% and 5%) during winter season in the area. No negative effect was determined being together on development of Siberian sturgeon and rainbow trout. Juvenile Siberian sturgeon feeding conversion rate was found as 1,3-1,4 . As a result of study, it was determined that sturgeon aquaculture can be done in the region. The absence of the negative impact of polyculture performance of sturgeon on rainbow trout showed that it can be additional species in small- and medium scaled farming on trout in the region and contribution to sustainable profitability. Key words: Sturgeon, Aquaculture, Aquaculture Performance, Anomaly, Survival Rate, Polyculture

Anesthetic efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as hematological, histopathological and echocardiographic on broodstock Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)

Sturgeon broodstock management includes unavoidable handling and surgery procedures such as biopsy, endoscopy, laparotomy, oviduct incision inducing stress response. Clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol (2-PE) are anesthetics commonly used in aquaculture to reduce the stress. The present study aimed to determine the anesthetic efficiency, hematological, histopathological and echocardiographic effects of clove oil and 2-PE in adults Danube sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii). Experimental fish were exposed to anesthetic baths to 20, 40 and 80 mu l/L clove oil and 250, 500 and 750 mu l/L 2-PE concentrations and the induction-recovery timed were recorded. The induction and recovery times in Danube sturgeon were significantly affected by clove oil and 2-PE concentrations. The results showed that 2-PE at 250-500 mu l/L concentration failed to induce anesthesia; however, 750 mu l/L concentrations induced anesthesia within 290 s. The optimum concentrations of clove oil showed in the present work were between 40 and 80 mu l/L concentrations induced anesthesia within 180-120 s. The anesthetized fish showed alteration in hematological and echocardiographic indices was time dependent. RBC, HCT and LYM values in 40 and 80 mu l/L clove oil and 750 mu l/L 2-PE groups were significantly lower than control group in 4th h. The mean heart rates were significantly affected before and after anesthesia treatment at clove oil. Whereas, no significant changes were observed in mean heart rates for 2-PE. Fish anaesthetized with clove oil or 2-PE exhibited histopathological deformity symptoms in the gill compared to control groups. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that minimum effective concentration of clove oil was 40 mu l/L for short-term anesthesia, but 80 mu l/L concentration is suitable for deep anesthesia. 2-PE may not be suitable for adult Danube sturgeon due to long induction time and high concentration. It is also concluded that higher anesthetic concentrations may have detrimental effects on the fish gill tissue.Recep Tayyip Erdogan University FBA-2020-119

Determination of gamete development of Siberian (A. baerii) and diamond (A. gueldenstaedtii) sturgeon in Eastern Black Sea conditions

Bu çalışmada, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde, kültür şartlarında Sibirya (Acipenser baerii) ve karaca (A. gueldenstaedtii) mersin balıkları damızlık adaylarının gamet gelişimi ve cinsiyetlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma Ekim 2015-Haziran 2016 döneminde yürütülmüştür. Damızlık adayı 4+ yaşındaki balıklardan vücut formu düzgün ve sağlıklı bireylerden 15 adet Sibirya ve 15 adet karaca mersin balığı seçilmiş ve markalanmıştır. Ortalama balık ağırlığı ve kondisyon faktörleri sırasıyla Sibirya mersin balığı grubunda 4,2±1,2 kg ve 0,68, karaca mersin balığı grubunda 4,8±1,1 kg ve 0,71'dir. Gonadlarda ultrason görüntüleme, kanda hematokrit, eritrosit, lökosit, hemoglobin değerlerinin takibi ve kan plazmasında kalsiyum, sodyum iyonları ve streoid hormonlarının (östradiol, testosteron ve progesteron) takibi aylık olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, Sibirya mersin balığı grubunda 7 adet dişi ve 8 adet erkek birey, karaca mersin balığı grubunda 7 adet dişi, 7 adet erkek ve 1 adet henüz erişkin olmayan birey tespit edilmiştir. Hemogram (hematokrit, eritrosit, lökosit, hemoglobin) ve cinsiyet hormonları değerlerinde tespit edilen pik değerlerine göre; Sibirya mersin balığı bireylerinde şubat-mart periyodu, karaca mersin balığı bireylerinde nisan-mayıs periyodu gamet üretim dönemi olarak belirlenmiştir. 3. olgunluk evresinde olduğu tespit edilen Sibirya mersin balığı grubunda 1 erkek bireyden, karaca mersin balığı grubunda ise 3 erkek bireyden gamet alımı başarılı bir şekilde gerçekleşmiştir. In this study, the purpose was to determine the gonadal development and gender of the Siberian (Acipenser baerii) and diamond sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedtii) species by using ultrasonography and blood parameters in the Eastern Black sea under culture conditions. The study was conducted in the period of October 2015- June 2016. A total of 15 Siberian sturgeons and 15 diamond sturgeons from brood stock candidates that are healthy at the age of 4 and onwards were selected and tagged. Mean fish weight and condition factor was 4.2±1.2 kg and 0.68 for the Siberian sturgeon group; 4.8±1.1 kg and 0.71 for the diamond sturgeon group, respectively. The ultrasound imaging, hemogram studies (hematocrit, erythrocyte, leukocyte, hemoglobin values) and blood plasma analysis (calcium and sodium ions, steroids as estradiol, testosterone and progesterone) were carried out monthly. According to ultrasound imaging results, 7 female and 8 male individuals in the Siberian sturgeon group and 7 female, 7 male and one immature individuals in diamond sturgeon were identified in study groups. Successful gender detection was performed using ultrasound imaging. According to the peak values determined in hemogram and in steroids values, gamete production period was determined to be between February-March for Siberian sturgeons and April-May for diamond sturgeons. Gamete collection was achieved successfully from 1 male in the Siberian sturgeon group and 3 males in the diamond sturgeon group, determined to be in the third maturity stage

Effects of stocking density during live transportation on haematological parameters of Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii, Brandt, 1869)

In this study, we investigated the effects of different stocking densities water quality and blood parameters during the transportation of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Experiments were carried out in high-density polyethylene tank with three different stocking densities (50, 100 and 150 kg/m(3)) for 20 h. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) were measured in the water samples. The erythrocyte, leucocyte, haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (Hb), cortisol, and sodium ion (Na+) were measured in blood samples. Ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentrations in the water have increased in parallel with the stocking density depending on the time. In the highest stocking density, the maximum levels of NH4-N and NO2-N at the 16(th) h reached 2.64 mg/L and 4.74 mg/L, respectively. Erythrocyte, leucocyte, HCT, and Hb values did not differ significantly between the experimental groups (p > .05). The results showed that fish could be transported safely for 20 h in 15celcius water temperature at 50 kg/m(3) stocking density; however, stocking density of 100 kg/m(3) and over could threaten fish welfare and health as from 16(th) h.Fisheries Research and Application Centre Directorate Recep Tayyip Erdogan University 2015.53001.103.02.0

The using potential of a new natural anesthetic agent on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Chamomile oil (Matricaria chamomilla)

One of the management problems in aquaculture is the negative impact of operational factors on fish health and welfare. In order not to adversely affect fish welfare, various anesthetic agents are applied in routine aquaculture operations. Alternative extracts are used as anesthetic agents in addition to traditional agents, which will minimally affect fish health. In this study, the hematological, biochemical, oxidative and histopathological ef-fects of chamomile oil on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were evaluated as an herbal anesthetic. The focus is on the anesthetic effect of chamomile oil at concentrations of 100 mu L/L, 150 mu L/L and 200 mu L/L and its physiological findings on fish after anesthesia. Recovery time was significantly longer for 200 mu L/L, while in-duction time was longer for 100 mu L/L. Hematological parameters generally showed an increasing trend until the eighth hour and decreased to normal levels again at the sixteenth hour. The gill histology of the fish treated with 100 mu L/L chamomile oil contains low degradation similar to the control group. However, hyperplasia and epithelial lifting were observed especially in the 150 mu L/L group, and additional hypertrophy and necrosis symptoms were observed in the 200 mu L/L group. As antioxidant activity, catalase and glutathione peroxidase showed higher results in the 100 mu L/L group compared to the other groups and similar to the control. Although cortisol decreased for all groups at the first moment after anesthesia, it increased to normal levels in the 150 and 200 mu L/L groups at the fourth hour. In the 100 mu L/L group, the cortisol level could not reach the control level even at the eighth hour. As a result, even though chamomile oil at a concentration of 100 mu L/L causes a relatively high induction time, it has a lower adverse effect on fish health than other groups.Recep Tayyip Erdogan University FBA-2020-119

Türkiye'de Eğitim, İstihdam ve Yetiştirmede Olmayan Gençler

NEİY statüsü, istihdamda, eğitimde ya da yetiştirmede bulunmayan gençleri ifade etmektedir. NEİY olgusunun yaygınlaşması ve NEİY statüsünün bireye, topluma ve ülke ekonomisine yönelik çeşitli olumsuz sonuçlar doğurması bu olguya yönelik ilgiyi arttırmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışmada NEİY olgusunun nedenlerini, etkilerini ve mücadele politikalarını incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu faktörlerin tespiti için literatür taraması yoluyla NEİY gençlere yönelik yapılan araştırmalar sınıflandırılmış ve incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda NEİY olgusunun heterojen bir yapıya sahip olduğu ve NEİY tanımlarının, nedenlerinin, etkilerinin ve mücadele yöntemlerinin pek çok faktöre bağlı olarak geliştiği ve birbirinden farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir. Tüm bu farklılıklar göz önünde bulundurularak yapılan sınıflandırmada, NEİY olma nedenlerinin bireysel özelliklerden, aileden, çevreden ve emek piyasasından kaynaklı olduğu görülürken; NEİY olmanın birey, aile, çevre, politik yaklaşım ve emek piyasasıüzerinde etkileri olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda geniş çaplı olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle NEİY olgusuyla mücadelenin oldukça önemli olduğu, buna karşın doğrudan NEİY gençlere yönelik programların sayısının kısıtlı olduğu görülmüştür. Her ne kadar gençlere yönelik politikalar NEİY gençleri de kapsıyor olsa da bu gençler özelinde politikalar geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulduğu sonucuna varılmıştır

Alginate/Chitosan NaaAlginate/Chitosan NanopArticles for Adsorption and Controlled Release of Pemetrexed nopArticles for Adsorption and Controlled Release of Pemetrexed

Pemetrexed (PEM) is used for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. However, PEM has disadvantages like fast elimination, low bioavailability, poor tumor cell selectivity, and penetration. Thus, there is a need for using pemetrexed delivery system to increase the anticancer effect of drug in lung cancer cells and to minimize its side effects. The purpose of this study is development of alginate/chitosan nanopArticles (ACNP) that have biodegradable and non-toxic structure for effective delivery of PEM for lung cancer therapy. In the present study, ACNP were prepared using the ionic gelation method, and pemetrexed was loaded via the adsorption method. Drug adsorption efficiency was calculated to be 57.80% and characterization studies were performed. In vitro drug release tests were carried out at pH levels of 5.5 and 7.4 with pemetrexed-loaded alginate/chitosan nanopArticles (PACNP) and free pemetrexed, and both the results were subsequently compared. Up to 11% release yield was observed at pH 5.5, and the yield reached up to 7% in pH 7.4 in the 25 hours. This nanopArticle system could be investigated in vitro and in vivo in further studies for controlled release of pemetrexed

T6CONF: Digital Twin Networking Framework for IPv6-Enabled Net-Zero Smart Cities

An efficient serving of predictive management and what-if-analysis of smart cities is the only way to achieve a net-zero waste target. With the aid of the enhanced learning capabilities of digital twin, net-zero aims of smart cities can be obtained with highly accurate results in the prediction of waste-to-energy and candidate truck paths. However, there is no unified communication model yet for a digital twin to maintain complete data and control flow in a fully synchronized way. Without having a clear communication model for the digital twin, the interaction between the physical and digital replica cannot be sustained. To handle this, we propose a digital twin networking framework called T6CONF, based on an IPv6 infrastructure, to solve the end-to-end two-way communication and synchronization problem of the resource-constrained Internet of Things networks. Besides, T6CONF serves two specific net-zero waste services, waste-to-energy and planned-truck-routing prediction services, for the net-zero goal. We evaluate the proposed digital twin communication model with changing fidelity levels over the twinning rate and round-trip time. Additionally, we prove that the proposed T6CONF model increases the accuracy of service layer operations