Stellar Populations and Surface Brightness Fluctuations: New Observations and Models

We examine the use of surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) for both stellar population and distance studies. New V-band SBF data are reported for five Fornax cluster galaxies and combined with literature data to define a new V-band SBF distance indicator. We use new stellar population models, based on the latest Padua isochrones transformed empirically to the observational plane, to predict SBF magnitudes and integrated colours for a wide range of population ages and metallicities. We examine the sensitivity of the predictions to changes in the isochrones, transformations, and IMF. The new models reproduce the SBF data for globular clusters fairly well, especially if higher metallicity globulars are younger. The models also give a good match to the "fluctuation colors" of elliptical galaxies. In order to obtain theoretical calibrations of the SBF distance indicators, we combine our single-burst models into composite population models. These models reproduce the observed behavior of the SBF magnitudes as a function of stellar population parameters, including the steep colour dependence found for HST/WFPC2 F814W SBF data. Because the theoretical SBF calibrations are fairly sensitive to uncertain details of stellar evolution, the empirical calibrations are more secure. However, the sensitivity of SBF to these finer details potentially makes it a powerful constraint for stellar evolution and population synthesis. [abbridged]Comment: 24 pages with 17 embedded figures. MNRAS, in pres

Islamic Law on Trading Using Virtual Reality-Based Metaverse

Islam has given limitations in all human activities in the Qur'an. Islam regulates correct trade procedures such as the fulfillment of legal trade conditions, which include sellers, buyers, goods and agreements. The development of information technology provides major changes to the types and procedures of trade, such as through electronic media (online), or known as the metaverse. Trading in metaverse makes use of a post-reality universe, a continuous and systematic multi-user environment combining physical reality with digital virtuality. Trading in the metaverse requires a medium of interaction between sellers and buyers, one of which is Virtual Reality (VR). Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology allowing users to interact with a computer-simulated environment in the form of an artificial environment or an imaginative environment. In addition to using media for interaction, trading in the metaverse also requires a special currency which can be in the form of crypto coins such as Exie Infinity (AXS), Decentraland (MANA), Sumnium Space (CUBE) obtained from the exchange of real rupiah money into electronic money in the form of crypto coin

A First Comparison of the SBF Survey Distances with the Galaxy Density Field: Implications for H_0 and Omega

We compare the peculiar velocities measured in the SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances with the predictions from the density fields of the IRAS 1.2 Jy flux-limited redshift survey and the Optical Redshift Survey (ORS) to derive simultaneous constraints on the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the density parameter $\beta = \Omega^{0.6}/b$, where $b$ is the linear bias. We find $\beta_I=0.42^{+0.10}_{-0.06}$ and $\beta_O=0.26\pm0.08$ for the IRAS and ORS comparisons, respectively, and $H_0=74\pm4$ \kmsMpc (with an additional 9% uncertainty due to the Cepheids themselves). The match between predicted and observed peculiar velocities is good for these values of $H_0$ and $\beta$, and although there is covariance between the two parameters, our results clearly point toward low-density cosmologies. Thus, the unresolved discrepancy between the ``velocity-velocity'' and ``density-density'' measurements of $\beta$ continues.Comment: 4 pages with 3 embedded ps figures; uses emulateapj.sty (included). Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI KOPI ARABIKA (Coffea arabica) YANG TUMBUH DI DAERAH GAYO DENGAN METODE DPPH

Buah kopi termasuk buah  musiman yang hanya muncul pada bulan bulan tertentu. Di daerah Gayo kopi merupakan minuman yang hampir setiap hari di konsumsi. Kopi diduga mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan sehingga mampu merendam aktivitas radikal bebas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini melakukan skrining fitokimia dan   mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol biji kopi arabika dengan metoda 2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Ekstrak biji kopi arabika di buat dengan cara perkolasi dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol dan ekstrak yang diperoleh di pekatkan menggunakan rotary evaporator, selanjutnya ekstrak etanol di uji kekuatan aktifitas antioksidannya dengan menggunakan metoda 2,2-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) pada panjang gelombang maksimum 516 nm, sebagai  kontrol positif digunakan vitamin C. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji kopi arabika mengandung golongan senyawa tanin, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, dan steroid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan  ekstrak etanol biji kopi arabika termasuk kategori sangat kuat dengan IC50 12,427 ppm dan vitamin C dengan IC50 0,273 ppm. Kata kunci : Skrining Fitokimia, Antioksidan, Ekstrak Biji Kopi Arabika, DPPH

Reconciliation of the Surface Brightness Fluctuations and Type Ia Supernovae Distance Scales

We present Hubble Space Telescope measurements of surface brightness fluctuations (SBF) distances to early-type galaxies that have hosted Type Ia supernovae (SNIa). The agreement in the relative SBF and SNIa multicolor light curve shape and delta-m_15 distances is excellent. There is no systematic scale error with distance, and previous work has shown that SBF and SNIa give consistent ties to the Hubble flow. However, we confirm a systematic offset of about 0.25 mag in the distance zero points of the two methods, and we trace this offset to their respective Cepheid calibrations. SBF has in the past been calibrated with Cepheid distances from the H_0 Key Project team, while SNIa have been calibrated with Cepheid distances from the team composed of Sandage, Saha, and collaborators. When the two methods are calibrated in a consistent way, their distances are in superb agreement. Until the conflict over the ``long'' and ``short'' extragalactic Cepheid distances among many galaxies is resolved, we cannot definitively constrain the Hubble constant to better than about 10%, even leaving aside the additional uncertainty in the distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud, common to both Cepheid scales. However, recent theoretical SBF predictions from stellar population models favor the Key Project Cepheid scale, while the theoretical SNIa calibration lies between the long and short scales. In addition, while the current SBF distance to M31/M32 is in good agreement with the RR Lyrae and red giant branch distances, calibrating SBF with the longer Cepheid scale would introduce a 0.3 mag offset with respect to the RR Lyrae scale.Comment: 13 pages, 3 PostScript figures, LaTeX with AASTeX 5.02 and natbib.sty v7.0 (included). Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

PERAN KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT PADA PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILIHAN WALIKOTA DAN WAKIL WALIKOTA MATARAM 2020/2021

Masalah pokok dalam penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui menurunya tingkat partisipasi pada pemilihan walikota dan wakil walikota mataram. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis peran (KPU) kota mataram dalam meningkatkan, partisipasi masyarakat pada penyelenggaraan pemilihan walikota dan wakil walikota mataram. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif yakni untuk memberikan gambaran secara rinci mengenai suatu masalah, gejala yang diteliti. Dalam penelitian ini adalah Ketua Umum (KPU) kota mataram. Devisi Sosialisasi Pendidikan Pemilih, Masyarakat dan SDM, Devisi Perencanaan Data dan Informasi, tokoh masyarakat, dan pemuda sumber data yang diperoleh adalah sumber data primer dan data skunder tehnik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa partisipasi pada pemilihan walikota dan wakil walikota mataram pada tahun. 2020 mengalami peningkatan hal ini dapat dilihat dari jumlah angka partisipasi, mencapai 67,3% jika dibanding tahun 2015 mengalami penurunan hingga mencapai 57,34% ini mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat kesadaran politik masyarakat kota mataram dalam menberikan hak pilihnya pada pemilu tahun lalu mengalami peningkatan

ANALISIS PENERAPAN SIX SIGMA DAN KAIZEN UNTUK PERBAIKAN KUALITAS DI PT. Q

Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya tingkat kecacatan yang fluktuatif dalam produk jam tangan perusahaan Q. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat kerusakan jam tangan serta mengetahui usulan perbaikan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kualitas pada jam tangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode six sigma yang kemudian dilakukan analisis penyebab kecacatan produk dengan diagram pareto dan diagram fishbone serta membuat usulan perbaikan secara berkesinambungan dengan menggunakan metode five M checklist dan five step plan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui kecacatan produk dalam 13 bulan adalah sebanyak 660 produk jam tangan. Penyebab kecacatan yang sering terjadi disebabkan karena rantai, bodi dan bahan baku. Nilai DPMO sebesar 25.604 yang artinya dari setiap proses produk kemungkinan terjadi kerusakan 25.604 dari satu juta kesempatan. Dan dengan nilai sigma sebesar 3.44 belum mencapai level 6 sigma.---- The background of this research is the existence of fluctuating flaccion level in product of watch company Q. The purpose of this research is to know the level of damage of watch and to know the correct repair proposal to improve the quality of watch. This research is a descriptive analysis using six sigma method which then analyzed the cause of product defect with pareto diagram and fishbone diagram and made suggestion of continuous improvement using five M checklist and five step plan. Based on the results of the study known disability products in 13 months is as much as 660 products watches. Common causes of disability are caused by chains, bodies and raw materials. The DPMO value is 25,604 which means that from every product process it is possible 25,604 damage from one million chance. And with a sigma value of 3.44 has not reached the level of 6 sigma

The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. II. Local and Large-Scale Flows

We present analysis of local large scale flows using the Surface Brightness Fluctuation (SBF) Survey for the distances to 300 early-type galaxies. Our models of the distribution function of mean velocity and velocity dispersion at each point in space include a uniform thermal velocity dispersion and spherical attractors whose position, amplitude, and radial shape are free to vary. Our fitting procedure performs a maximum likelihood fit of the model to the observations. We obtain a Hubble constant of Ho = 77 +/- 4 +/- 7 km/s/Mpc, but a uniform Hubble flow is not acceptable fit to the data. Inclusion of two attractors, one of whose fit location coincides with the Virgo cluster and the other whose fit location is slightly beyond the Centaurus clusters nearly explain the peculiar velocities, but the quality of the fit can be further improved by the addition of a quadrupole correction to the Hubble flow. Although the dipole and quadrupole may be genuine manifestations of more distant density fluctuations, we find evidence that they are more likely due to non-spherical attractors. We find no evidence for bulk flows which include our entire survey volume (R < 3000 km/s); our volume is at rest with respect to the CMB. The fits to the attractors both have isothermal radial profiles (v ~ 1/r) over a range of overdensity between about 10 and 1, but fall off more steeply at larger radius. The best fit value for the small scale, cosmic thermal velocity is 180 +/- 14 km/s.Comment: 37 pages, AASTeX Latex, including 30 Postscript figures, submitted to Astrophysical Journal, July 2, 199