Study of serum magnesium levels in pre-diabetics and its correlation to body mass index

Background: Diabetes is a growing public health burden across the world, particularly in the developing countries. Homeostasis of the trace elements such as magnesium has been found to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic complications. Studies had found out an association between serum magnesium and incident diabetes; where diabetes may induce urinary magnesium loss. But in pre-diabetes, serum glucose levels are below the threshold for urinary magnesium wasting and hence unlikely to influence serum magnesium levels. This study was done to assess their serum magnesium levels and find its correlation.Methods: This cross sectional study was done among 120 pre-diabetic subjects. Pre-diabetes was diagnosed as per ADA guidelines and body mass index was calculated according to Asian guidelines of BMI. Serum magnesium levels were done for all of them and statistically analysed to correlate the serum magnesium with body mass.Results: The present study observed that 69 out of 120 pre-diabetics, 57.5% have low magnesium levels. This study showed that 57.5% of pre-diabetics is having normal body mass index, out of which more than half of them are having normal serum magnesium. But out of 12 obese pre-diabetics, 11 were having low serum magnesium 91.6%. (P value 0.026 which is statistically significant).Conclusions: This study observed that serum magnesium levels are low in Pre-diabetics. Significant hyomagnesemia has been seen in pre-diabetics with high BMI compared to those with normal BMI.

A High Efficient High Input Power Factor Interleaved Boost Converter

In this paper an improved ZVT interleaved boost PFC topology is introduced. The proposed ZVT interleaved boost converter is composed of two cell boost conversion units and an active auxiliary circuit. The proposed converter has two important advantages over the similar soft switching converters. The first one is that parallel to the main switches of the converter the auxiliary switch also operates under soft switching condition. Providing soft switching conditions for interleaved boost converters with more than one cells using only one auxiliary switch is another advantage of this topology. The prototype for the proposed converter was developed with an input of 110V-220V ac power supply feeding a resistive output load of 600 watts. In addition, the proposed converter has the advantages of fewer structure complications, lower cost and ease of control.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.25

On Controlled P Systems

We introduce and brie y investigate P systems with controlled computations. First, P systems with label restricted transitions are considered (in each step, all rules used have either the same label, or, possibly, the empty label, ), then P systems with the computations controlled by languages (as in context-free controlled grammars). The relationships between the families of sets of numbers computed by the various classes of controlled P systems are investigated, also comparing them with length sets of languages in Chomsky and Lindenmayer hierarchies (characterizations of the length sets of ET0L and of recursively enumerable languages are obtained in this framework). A series of open problems and research topics are formulated

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Level of Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Immunization among the Mothers of Under Five Children in Selected Rural Area at Dindugal

SUMMARY: A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on immunization among mothers of children in selected area of Dindugal. The research design of the study is quasi experimental research design with one group pretest and posttest. Total 30 mothers were taken who have under 5 children, purposive sampling technique was used to select the mothers. The conceptual model of the study was general system model. A structured knowledge questionnaire was prepared by the investigator, consisting two sections. SECTION 1: Demographic data. SECTION2: Structured Knowledge questionnaires and attitude scale regarding immunization. The gathered data was tabulated, grouped and analyzed. Descriptive and inferential statistics i.e., frequency, percentage, paired’ test, chi-square test were used for analysis. MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY: Regarding Age of the mother, maximum 15 (50%) mothers were between the ages of 24-28. Regarding Religion, maximum 17 (56.66%) mothers were Hindu. Regarding education of the mother, maximum 9(30%) mothers were completed primary education, 8(26.66%) mothers had no formal education. 58 Regarding source of information, maximum 8(26.66%) mothers were got the information through the radio. In pre test, the majority of the mothers 16(53.33%) had inadequate knowledge regarding immunization. In post test, the majority mothers 25(83.33%) had moderate knowledge regarding immunization. In pre test, the majority of the mothers 19(63.33%) had poor attitude regarding immunization. In post test, the majority mothers 24(80%) had average attitude regarding immunization While comparing the pre test (mean score 11.16) knowledge score regarding immunization most of the mothers were scored more in the post test (mean score 14.2). While comparing the pre test (mean score 14.6) attitude score regarding immunization most of the mothers were scored more in the post test (mean score 17.4). There is significant association between knowledge and age of the mother and occupation of the mother. But there was no association between religion, education and source of information with the post test knowledge score. There is significant association between attitude and age of the mother and occupation of the mother. But there was no association between religion, education and source of information with the post test attitude score. IMPLICATIONS: Nursing is a dynamic process, which involves quality-based practice, scientific knowledge and dissemination of research knowledge in to practice. Nursing professional find that the health promotion is very relevant useful in a variety of settings. So the present study adds major implications in to various areas of nursing to help mothers who have below 5 yrs children about immunization. NURSING PRACTICE: WHO says nursing has wide scope in primary health area. Health care can not provided by one agency. It is up to the individual to take care. A timely enlighten bring numerical changes in health behavior 59 Nurse can use the planed health education program to teach the mothers who have under 5 children to provide adequate knowledge on immunization. Nurse can educate the mothers who have under 5 children about important of immunization. Nurse can use the charts to provide further reference for mothers on immunization. Measures can be taken to prevent disease through mass media. NURSING EDUCATION: Nurse educators should encourage the nursing students to conduct immunization awareness programme in the community/ as well as in the hospital. Nurse educator should motivate the learners to identify the problems and reason for non acceptance of vaccine and find out the solution for the problem. The importance of immunization should be included in the nursing curriculum which is considered as the optional vaccine. NURSING ADMINISTRATION: Nurse administrator can disseminate the research knowledge into practice, so that the under five children can be benefited. Nurse administrator can conduct seminar / workshop on pneumococcal vaccination for the nurses to improve the knowledge regarding pneumococcal vaccination among mothers of under five children. Nursing administrator motivate the community health nurse to prepare pamphlets / other A.V aids to impart knowledge regarding pneumococcal vaccination in rural area. NURSING RESEARCH: The study can be a baseline for future studies to build upon. Future researcher study could be done to identify the factors influencing adherence / non adherence of immunization. Extensive research can be conducted regarding immunization by using self instructional module. 60 RECOMMENDATIONS: A comparative study can be done between urban mothers and rural mothers who have under 5 children. A similar study can be conducted with large samples. Study can be done using different methods of teaching. Future studies can be conducted on knowledge and factors influence noncompliance of optional vaccine among mothers. CONCLUSION: The structured teaching programme through flash cards found to be very effective in improving the knowledge and attitude among mothers who have below 5 yrs children on immunization. The knowledge and attitude regarding immunization was improved by health teaching through flash cards. Being as a nurses, our main responsibility is try to make our India, free from communicable disease by providing immunization for all under five children

Influence of plasma modification on mechanical and thermal properties of Polypropylene/ Nano-Calcium Silicate Composites

The aim of the research is to study the influence of plasma modification on nano calcium silicate/polypropylene composites. Polypropylene (PP) is considered for this study as it possesses high impact strength, toughness and availability. Calcium silicate is considered as reinforcement because of its high temperature resistance, high flexural strength and high strength to mass ratio. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show that there is a change in the functional group on the surface of calcium silicate after modification. Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) results show that the decomposition temperature increased with increasing amount of filler particles. It is also observed that the modification has produced a marginal increase in the decomposition and glass transition temperature. Tensile test results also show a gradual increase in the tensile properties of composites when high ratio is reinforcement. Tensile test results also show that there is a marginal increase in the tensile strength when reinforced with modified calcium silicate when compared to non-modified. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) reveals that there is a enhanced dispersion of nano particles on modification. Based on the findings it can be concluded that plasma modification enhances the thermal and mechanical property marginally

Performance analysis of filtering based chaotic synchronization and development of chaotic digital communication schemes

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Putative quantum critical point in the itinerant magnet ZrFe4_4Si2_2 with a frustrated quasi-one-dimensional structure

The Fe sublattice in the compound ZrFe$_4$Si$_2$ features geometrical frustration and quasi-one-dimensionality. We therefore investigated the magnetic behavior in ZrFe$_4$Si$_2$ and its evolution upon substituting Ge for Si and under the application of hydrostatic pressure using structural, magnetic, thermodynamic, and electrical-transport probes. Magnetic measurements reveal that ZrFe$_4$Si$_2$ holds paramagnetic Fe moments with an effective moment $\mu_{\rm eff}= 2.18~\mu_{B}$. At low temperatures the compound shows a weak short-range magnetic order below 6 K. Our studies demonstrate that substituting Ge for Si increases the unit-cell volume and stabilizes the short-range order into a long-range spin-density wave type magnetic order. On the other hand, hydrostatic pressure studies using electrical-resistivity measurements on ZrFe$_4$(Si$_{0.88}$Ge$_{0.12}$)$_2$ indicate a continuous suppression of the magnetic ordering upon increasing pressure. Therefore, our combined chemical substitution and hydrostatic pressure studies suggest the existence of a lattice-volume-controlled quantum critical point in ZrFe$_4$Si$_2$.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, Published version with new title and extended discussio